QUAN HE DOI NGOAI
Hgp TAC KINH TE VIET NAM - AN 0 0 NHUfNG NAM OAU THE KYXXI
TS NGUYEN THI MAI Hoc vien Chinh di qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
BO VAN NGHIA Hoc vien Qudny
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«oi mm hien nay, An Bo luon gianh cho Viet Nam stt ung ho tich circ. » a .P
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. Nhimg nam diu ttii ky XXI, quan he chinh hi, kinh ti hai nudc Viet Nam-An Dp cd budc phat tiiin mdi.Thtag I-200I, Thli hidng An Dp Alal Bihaii Vajpayee ttitai Viet ' Nam.Thang5-2003,TdngBifliuN6ngDilcManhsang ttitai An Dp, chuyin Altai dtah diu mdt mic mdi tipng lich sii quan he hai nudc, ttii hito bing vi$c hai ben ky Tuyen bd chung vi Khudn khd hop Idc todn diin giua hai mrac buac vdo thi ky XXI Thfag 7-200J, Thu tttdng Viet Nam Nguyin Tin DOng ttitai An Dp, ttting chuyin ttitai nay Thii tildng hai nudc ky Tuyin bd chung vi quan he ddi tdc chiin luac Viet Nam-An Do, ntag quan he Viet Nam-An Dp len mux: cao nhit giua hai quic gia Day la su kito quan ttpng, tao la budc phat ttiin dpt pha chp mii quan he spng phuong giita hai nudc ve su hpp tac tota dien tten lit ca mpi hnh vvc ol chinh tti, kinh ti, quic phong, an ninh, vta hda, khoa hpc cdng nghe... Trong chuyin ttitai An Dp ciia Tdng Bi ttiu Nguyin Phii Trpng (11-2013), ISnh dap hai nudc da cung nhit tti ntag quan he ddi tac kinh ti ttd ttitah mpt ttting nhimg npi dung chinh ciia quan he dii tac chiin lupc giira hai
nudc. Thtag 9-2014 Ting ttidng An Elp Pianab Mukherjee flitai Viet Nam da khtog djnh "Viet Nam^ la mpt ttong nhung ddi tac kinh ti quan ttpng cua An Dp"'
Chinh sach ngoai ttiuong cua An Dp 2009- 2014, xac dinh ttii ttudng Viet Nam la mpt ttpng nhimg diem den quan ttpng cua chinh sach
"Hudng Ddng" cua An Dp^. Tai Hpi nghi Thupng dmh ASEAN-An Dp (Bah, hidonesia), ngay 8-10- 20O3, cac nudc ASEAN va An Dp ky Hiep djnh khung ve hpp tac kinh ti tpta dipn, nhim ttin tdi mpt khu vuc mau dich ttr do giila hai ben. Hiep dinh khung nay da dat nin mdng cho su ttitah lap khu vuc Thuong mai va Diu ttr ASEAN-An Dp (RTTA), bao gim cac hiep djnh ttiuong mai tu dp ve htag hda, dich vu va diu ttr. Ngay 13-8-2009 ASEAN va An Dp ky Hiep dinh vi Thuong mai htag hda (TIG) tai Bangkok Hpi nghi cip cao ASEAN-An Dp tai New Delhi (20 - 21-12-2012), Itah dao cac nudc ASEAN va An Dp quyit dinh ntag tim quan he An Dp-ASEAN len ddi tac chien lupc. La mpt flitah vien cua ASEAN, Viet Nam cd nhiiu co hdi ttog cudng hpp tac tota dien
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TAP CHiLICHSl/OANG 9-2016
voi An Dp. Trong quan he Viet Nam-An Dp, hpp tac kinh tfl dupc coi la tru cpt quan trong hang dau ttong mfli quan he doi tae chien lupc giiia hai nuoc.
Nhiing kflt qua hpp tdc dupc ttie hifln nhu sau:
Kim nggch trao ddi thuang mgi hai chieu tdng ttuong manh, ddc biet ke tir sau khi Hiep dinh Thuong mai hang hfla ASEAN-An Dp (AITIG) dupc ky kflt vdo nam 2009, tiflp dfl, ttiuc hien cdc hiep dmh: Hiep dinh Thuong mai; Hiep dinh Trdnh danh thufl hai ldn; Hiep dinh Khuyfln khich va Bdo hfl Ddu tu; Hiep dinh Hpp tac vfl hang khflng; Hi?p dinh Hpp tae du lieh; H i ^ dinh Hpp tac mo va dia chdt, mfli tnrcmg, y hpc ddn ^ ; Hiep dinh khung Hpp tde kinh tfl toan dien trong khufln khfl lAFTA;
Hiep dinh thuong mai hang hoa va Hiep djnh ddu tu trong khufln khfl Hiep dinh khung vfl hpp tac kinh tfl toan dien ASEAN-An Dp (AIFTA) ky nam 2014 vd phfl duyet nam 2015.
An Dp hifln la mpt ttong 10 dfli tdc ttiuong mai lan nhat ciia Vi^t Nam, kun ngach thuong mai song phuong tang ttuong dat gdn 20%/nam, tu 72 ttieu USD (nam 1995) tang Ifln tren 1 ty USD (nam 2006) va 1,5 ty USD (nam 2007). Nam 2008, kim ngach ttiuong mai hai chiflu dat gan 2,5 ty USD, ve tmoc tfioi han 2 nam vd vupt muc ttflu 2 ty USD dfl ra ttong Tuyen bo ehung vfl quan he doi tdc chien lupe Yiflt Nam-An Dp. Ndm 2009, do dnh huong ciia suy ttiodi kmh tfl ttifl gioi, kim ngach ttiuong mai Viet Nam-An Dp chi dat hon 2 tyUSD.gidm 17,23% so voi nam 2008';nam 2010 dat 2,754 ty USD; nam 2011 dat 3,866 ty USD, tang 41,6% so ndm 2010, ndm 2012 dat 3,938 ty USD, ndm 2013 dat 5,188 ty USD. Giai doan 2008-2013, kim ngaeh ttiuong mai song phuong tang truong bmh quan 16%/ ndm. Ndm 2014, kim ngach ttiuong mai hai nuoc dat 5,551 ty USD".
6 tildng ddu ndm 2016, kim ngach tiiuong mai hai nuoe dat 2,532 ty USD-\ Cac mat hang xuit khdu chii lyc cua Viet Nam sang An Dp gflm: dien
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thoai di dpng va Unh kifln difln tu, sat thep vd t^
san phdm tir thep, may moc, thiet bi vd phu t ^ phuong tien vd phu tling van tdi, may tinh va ^ difln hi, hoa chdt, go nguyen lieu va do gfl, qu^ng vd khoang sdn, thiiy-hdi sdn, cd phfl, hat tieu, que, hfli, my phdm, nhua, ttian da, cao su, gom-sii-thi^
tinh, gidy dep... Co cdu san phdm co bucrc chuj4 dich tir hdng nong sdn nguyen heu phuc vy sin xudt sang sdn pham hang cflng nghiep, hang ti&i diing. An Dp xudt khau sang Viet Nam chii yeu Ii tiiiic an gia siic, dupc pham va ttiiet hi y tfl, m^
moc, thiflt bj vd phu hing, chat deo ngi^en li^
sat thep vd ldm loai, spi bong va nguyfln h^u 46 dflt may, hfla chdt, phan bon vd thuoe tru sdu, san phdm dien tii vd linh kifln...
Ve hgp tdc ddu tu: Ddu tu true tiflp (FDI) ch An Dp vao Viet Nam tunam 1988v6idi;anfliSm do khai thac ddu khi eua Tap doan ONGC. Dk tu Ciia An Dp vao Viet Nam tap tiung chu y^
vao cde lmh vuc tiiam do vd khai thac ddu Idil, giong cdy ttflng san xudt thep, khai thac khoang san, dupc phdm, chfl bien thuc phdm va cflng nghp thflng tm. Mpt sfl du an ddu tu lon ciia An DO o Viet Nam gom: Sdn xudt thep la Ifoh vuc ddu tu manh nhdt cua An Dp vdo Viet Nam co su ttiam gia ciia Tap dodn ESSAR (ESSAR Energy lAft Tap doan Tata Steel. Thdng 4-2007, tap dodn Hffl Sen khdnh thanh mpt nhd may thep ngu^i I(SD nhdt tai Viet Nam, va la du an tu nlidn ddu tiSi nhdn dupc su hfl frp tai chinh ttr phia An DO trong chuong tttah hfl ttp phat tiifln ciia An Dp cho Vi^
Nam; Dir dn Nhd mdy thep cdn nong tiii Ba Rja - Viing Tau, tri gia 527 ttieu USD eiia T?p doin ESSAR (2-7007). Tap dodn Dau khi Quflc An Dp (ONGC) hpp tac voi Petto Viettiam 2 hdp dflng chia san phdm (PSC) tai Id 127 va 128 ttiu^C bfl Phu Khanh,... Dfln tildng 6-2016, An Dp cfl IW du dn ddu tu eon hieu lire tai Viet Nam voi tong sfl v6n dang ky 491 ttieu USD, dung ttni 28 tcati
QUAN HE Ddi NGOAI
Z l
sd 110 qudc gia va vilng ltoh thd diu UI vao Viet
" Nam. Tinh ni thtag I din ngay 20-8-2016, An Dp
^ cdl5 du ta cip mdl vdi vin dtog ky 85.136 sieu - USD, cd 2 dii ta ttog vin them 10,2 ttieu USD'.
' Ben canh dd, Viet Nam va An EM da flitah lap ' Dien dta doanh nghiep An-Viet, ti chirc nhiiu hpi '- fliap diu nr va thuang mai spng phuong Thtag
• 4-2013, Dai sir quta An Bp tai Viet Nam phii 2 hop vdi Bp Ndng nghiep va phat ttiin ndng flion, ' Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghijp An Dp (Chi i nhtah Ha Npi) t i chuc Hpi fliao vi giao fliuong '. Viet Nam-An Dp ttpng linh vuc ndng nghiep I Htag chuc buii hdi fliap gidi thieu flii ttudng An i Dp va Hiep djnh fliuong mai htag hda ASEAN-
An Dp da dupc t i chirc tai nhiiu tinh, flitah cua Viet Nam nhSm cung cip nhiing fliong hn flii ttudng cap nhat den ddng dao cdng ddng doanh n ^ e p Viet Nam. Hpi chp thuong mai ASEAN - An Dp, xiic tien fliuong mai dupc ti chiic tai thtah phi Kollcata, New Delhi.
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. Mac du fliuong mai sraig phuong Sng nhanh chdng, si lupng cac du an diu lu ngay cang lang, nhung quan he giiia hai nudc Iien Bhh vuc kinh Ie van chua tuong ximg vdi tiim nang oia ca hai nudc ndi tieng, cung nhu chua luong xitng vdi mii quan he doi lac chiin lupc giiia hai nudc ndi chung Ty Ining xuat nhap khiu giOa Viet Nam va An Dp chiSn ly le tUp liong tinggia tti thuong mai cua mdi nudc. Nhiing han che trong quan he fliuong mai, diu tu hai nudc xuit phat tir cac nguyen nhan sairThf nhat, quan he Viet Nam-An Bp Iudn chiu su lac ddng, canli nanh ciia cac cap quan he khac, tmdc hit la quan he oia hai nuoc vdi cac dii lac chinh nhu My, Tmng Quic Nhat Bta \i Liai mmh chau Au (EU).
Cac cSp quan he nay lai ludn cd nhOng biin dpng nen didng phai luc nap ciing Ihuan lpi. Mat khac, giOa cac ludc ttong khu vuc cung cd su canh tranh quyit liet rong Ihu hul von diu Iu, thuong mai...
Thir hai, Chinh phii An Dp chu titiong bao hd ngtah sta xuit npi dia. Cac fliu tuc htah chinh nhu viec ap dung va flitrc hien cac quy chuin ky fliuat, ve sinh an tota fliuc phim, dtah gia chit lupng htag hda, chi phi gitoi dinh chua dupc fliong fliotag, khong ttiuc suhottohtaghdanhap khau da cta tid cac doanh nghiep ciia Viet Nam xtai nhap flii ttudng An Dp. Viec fliuc ttii Hiep dinh FTA giira ASEAN va An Dp vira gdp phin fliuc day str phat tiien ttong mii quan he song phuong giita Viet Nam va An Dp, vira dat ra nhiiu ttiach ttiuc dii vdi nin kmh ti Viet Nam, nhu; (i) viecgitainhapsieutilAnDpsekhdkhtahonkhi time nhap khta cua Viet Nara ciing se gitoi flieo Id ttinh; (ii) siic ep canh ttanh tii htog hda nhap khau cua An Dp do nhiiu chiing loaihtoghdacua An Dp cd siic canh tttmh, gia ca tiiong ddi fliip;
(iii) tap quta tieu dtag, htag rao phi fliui quan vin la nhiing fliit fliach ddi vdi Viet Nam, nhit la khi An Dd chua ding y ky hiep dinh fliuong mai tu do vdi Viet Nam.
T&f 6<7, Viet Nam va An Bp diu la nhiing nudc dang phat tiin, ca hai nudc diu cd nhu ciu ldn vi vdn, flii huong, cdng nghe, ttong khi su bi sung iin nhau giira hai flij ttudng nay cdn mirc dp. Htag hoa cua ca hai nudc chua fliat canh ttanh vi gia ca, chit lupng miu ni4 vin cdn su khac biet ttong co chi hpp tac. Phin ldn htag hda xuit khiu ciia Viet Nam sang An Bd van la sta phim flip, chua xay dung dupe ttiuong hieu, phai giao djch qua ttung gian, cdn bj ep gia, nhit la khi xuit khiu vdi sd lupng ldn'. Co cau htag hda xuit khiu ciia hai ben tiiong doi giing nhau. Mpt sd mat htag cd ttii manh cua Viet Nam nhu che, ca phe, del may, da giay.. cOng la flii manh xuat khiu cua An Dp. Su gidng nhau nay se khiin cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai dii mat vdi su canh tianh tten flij tiudng An Dp va flii gidi.
Thit Br, su flueu hut flidng tin vi dit nudc cua nhau, khien cho boat dpng xuit khiu, diu tit cua
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TAP CHl LICH St; OANG 9-2016
cac doanh nghiflp Viet Nam, An Dp chua phdt huy hflt ttflm nang ciia hai nuoc. Mae du Viet N a m va An Dp co quan he tmyen thong Idu doi nhung sir hieu biet vfl nhau van con han chfl, chu yeu vfl chinh tri va van hoa. Nhimg tiiong tin ve kinh tfl, tili truong vd khoa hoc ky tiiuat vdn con han che.
Cflng tdc nghien ciiu thi truong va xiic tten thuang mai chua tiiuc su dupc quan tdm diing miic.
Doanh nghiflp Vflt Nam ehua quan tam nhieu den thi tmong An Dp. Thieu sir phoi kflt hpp dong bp giiia eae bfln hen quan, nen khien hoat dpng thuong mai thoi gian qua ehua phdt trifln diing tdm, ehua phat huy dupc vai tro ttong viflc tiep can nhimg thi tmong lon nhu An Dp.
Thit ndm, chinh sdeh eiia Viet N a m khflng fln dinh; ket cdu ha tang thieu dflng bfl; ttiieu dpi ngu lao dpng Idnh nghe... dnh huong dfln hoat dpng ddu tu nuo'c ngodi noi chung, ddu t u cua An D p vdo V e t Nam noi rieng. Dac biet, khi ddu tu tai dia bdn viing sdu, vung xa, duong sa, giao ttiong kho khdn va o cdch rat xa cac cdng bien, cdng hang khflng, khifln chi phi van tdi Ion vd qua trinh van tdi gdp nhiflu nii ro.
Qud trinh hpp tde kinh tfl V e t Nam-An D p da dat dupc nhiflu tiidnh tuu, ddu mflc quan frpng, hiy nhifln vdn con khong it kho khan, han chfl. De quan h? hpp tdc kinh tfl Vi?t Nam-An Dp ngay edng phdt trien, Urong iing voi quan he dfli tdc ehifln luge, hai ben edn phat huy nhung ttiudn Ipi, khdc phuc nhimg han chfl bdng viee: hep tue chu dpng duy tri tiep xiie cdp cao nhdm kip tiioi tiiflng nhdt bien phdp ldm sdu sde va hien ttiuc hfla ttfln ttiue tfl mpi Hnh vue; tang cuong eac uu dai ciia AIFTA;
ttiiic ddy manh me quan he hpp tdc kinh tfl, ttiuong mai vd dau tu, ttiue hifln hieu qua cde Hiep dmh/
tiioa tiiudn hpp tac, cdc d u dn ddu ttr, lien kflt da ky ket, giiip do- Viet Nam ttong qud ttinh hien dai hfla quflc phong va an ninh; Viet Nam tiflp tuc hoan tiiien he thflng ludt phdp cho phii hpp voi tiiflng
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lfl quoc te; tang c u o n g ttiong tin giiia hai nuiit;
ddy manh vd doi moi cong tac van dpng xiic ti^
thuong mai, ddu hi; dong ttioi ti'ch c\rc cai tiii^
mfli truong k m h doanh trong n u o c ; tdng cuong sy chu dpng eua doanh nghiep; nang cao chdt hsm ngufln nhdn luc; phat trien ket cdu ha, tdng nhfim thiic ddy hpp tac kinh tfl t u o n g xiing voi ti&n nam va quan he ttuyfln thong giiia hai nuoc.
trong chuyai IhSm va Idiai truong Trung tam N ^ a i cuuii Dp tai HQC vien Chinh tri quflc gia H6 Chi Minh, ng^ IS- 9-2014. hUpy/cis.org.vn/articieG/loan-van-bai'phat-frieiKi*
tong-thong-an-do^nanab-mukherjee-trcMTg-chuyen-tbam-vs- khai-tnKmg-tnmg-tarn-n^en-cuu-an-do-tai-boc-vioHiiiiih tri-quoc-gia-ho-chi-minh-ngay-1592014Jitnil
2. Xem Le Nguyin Huong Tnnh- Chmh sdch r^
ihuangAnDQthdilg>cdicdck'N:<bCVQG,B,2005 3. Xem Vy Dong Nara A-Nam A-Nam IMi Bhdi Duong, Bo Ngo^ giao: "Quan h$ dfli tac chi&i hipc Vijl Nam-An Do", trong ai&i, AnDovd quan h$ Vi$t NamM fld, Nxblhe gioi, 2013, tr. 141-142
4. Xem httpyAvwwjnoiLgov.vnWtin-tiKi'5355/tBO' doi-lhuong-mai-viet-nam—an-do-tang-lmong-^laIlb^n^
tu-2010-2014.aspx
5. Xem Do Thing Hai;'TTiiic trang vattiSn vpng quan li{
hgp ta; thuong mai-cong nghi^ giua Vi^ Nam-An DO", J^
yeu Hpi thdo quae li "Vi^t Nam-An Bg: boi cdnh mdi, ^
«/i?n mdl", Nxb Ly luan Oiinh tri H, 2016, tr. 22 6. Xem hl^y/fiajipi.gciv,vn/tinhai/5020/r!nhhinh4B- hut-Dau-tu-nuoc-ngoai-8-fhang-iiam-20I6; bX^-JIdtm.
googl&com/fil^d/OBOjqVAnX-mtBZIFl Sk4wUVcwOFU' view?pref=24&pli=l
7. Xem Nguyin VSn Lidi; "Quan h? kinh t^ Vi?tNfflD- An Dp", Ky yau Hpi Ihao quflc te "Vi?t Nam, An E)g vfi'H' Nam A, nhung moi liai h? tiraig lich sir va h i ^ t??', NA B d i ^ Bach khoa, H, 2013, tr 238.
