NHAN VAT - SU" KIEN
TIM HIEU THEM VE CHIEN KHU D
TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG XAM LU'OC
PHAM THI NHUNG
Doan cdn bo Tgp chi Lich su Ddng tham di tich cdn cir Khu uy miin Dong Nam Bo (1962 -1967) tgi huyen Vinh Cim, tinh Dong Nai
C
ach thanh phd Hd Chi Minh khoang 70km ve phia Tay Bac, vdi dien tich tdng thi 60.000 ha, Chiln khu D ' la mot trong hai can cu quan trgng nhat cua miln Ddng Nam Bd. Nam tren canh rirng dai ngan ndi tir cao nguyen mien Trung vaTrudng ST quan Luc quan 2 64
bien gidi Campuchia xudng giap Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh va cac thanh phd Bien Hoa (Ddng Nai), Thii Diu Mot (Binh Duong). Dua vao day Trudng Son va viing ddi rirng bat ngat, rat nhieu sdng sudi gan vdi mot phan doan cuoi dudng Hd Chi Minh, Chien khu D cd vi thi la viing an ngir chien luge, ndi nhieu chiln trudng vdi
TAP CHi LICH SLF DANG - S6 3/2011
NHAN VAT - SU'KIEN
nhau, la cau ndi "trung chuyen" quan trong tir mien Bac vao mien Nam. Vdi dja hinh rirng nui hiem trd, Chien khu D trd thanh mot khu can cir each mang, noi xay dung, bao toan va phat trien lire lugng, kho tang du trir vii khi, luong thuc, bao dam hau can cua nhan dan ta d mien Nam trong hai cugc khang chien chdng xam luge.
Ngay 23-9-1945, thuc dan Phap gay hin d Sai Gdn, md dau xam luge nude ta lan thir hai. Quan Phap pha vdng vay xung quanh Sai Gdn, danh chiem cac dd thi va viing kinh te, cac dudng giao thdng... hdng tieu diet co quan dau nao khang chien ciia ta. Bien Hoa, Thu Dau Mot - cira ngd quan trgng ciia Sai Gdn trd thanh mot trong nhiing hudng danh chiem dau tien ciia djch. Trong nhirng ngay dau khang chien, cac don vj vu trang cua ta tir nhieu noi riit ve hudng Tan Uyen (Thii Diu Mot).
Dia ban Tan Uyen vdn la noi trii quan ciia cac luc lugng du kich Bien Hda tir sau Nam Ky khdi nghTa. Noi day dugc IJy ban khang chien Nam Bd chgn lam vi tri tap ket lire lugng, chuyen giao may moc, vii khi. Sau khi thi xa Bien Hda bj dich tam chiem, dem 22-10-1945, mot bd phan gdm 40 ngudi, trang bi 30 khau sung trudng, do ddng chi Huynh Van Nghe chi huy, keo ve Tan Tich, Dat Cuoc, dua vao rirng lam can cir, xay dung lire lugng chdng Phap. Co quan Tinh iiy,
lire lugng vu trang chien dau d mat tran phia Ddng ciing rut ve Tan Uyen. Sau dd, nhieu luc lugng, co quan d cac noi khac ciing lan lugt ve Tan Uyen, lgi dung viing rirng nui hiem trd, xay dung can cii dia each mang.
Dau thang 11-1945, ddng chi Nguyen Binh dugc Trung uong Dang cir vao phu trach cdng tac quan su d Nam Bd. Qua khao sat dia hinh, nhan rd vi the thuan lgi cua vimg rirng Tan Uyen, Dang ta da chii truang chgn khu Lac An lap can cu dia, xay dung an toan khu. Cudi nam 1945, Hdi nghi Xir iiy md rgng ban thao nhiem vu ciing cd bd may co quan khang chien va td chirc quan sir, quyet dinh chia Nam Bd thanh 3 khu quan sir - hanh chinh la khu 7, 8, 9. Khu 7 dugc thanh lap gdm cac tinh Thii Dau Mot, Bien Hoa, Tay Ninh, Gia Dinh, Chg Ldn, Ba Ria va Sai Gdn. Ddng chi Nguyen Binh dugc chi dinh lam Khu bd trudng va ddng chi Tran Xuan Do la Chii nhiem Chinh tri; Duong Van Duong lam Khu bd phd...
Dau nam 1946, giac Phap danh chiem mien Ddng Nam Bd. Can cir Tan Uyen trd thanh muc tieu tan cdng dau tien ciia chiing. Cimg vdi cugc khang chien ciia quan va dan ca nude, Khu 7 phat trien nhieu mat, cac lire lugng vii trang d day da diing cam chien dau tieu diet va day liii cac cugc hanh quan ciia Phap. Ngay 20-2-1946, Bd Tu lenh Khu 7 hgp tai An Lac, quyet dinh xay dung Tan Uyen thanh
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NHAN VAT • SU' KIEN
can cir dia ciia Khu 7; hoach dinh khu vuc dung chan, phdng thu. Lac An - Tan Uyen - Bien Hda dugc chinh thuc xay dung thanh can cir dia khang chien cua Chien khu 7.
Chien khu D la can cir dia eiia cac tinh Bien Hda, Thu Diu Mot, Bg Tu lenh Khu 7, Xu iiy Nam Bd, Bd Tu lenh Nam Bd. Khi thanh lap, Chien khu D bat dau tir 5 xa: Tan Hda, My Ldc, Tan Tich, Thudng Lang, Lac An (thugc Tan Uyen); phia Tay giap dudng 16, phia Nam la sdng Ddng Nai, tao the md rgng, phat trien len phia Bac, Ddng Bac. Tai day, trong sudt cugc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge, td chirc Dang, can bd, dang vien, chien sT sat canh ciing nhan dan xay dung cac co sd khang chien, xay dung lire lugng, phat trien san xuat, dam bao tu cung tu cip va chien dau.
Hiep dinh Gionevo ky chua rao muc, de qudc My nhay vao mien Nam Viet Nam, dung len chinh quyen tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem, thuc hien chia eat lau dai dit nude ta, ngan chan lan sdng each mang lan tran xudng khu vuc Ddng Nam A.
Budc vao cugc khang chien chdng My, ciru nude, Chien khu D trd thanh can cir dia each mang ciia nhan dan "dat thep thanh ddng" trong cugc khang chiln chdng My, ciru nude. Sau phong trao Ddng khdi, each mang mien Nam chuyen tir the giir gin luc lugng sang
the tien cdng lien tue manh me. Ngay 24- 1-1961, Bd Chinh tri ra Chi thi ve phuong hudng va nhiem vu cdng tac trude mat cua each mang mien Nam: "ra sire xay dung mau chdng lire lugng ciia ta ve ca hai mat chinh tri va quan sir, tap hgp ddng dao lire lugng each mang trong Mat tran dan tgc giai phdng, phat ddng mot phong trao dau tranh chinh tri manh me cua quan chiing, tich cue tieu diet sinh luc dich, bao tdn va phat trien lire lugng ta,... tao dieu kien va nam thdi co thuan lgi de danh dudi chinh quyen My-Diem, giai phdng mien Nam"^.
Dap ling yeu cau lanh dao each mang mien Nam, Bd Chinh tri quyet dinh thanh lap Trung uong Cue mien Nam thay cho Xir uy Nam Bd. Le thanh lap Trung uong Cue dugc td chirc long trong tai sudi Nhung - Ma Da thugc can cir Chien khu D. Ddng chi Nguyen Van Linh lam Bi thu Trung uong Cue miln Nam. Tir day, chii truong, dudng loi ciia Dang lanh dao, chi dao cugc chiln tranh giai phdng miln Nam dugc toa di khip noi. Cac chu truong xay dung phong trao, menh lenh tac chiln cung tir dia danh lich sir nay phat di khip cac chiln trudng miln Nam.
Chien khu D ngay cang phat triln, noi lien hau phuong ldn miln Bic qua dudng Trudng Son, ciing vdi can cir cac tinh phia Ddng tao thanh thi lien hoan, gin bo mat thiet giira hau phuong va tiln tuyin.
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NHAN VAT-SU'KIEN
Trude yeu cau birc thiet ciia cugc khang chien, thang 6-1961, Khu uy mien Ddng quyet dinh giai the tinh Thii Bien va td chirc lai 3 tinh: Bien Hoa, Thu Dau Mot va Phudc Thanh. Thang 9-1961, Khu uy va Bd Tu lenh khu mien Ddng quyet dinh tan cdng tinh ly Phudc Thanh, nham pha tan y dd ciia dich chia cat vimg can cir each mang, md rgng Chien khu, chuan bi ddn cac doan can bd ciia Trung uong tang cudng cho Nam Bd.
Trong nhijng ngay cudi thang 4-1975 lich sir, ca dan tdc ra quan trong miia xuan Hch sir vdi khi the "mot ngay bang hai muai nam", cac canh quan ciia ta tir cac hudng "thdn toe, thdn toe han nira, tao bgo tao bgo han nira, xoc tai Sai Gdn, gidi phong mien Nam ". Bac Nam sum hgp mot nha, Chien khu D hoan thanh sir menh lich sir ciia mot can cir dia each mang, tren viing ''dat thep thdnh dong" trong hai cugc khang chien giai phdng dan tdc. Chien khu D da gdp phan khdng nhd vao thang lgi ciia dan tgc Viet Nam trong chien tranh giai phdng dan tdc, thu non sdng ve mot mdi, dua ca nude di len xay dung chii nghTa xa hdi.
Nam 1999, can cir each mang Chien khu D dugc Nha n u d e cdng nhan la di tich lich sir qudc gia. Hien nay, Khu di tich Hch sir chien khu D cd cac dia danh lich sir, cac di tich: Khu uy mien Ddng vdi cac hang muc: Nha cac ddng chi
lanh dao. Van phdng Khu uy. co yeu. ve binh, giao thdng hao, dia dao... Khu tugng dai chien thang Chien khu D d nga ba Ba Hao ket hgp vdi rirng tai sinji.
hd Ba Hao, khu Van hoa truyen thdng, khu sinh thai, nha nghi mat, ao sen...
Khu vuc tdng the vuon tdi ca khu di tich san bay Rang Rang, Khu bao tdn rirng qudc gia Nam Cat Tien, khu du lich thuy dien Trj An, di tich Bd Tu lenh Quan khu mien Ddng. Viec khdi phuc, tdn tao di tich can cir Chien khu D, ket hgp vdi du lich sinh thai rgng ldn mang lai nhirng gia tri ve lich sir, van hda va lgi ich kinh te ciia viing Chien khu D, gdp phan tdn vinh truyen thdng ve vang cua mot viing dat sang ngdi chien cdng, da tirng la "Viet Bac" cua mien Ddng Nam Bd anh hiing.
1. Chir D mang nhieu y nghTa: D la "do", bieu tugng each mang kien cudng, nai tap trung nhijng ca quan dau nao khang chien quan trgng; mot "dia chi do" ciia ca nude;
la chir viet tat dia danh Dat Cuoc - nai bo dgi Huynh Van Nghe khdi dau xay dung can cir, tap hgp va phat trien lire lugng each mang; la chir viet tat Chien khu Dong Nai, Chien khu mien Ddng...
2. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.22, tr.l59.
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