Kinh te & Chinh sdch
C A C y £ U T O A N H HlTonVG T 6 I M i r c S A N L O N G D A U TU" P H A T T R I E N R U N G S A N X U A T T R E N D I A B A N T I N H H O A B I N H
Biii Thi Minh Nguyet\ Tru-ong Tat Do^, Doan Thi Han', Nguyin Thi Thanh Huy^n', Nguyin Thuy D u n g \ Dao Thi Hdng' 'Tnrdng Dai hoc Ldm nghiep
^Tong cue Ldm nghiep T O M T A T
Rimg CO vai tro quan trong trong dai s6ng kinh te xa hpi cua timg qu6c gia, khong phai chi trong ITnh v^c kinh td ma vol ca cac linh vuc trong xa hpi, bao ve moi tnrcmg. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh phat trien rung noi chung va phat m6n rimg san xuat (RSX) noi rieng dang co nhung kho khan nhat dinh trong hoat dpng huy dpng cac ngu6n luc tai chinh. Trong thoi gian vira qua, tinh Hoa Binh da huy dpng dupe mpt so nguon luc de thuc hien phat Vnkn rimg san xuat, nhung ket qua con qua nho so vcri nhu cau thuc tien. Trong nghien ciiu nay, nhom tac gia se tim hiSu, phan tich thuc trang huy dpng nguon luc tai chinh, dua ra cac nhan to anh huong dSn ket qua huy dpng tai chinh cho phat tri^n rung san xuit, xac dinh dupe nhihig thanh cong va ton tai trong thoi gian vua qua. Tir do, d^ xuat mot s6 giai phap thuc hiSn huy dpng c6 hieu qua cac nguon luc tai chinh thuc hien phat triin rimg san xuit cho tinh Hoa Binh va cho cac dia phuang khac trong ca nuac.
Tfr khoa: Phat triin rirag san xukt, rimg san xuat, tai chinh.
1. DAT VAN DE
Rimg giir vai trd quan trgng ddi vdi ddi sdng kinh te - xa hgi ciia timg qudc gia, dac biet trong viec giam thieu tac hai cua thign tai va ung phd tich cue vdi bien ddi khi hdu.
Nhirng vai tro cua rung ddng gdp quan trgng cho qua trinh xdy dyng mdt nen kinh te xanh, hudng tdi phat trien ben viing. Trong qua trinh phat trien kinh tg xa hdi noi chung va phat trien ldm nghigp ndi rigng, dac biet Id phat trien cac Ioai rimg san xudt deu cd nhu can Idn ve ngudn luc, dac biet la ngudn lyc tai chinh. 0 nude ta, Chinh phu da ban hanh nhidu chinh sach uu dai cho phat trign lam nghiep, dac biet la cac chinh sach vg tai chinh nhung do dac thii cua nude ta dien tich ddt rimg la tuang ddi Idn ngn ngoai cac ngudn vdn tir ngdn sach thi phdi cd su chung tay gdp siic cua cac td chuc, ca nhdn trong va ngoai nude. Trong nghien cim "Gidi phdp huy ddng nguon lire tdi chinh cho phdt trien rimg sdn xudt d Viet Nam: Trirdng hgfp nghien cdu diem tgi tinh Hoa Binh " se phan tich mdt each toan dien vg thye h-ang huy ddng tai chinh cho phat hidn rimg san xudt giai doan hien nay, tim ra nhiing nhdn td dnh hudng huy ddng tai chinh cho phat hidn rimg sdn xuat hi do dua ra cac giai phap huy ddng tai chinh cho phat tridn rijmg sdn xudt d Viet Nam.
2. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
- Ca sd ly luan va thuc tign vg huy ddng ngudn lyc tai chinh cho phat hien riing san xudt.
- Thye trang huy ddng ngudn lyc tai chmh cho phat trien rimg san xuat d tinh Hda Binh thdi gian vira qua.
- Nhdn td anh hudng ddn sy san long tham gia ddng gdp ngudn lyc tai chinh cho phat trien rimg san xudt tai tinh Hda Binh.
- De xuat nhirng giai phap huy ddng ngudn lyc tai chinh cho phat trien rimg san xudt d Hda Binh va Viet Nam giai doan tidp theo.
2.2. Phirong phap nghien cihi
2.2.1. Phirangphdp chgn diim nghien edu khdo sdt
De thuc hien dg tai, dua vao vi tri dia ly va cac dac diem ty nhien, kinh te xa hdi cua tinh Hda Binh, tac gia chgn 2 huyen dg thuc hien khao sat thuc te la Kim Bdi va Da Bdc. Tigu chi lya chgn, do tinh Hda Binh chia thanh 2 khu vuc vung nui cao Tay Bdc va viing mii thdp va ddi phia Ddng Nam. Nhdm tac gia tidn hanh lya chgn mdi khu vyc mdt huyen dg khao sat, trong do: Vimg mii cao Tdy Bdc (chgn Da Bdc dg tien hanh khao sat nghien cuu); Viing nui thdp va ddi phia Ddng Nam (chgn Kim Bdi dg tien hanh khao sat nghign ciiu).
2.2.2. Phirffng phdp thu thdp thdng tin tdi lieu
* Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu, tdi lieu thu cdp
2.1. Noi dung nghien cihi
158 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019
Kinh te & Chinh sdch Thu thap ngudn thdng tm tir cac Sd, Ban cho kich thudc mdu tdi thigu trong phdn tich ngdnh cd lien quan nhu Sd NN&PTNT, nhan td kham pha xac dinh theo cdng thtic: n = KH&DT, Cyc Thdng kd... cac de tai nghien 5*m (Trong do: n la dung lugng man tdi thieu, ciiu khoa hgc, cac bai bao khoa hgc, cac bao m la sd bidn quan sat). Vdy theo nghien cim, cao... Ngoai ra cdn thu thap thdng tin tir cac cd 19 bidn thi sd mau tdi thigu theo cdng thiic ngudn sach bao, tap chi va qua mang intemet... la 5*19 ^ 95 mdu. Tuy nhidn, trong qua trinh
* Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu, tdi lieu khdo sat nhdm tac gia da thye hien xin y kien, sa cdp: tra Idi cau hdi ciia 120 ngudi.
Cac sd lieu, tdi Heu so cap dugc thu thdp 2.2.3. Phirffng phdp xd ly, phdn tich sd ligu chu yeu qua dieu tra, khao sat theo cac phieu * Phuang phdp xu ly sd lieu: Cac sd lieu phdng van vd bang hdi chuan bi san. Tac gia thu thap dugc xu ly bdng cac phuang phap thuc hien khao sat qua 120 phieu phdng van tdng hgp, phan td thdng kg, tinh toan cac chi chudn hi san vdi cac ddi tugng cd lien quan tigu va thdng sd thdng qua sii dung chuang true tiep den quan ly rimg sdn xudt tai tinh Hda frinh Excel trong Microsoft Office va phdn Bmh. Theo Hair va cdng sy (1998), quy luat mdm SPSS 23.
Bang 1. Baag cac bien trong mo hinh nghien cmi
TT Chi tieu Ky hieu bien Ch^ do chinh sach iru dai, Ithuyen Ithich cua Nha mrdc vdi phat trien rung san
xudt
1 Nha nuoc co nhieu chinh sach uu dai, mang lai lgi ich cho cac ddi tugng dau tu phat trign rimg san xuat
2 Nha nude co cac chinh sach ho trg cho qua trinh dau tu ciia cac doi tugng de phat trien RSX nhu ha tang, tieu thu san pham, ky thuat, cay con ..
3 Nha nude hd trg dau tu von cho cac td chiic, ho gia dinh, ca nhan va cpng dong... c6 dau tu cho phat trien rirng san xuat
4 Chinh quyen dia phuang cd each chinh sach ho trg kip thdi cac doi tugng san long tham gia ddng gdp, dau tu cho phat trien RSX
B Lgi the khi ddu tir phdt trien rimg sdn xuat d Hoa Binh LT 1 Tinh Hda Binh dang co nhieu chinh sach hd trg doi vai cac boat dpng dau tu vao
phat triin RSX
2 He thdng co sd ha tdng da va dang dugc hoan thien LT2 3 Cac san pham tao ra co thi trudng tieu thu lan va de tieu thu LT3 4 Nhan dugc sir hd trg ve ky thuat tir cac ca quan chuyen mdn LT4 5 Co nhieu ca sd san xuat, che bien go va lam san ngoai gd d dia phuong LT5 6 Cac thu tuc cho viec diu tu, ddng gdp don gian, thuc hien nhanh chong LT6 C Cdc chi phi ddu vdo khi ddu tir phdt trien RSX d Hoa Binh CP 1 Cd the tan dung dugc ngudn lao dong ddi dao d tai cac khu vuc dau tu CPl 2 Cac chi phi van chuyen co lien quan giam so vdi mpt sd dia phuang khac CP2
3 De dang thu hiit ngudn lao dpng cd trinh dp ky thuat cao CP3
D Npi lire cda cdc nhd dau tu NL 1 Nghien cim, phan tich, tim hieu va co kha nang ddu tu de phat trien RSX d Hda Binh NLl
2 Xac dinh muc tieu dau tu vao phat trien RSX NL2 3 Cac nha dau tu co kien thicc hoac da co hieu biet nhat djnh ve cac van de phat trien
RSX
LTl
NL3
E Muc san long dau tu-chung Y 1 Tdi/chiing tdi sdn sang ddu tu tai chinh cho phat trien RSX YI
2 Tdi/ chiing tdi co dugc lgi nhuan dau tu Y2 3 Tdi/chiing tdi hai long ve dau tu vao phat trien RSX tai dia phuang Y3
Ngudn: Nhom nghien cihi TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019 159
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
* Phucmg phdp phdn tich so lieu: Phuang phap thdng kg mo ta, phuang phap thdng kg so sanh, phuang phap phdn tich nhdn td kham pha EFA.
Trgn ca sd tdng hgp cac phieu khao sat, sd lieu se dugc kiem dinh qua mgt sd bude nhu Kigm dinh Cronbach Anpha... sau dd tign hanh thigt lap tuong quan tuyen tinh dg xac lap ttiang quan giiia miic san long tham gia, ddng gdp cua cac ddi tugng (bien phu thudc) vdi cac ygu td anh hudng (cac bidn ddc lap). Viec xac dinh bon ydu td dnh hudng Idn dugc thye hien dya tren qua trinh khao sat thye tg, hdi nhiing ngudi cd kinh nghiem vd van dg phat trien rimg sdn xuat d cac dia phuang. Cac ygu td anh hudng (bidn ddc lap) dugc the hien qua
bang 1,
Tuang quan hiydn tinh bidu hien mdi quan he nay cd dang:
Y = B + aiCD, + a2CD2+-..+ aiNLs 3. KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN
3.1. Dac d i i m nganh lam nghiep tinh Hda Binh
a. Thuc trgng rimg vd ddt ldm nghiep cua tinh Hoa Binh
Tdng dien tich riing va dk Idm nghiep trong quy hoach 3 loai rung cua tinh Hda Binh la 340.137,96 ha; bao gdm 40.534,3 ha quy hoach cho dac dyng, 133.297,44 ha quy hoach cho phdng hg, 166.306,22 ha quy hoach cho san xudt. Dien tich rung cua tinh Hda Binh nam 2006 va 2016 dugc thd hien qua bang 2.
Bang 2. Thye trang rung va ddt lam nghigp nam 2006 - 2016 tinh Hoa Binh Dan vi tinh: ha TT
1 a b 2 a b 3 a b
Lo^i dat, loai rirng Dien tich rirng va dat Jam nghiep Dat rung dac dung
Dat CO rirag Dat chua co rung Rimg phong ho Dat CO rimg Dat chua c6 rimg Dat rimg san xuat Dat CO rimg Dat chua co rimg
Nam 2006 327.097,50 28.936,00 24.754,50 4.182,40 207.477,50 138.217,30 69.260,20 90.684,00 44.052,90 46.631,10
Nam 2016 340.137,96 40.534,30 34.596,31 5.937,99 133.297,44 101.940,87 31.356,57 166.306,22 90.824,57 75.481,65
Chenh lech 13.040,46 11.598,30 9.841,81 1.755,59 -74.180,06 -36.276,43 -37.903,63 75.622,22 46.771,67 28.850,55 Qua bang 2 cho thdy, dien tich ddt rimg san
xudt tang manh giai doan 2006 - 2016, dat rimg phdng hd giam. Theo bao cdo cua Sd NN&PTNT tinh Hda Binh den cudi nam 2016, dien tich cd rimg la 227.361,75 ha (bao gdm 150.554,76 ha rimg tu nhidn, 76.806,99 ha
100.000.00 80,000.00 60,000 00 40,000-00
20,000 00 H 0 0 0 ^ — • "
Nguon: SdNdng nghiep&PTNT Hoa Binh.
rimg trdng), dien tich dat chua cd rung la 112.776,21 ha. Dien tich dat chua cd rCmg Idn, dac biet la dat quy hoach rimg san xudt cua rimg sdn xudt dang cdn nhieu ddi hdi sy dau tu de phat tridn trong thdi gian tdi (Hinh 1).
• I mm
160
Rimg dac dung Rimg pliong hg Rung san xuSl
• Rimg tu nhien • Rtmg trong » Dat chira co rimg Hinh 1. Dien tich riing va dat rirng tinh Hoa Binh nam 2016 TAP CHI KHOA H Q C VA C O N G N G H E LAM N G H I E P SO 2 - 2019
Kinh te & Chinh sdch Dien tich rung trong tang ddn qua cac nam
la do tinh da cd nhiSu ehlnh sach khuyen khich bao vg va phat trign rimg nhu: Cac chinh sach hudng lgi tir rimg; chinh sach vay vdn phat trien viing nguyen lieu, chinh sach hd trg phat trien sdn xuat gdn vdi chd bien, tidu thy san pham ldm san. Cimg vdi do, nhigu du an dugc trign khai nhu: Dy an trdng mdi 5 trieu ha rung; phat trien rung nguyen lieu, rimg phdng hd Idng ghep vdi cac Chuang trinh 472, 135, chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo, vay vdn ixu dai de trdng rimg tir ngudn vdn Trung uong, ngdn sach dia phuang, vdn tin dung tao didu kien cho ngudi ddn phat trien kinh te rimg, gdn bd Bang 3. Tinh hinh giao dat giao ru-ng
vai rung.
Hien tai tren dia ban tinh Hda Binh cd 04 BQL rimg ddc dung thudc chi cue Kidm Idm quan ly, 01 BQL rimg phdng hg rdt xung ydu long hg sdng Da, 01 Cdng ty lam nghiep Hod Binh thudc Tdng cdng ty Ldm nghigp Viet Nam vdi 7 lam trudng. Nghe rimg cua Hoa Binh phat trien kha hang nam dien tich trdng mdi va trdng lai dat tir 7.000 den 9.000 ha.
Tdng dien tich dat lam nghiep da giao, cho thue, cho cac ca quan hoac td churc quan ly la 340.137,96 ha. Ddi tugng dugc giao cho thue la cac ban quan ly, ngudi dan, doanh nghiep (Bang 3).
trgn dia ban tinh Hoa Binh nam 2016 Dcm vi tinh: ha
N^i dung
Tong DT rirag va
dat lam nghiep Dat CO rung So lutfng Ty trong
(%)
TongRimg ty nhien
Rirng trong
Dat chira cd rimg Tdng
Trong do: Dien tich rimg ngoai lam nghiep
347.488,13 100 7.iiO,n 2,12
234.478,41 152.531,62 7.12S.2B 1976,86
81.955,79 113.000,72 5.148,42 224,89 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BQL rirag DD BQL rirag PH Doanh nghiep NN DN ngoai QD DN 100% von nuoc ngoai Ho gia dinh,
canhln Cong dong Don vi vii trang Cac to chirc khac UBND
40.530,60 2.410,72 11.197,72 2.144,15 68,13 141.916,58 49.922,10 615,14 383,92 98.299,07
11,66 0,69 3,22 0,62 0,02 40,84 14,37 0,18 0,11 28,29
34.592,61 2.166,03 6.226,77 660,50 43,92 91.753,66 41.553,21 104,22 190,08 57.196,41
33.329,96 1.656,52 1.469,46 406,99 32,07 38.871,25 35.321,00 0,63 120,39 41.323,35
1.262,65 509,51 4757,31 253,51 11,85 52.882,41 6.232,21 103,59 69,69 15.873,06
5.937,99 244,69 4.970,95 1.483,65 24,21 50.162,92 8.368,89 510,92 193,84 41.102,66 Qua bdng 3 cho thay, dien tich rOmg ciia tinh
Hda Binh dugc quan ly bdi nhidu dan vi, ddi tugng khac nhau nhung chu yeu do Hd gia dmh, ca nhan (141.916,58 ha). Dien tich do UBND quan ly van cdn tuang doi Idn so vdi tdng dien tich rirag.
b. Tinh hinh phdt tnen rung sdn xudt tinh Hoa Binh
Trong giai doan hi nam 2014 - 2016, dien tich rimg trdng san xudt mdi tt-ong giai doan 2014 - 2016 tinh Hda Binh tang cao nhat trong
Nguon: Sd Nong nghiep&PTNT Hoa Binh.
3 loai rung. Theo nien giam thdng ke nam 2016, dien tich rung h-dng la rimg san xuat tang thdm 13.882 ha. Dien tich rimg trdng tang chii ygu la rung san xudt. Trong qua trinh phdt trign rimg sdn xuat, ngoai viec chudn bi cac digu kien thye hien cac hoat dgng trdng rimg, tinh da quan tam dgn phat h-ign cac cac nha may san xudt, chd bidn lam san va thi trudng dau ra. Huy dgng cac ngudn luc dh hd trg vd gidng, ky thuat... thuc hien bao ve va phat tridn rimg sdn xudt.
TAP C H i KHOA H O C VA C 6 N G NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019 161
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
Gia tri san xudt lam nghiep nam 2016 ciia thac go va Idm san la rdt Idn, dat 894.892 trieu tinh Hoa Binh the hien qua bang 4. Trong tdng ddng vao nam 2016.
gia tri sdn xudt ldm nghiep thi gia tri rir khai
Bang 4. Gia tri san xuat lam nghiep Hoa Binh nam 2016
Dan vi tinh: Trieu dong
TT N6i dung So tien
1 Trdng va cham sdc rimg 2 Khai thac gd va lam san khac
3 Thu nhat san pham tir rimg khdng phai gd va lam san khac 4 Dich vu lam nghiep
92.419 894.892 46.945 15.963
Tong 1.050.219
Nguon: Nien gidm thong ke Hoa Binh ndm 2017
Mdt sd huyen nhu Lac Thuy, Mai Chdu, Tdn Lac, Lac Son da xac dinh dugc the manh hr kinh te ddi rimg, da trong mdt sd cay trdng thich hgp dem lai hieu qua kinh td cao nhu;
Ludng, Lat, Keo, Lim... Nam 2014, toan tinh khai thac 2.500 - 3.000 ha rimg trdng vdi san lugng khoang 135.000 m'', 12 trieu cay tre, niia.
Nam 2017, cac dia phuang trong tinh trdng dugc 7.528 ha rimg tap trung, 220 nghin cay phan tan, vugt 5,5% kd hoach nam. Theo sd lieu thdng ke nam 2016, tinh Hda Binh cd do che phu rimg la 51,2%.
De ndng cao hieu qud trdng rimg kinh te, nganh ndng nghiep tinh hudng ddn ndng ddn ap dyng ddng bd cac tien bd ky thuat trdng rung gd Idn mgc nhanh. Nhieu hd d cac huyen Tdn Lac, Lac Thiiy, Kim Bdi trdng cac gidng Keo lai, cdy phat trien tdt, bd rg phat trien, khdng bl cut nggn, khdng bi sau benh, cdy sinh trudng manh gdp 1 , 5 - 2 Idn gidng keo cii tai dia phuang; tang nang sudt Idn 20% so vdi cac gidng dai tra.
3.2. Tinh hinh huy dong ngu6n tai chinh cho phat trien rung san xudt tai Hoa Binh
Phat bidn rimg san xudt da cd nhidu thanh cdng, dien tich rOmg san xudt tang hang nam nhung vdn cdn nhidu vdn dg khd khan, dac biet la viec huy ddng tai chinh cho phat tridn rimg san xuat. Theo niem giam thdng kd tinh Hda Binh, vdn san xudt kinh doanh binh qudn nam cua cac doanh nghigp dang boat ddng trong nganh Lam nghiep va boat ddng dich vu cd
lien quan tir nam 2014 den 2016 lan lugt la 380,32 ty ddng, 214,33 ty ddng, 206 ty ddng.
Tinh den hgt nam 2016, nganh ndng, ldm nghiep va thuy san chua thu hiit dugc du an ddu tu tryc tidp nude ngodi nao.
Tuy nhign, tinh Hda Binh da Idng ghep boat ddng phat trien rimg san xuat vdi mdt sd chuang trinh, dy an Idn ciia Nha nude nhu Du an 661 (giai doan 1998 - 2010), Kg hoach bao ve va phat trign rimg giai doan 2011 - 2020;
Mgt sd Du an sir dyng ngudn vdn ODA do Chinh phu cac nude tai trg nhu dy an Renfoda, KFW7... Ngoai ra, cdn nguon tai chinh tir chinh sach chi trd dich vu mdi trudng rimg, ngudn vdn ddu tu tir ngudi dan va mdt sd ngudn khdc. Mdt trong nhiing ydu td thanh cdng la tinh Hda Binh luon tao dieu kien cho chu rimg chu ddng td chiic sdn xudt theo hudng xa hdi hda sdn xudt lam nghiep; cac chuang trinh, du an ldm nghiep ddu tu cho bao ve vd phat tridn rimg dugc qudn ly, nghiem thu chat che.
Mdt sd ngudn tai chinh ddu tu cho phat tridn rung san xudt tieu bigu cua tinh Hda Binh:
- Chuang trinh. du dn dd hd tra vdn cho phdt trien rimg sdn xudt: PAM, Chuang trinh 661, Chuang hinh 327, Chuang trinh 135...
Nhieu md hinh sdn xuat nhu keo, md, xoan, tre, ludng, cdy an qua... dugc chuygn giao cho cac xa viing cao tai 2 huyen Da Bdc va Cao Phong. Cac chinh sach nay giiip cho dien tich ning h-ong tang Ign rd ret. D6n nay, mgt sd dien tich rung trong da va dang ddn tudi khai 162 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2 0 1 9
Kinh te & Chinh sdch thac va gdp mdt phan khdng nhd vao thu nhdp
cua cac hd trdng rimg.
- Nguon hd tra tu NSNN cho phdt trien rung sdn xudt: Ngay 01/08/2016, UBND tinh Hda Binh ban hanh Quydt dinh sd 35/2016/QD- UBND vg quy dinh Ioai cay, mat do, md hinh, CO cdu cay trdng va muc do hd trg dau tu thugc du an bao ve va phat trign rimg tinh Hda Binh giai dgan 2016 - 2020 va cac chuang trinh dy an khac sir dung vdn hd trg ddu tu tir NSNN hen dia ban tinh Hda Binh. Miic hd trg tir nha nude cho trdng rimg sdn xudt vdi Iha rimg dugc phan chia: Hd trg ddu tu trdng rimg san xudt ddi vdi cac xa thudc viing II, III (Theo Nghi djnh sd 75/2015/ND-CP ngay 09/9/2015 cua Chinh phii) la: 6.300.000 ddng; Ho trg ddu tu trdng rimg san xuat.
- Nguon ddu tu, ho tra tic tin dung: Nam 2015, Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh sd 75/2015/ND-CP vd ca che, chinh sach bao ve va phat trign rirng, gan vdi chinh sdch gidm ngheo nhanh, bgn viing va hd trg ddng bao ddn tdc thidu sd giai doan 2015 - 2020 (Nghi djnh 75). Hd gia dinh, cdng ddng ddn cu thdn dugc giao cdn bao ve rimg hoac nhan khoan rimg se dugc hd trg vay vdn khdng cd tai san bao dam den 50 trieu ddng trong 10 nam dd chan nudi hau, bd, gia siic khac. Cac hd cdn dugc hd trg hr 5 - 10 trieu ddng/ha dd mua cdy gidng, phdn bdn, chi phi mot phan nhdn cdng bang tien khi trdng cdy ldy gd, cay ldm san ngoai gd. Ngoai miic hd trg neu trdn, hd gia dinh ngheo tham gia trdng rimg cdn dugc trg cap 15 kg gao/khau/thang hoac bang ridn tuong iing vdi gia tri 15 kg gao/khdu/thang tai thdi digm trg cap trong thdi gian chua ty hie dugc luang thye trong thdi gian khdng qua 7 nam. Dac biet, can cir thiet kg - dy toan trdng rimg, cac
hg gia dinh cd thg dugc hd trg vay vdn khdng cdn tai san bao dam phdn gia tri dau tu cdn lai tir Ngdn hang Chinh sach xa hdi hoac Ngdn hang Ndng nghiep vd Phat trien ndng thdn tdi da 15 trieu ddng/ha vdi lai sudt 1,2%/nam (tir khi trdng ddn khi khai thac tinh theo chu ky kinh doanh cua lodi cay trdng nhung khdng qua 20 nam), Ciing theo Nghi djnh nay, hd gia dinh thye hien bao ve rimg se dugc hd trg 400.000 ddng/ha/nam; hd h-g trdng rimg bd sung tdi da 1,6 trieu ddng/ha/nam trong 3 nam dau va 600.000 ddng/ha/nam cho 3 nam tiep theo.
- Nguon ddu tu td ngudi ddn, hg gia dinh:
Ngoai phan hd trg tryc tiep tir phia Nha nude, ngudi ddn da chu ddng vay vdn ngdn hang dd trdng ning kinh te, ca tinh cd tren 1.000 trang trai lam nghigp quy md vira va nhd, thu nhap tir cac trang trai trung binh tir 50 - 60 trieu ddng. Ben canh do, cac td chiic, hd gia dirih, ca nhan trdng rimg san xuat (kg ca trdng cay cdng nghigp ldu nam, cay an qua, cay dac san va cdy lam t h u d c . ) va phat trien cac co sd che bien lam ndng sdn dugc hudng cac che do uu dai theo quy dinh ciia Luat khuygn khich dau tu trong nude (sua ddi), dugc vay vdn tii quy hd trg dau tu qudc gia, cac ngudn vdn tin dung uu dai khac.
Theo ket qua khao sat vdi cac hd ca nhan tryc tiep thuc hien trdng rimg san xuat cua nhdm nghidn cim, loai cdy dugc lua chgn trdng nhidu nhdt hien nay d cac dia phuang cua Hda Binh la cay keo, chi phi cho Iha trdng keo mdi la khoang 20 trieu ddng/ha. Vi vdy, vdi chi phi cho 1 ha trdng keo d trdn so vdi miic hd trg tir NSNN thi ngudi trdng rimg cdn phai ty huy dgng vdn ddu tu tucmg ddi Idn dd cd thd thye hien hoat dgng sdn xudt kinh doanh tir rimg.
Bang 5. Nguon von dSu tu cho phat trign rung san xuat cua ho gia dinh TT
1 2
Noi dung Dien tich tr6ng rimg san xuit Nguon von dau tu - 7"^' ddu tu
- Dich vu mdi trudng rimg
Don vi tinh Ha 1000 dong 1000 ddng WOO ddng
Nam 2016 13,882 274.965 274 965
Nam 2017 7.407 103.653 38.406 65.247 Ngudn: Tong hap tir bdo cdo theo Quyet dinh 241 TAP C H i KHOA H O C VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019 163
Kinh te & Chinh sdch
- Ddu tu tu cdc doanh nghiep: Hoa Binh hien cd 264 co sd che bien, tigu thy lam sdn Idn, nhd va da tieu thy co bdn san lugng gd hang nam cua cac dia phuang trong tinh...
Cimg vdi viec trdng rimg, Cdng ty ldm nghiep Hda Bmh da dau tu 20 ty ddng xdy dyng riha may van gd ep thanh cd cdng sudt 300 nghin m3 go nguygn lieu/nam, chu ygu tieu thy gd nguyen lieu cho ngudi ddn trong khu v y c 3.3. Cac nhSn td anh hu-dng toi huy dgng ngudn tai chinh cho phat trien rirng san xu^t tai Hoa Binh
Dd tim higu, phdn tich cac nhan td anh hudng tdi miic do sdn long dau tu tai chinh cho phat trien rimg san xuat d Hda Binh, tac gid da tidn hanh khao sat 120 ngudi la ngudi ddn nhdn giao khoan, can bd cdng ty Lam nghiep... trdn ca sd sir dyng thang do thai do Likert 5 mirc do de khdo sat y kidn nhan dinh ciia mdi ngudi ve vdn dd nay. Tac gia da sir dyng phuang phap phan tich nhan td kham pha EFA dd nhdn dien cac nhan td anh hudng va miic do anh hudng cua nhung nhdn td do den miic san Idng dau tu tai chinh cho phat trien rimg san xuat d Hda Binh.
Tien hanh kiem dinh chdt lugng thang do bang kigm dinh Cronbach Alpha cho thdy 5 thang do deu dat dugc tieu chuan chdt lugng (tri sd Cronbach Alpha tdng thd cua cac thang do nay Idn han 0,6).
Su dung phuang phap kidm dinh KMO ddi vdi bang cac nhdn td ddc lgp cho ket qua KMO = 0,789, thod man didu kien 0,5 < KMO
< 1, do vay cd thd kgt luan la phdn tich nhdn td kham pha la thich hgp cho dii lieu thuc td.
Kidm dinh Bartlett cd kgt qua Sig. < 0,05 ndn cac bign quan sat cd tuong quan tuyen tinh vdi nhdn td dai dien.
Kiem dinh miic do giai thich cua cac bien quan sat doi vdi nhdn td dai dien cho bidt h-j sd phuang sai trich la 71,227%. Digu nay cd nghTa la 71,227% thay ddi ciia cdc nhdn td dugc giai thich bdi cac bien ddc trung (thanh phdn cua Factor).
Ket qua cua phdn tich md hinh EFA lan thir I, cac bien dac trung deu cd he sd tai nhan td
(Factor loading) Idn ban 0,5. Cd 3 nhan td dai dien cho sy sdn long tham gia ddng gdp tai chinh cho phdt triin rung sdn xudt tgi Hoa Binh vdi cac bign dac trung cua nhdn td dugc sdp xdp lai khac vdi md hinh ly thuydt ban ddu.
Nhu vay cd 3 nhan td dai dien cho cac nhan td anh hudng tdi muc dg sin long tham gia ddng gdp tai chinh cho phdt trien rimg sdn xudt tgi Hoa Binh vdi cac bidn dac trung cua nhdn td dugc sdp xdp lai khac vdi md hinh ly thuygt ban dau nhu sau:
- Nhdn to 1 (Component 1) bao gdm cac bidn: C P l , CP2, CP3, N L l , NL2, NL3. Dat ten cho nhdn td nay la XI (Chi phi dau vao va ndi luc cua nha dau tu).
- Nhdn td 2 (Component 2) bao gdm cac bien: L T l , LT2, LT3, LT4, LT5, LT6. Ddt ten cho nhan td nay la X2 (Lgi thd khi dau tu phat tridn rimg san xuat d Hda Binh).
- Nhdn td 3 (Component 3) bao gdm cac bidn: CDI, CD2, CD3, CD4. Dat tdn cho nhan to nay la X3 (Chd do chinh sach uu dai, khuydn khich cua Nha nude vdi phat trien riing san xudt).
Cac nhan td X I , X2, X3 cung dugc dinh lugng bang tinh didm trung binh ciia cac bien quan sat nam trong nhan td dd.
De nhdn dien cdc yeu to dnh hudng den su tham gia dong gop tdi chinh vdo phdt trien rung sdn xudt, mo hinh luang quan tong the co dgng:
Y - f ( X l , X 2 , X 3 )
Trong do, Y la bidn phu thudc; X I , X2, X3 la bidn ddc lap.
Viec xem xet ydu td nao that sy tac ddng den miic do tham gia ddng gop tai chinh thye hien chuang hinh mdt each hue tiep se dugc thuc hien bang phuang trinh hdi quy tuydn tinh:
Y = bo + b, XI + b2 X2 + b3X3 + Ci Trong dd cac bign dua vao phan tich hdi quy dugc xac dinh bdng each tinh didm cua nhan td. Nhan td thii I, dugc xac dinh
X, = WiiFl + ...-FWn,Fi Wlk: he sd nhdn td;
Fi: bien quan sat trong nhan td thir i.
164 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2 0 1 9
Kinh te & Chinh sdch Su dung SPSS - Reression Analysis cd ket qua dugc neu trdn bang 6 va 7:
Bang 6. Kiim dinh he s6 hoi quy (Model Summary) Model Summary"
Model R R Square 1 .721" .520 a. Predictors: (Constant), X3, X2, XI
b. Dependent Variable: Y
Bang 7.
Adjusted R Square
.508
Std. Error of the „ ^. „ ,
^ . Durbin-Watson Estimate
.7014 1.822
Nguon: Ket qud phdn tich SPSS.
Hf $6 hoi quy (CoefHcients) Coefficients^
Model 1 (Constant)
XI X2 X3
Unstandardized Coefficients n Std. Error 2.092E-17
.456 .490 .267 a. Dependent Variable. Y
.062 .062 .062 .062
Standardized Coefficients
Beta .456 .490 .267
t .000 7.331 7.868 4.297
Sig. - 1.000
.000 .000 .000
95,0% Confidence Interval forB Lower Bound -.123
.333 367 .144
Upper Bound
.123 .580 .613 .391
Bang 6 cho thdy md hinh cd R didu chinh la 0,508. Didu nay cd nghia la 50,8% thay ddi cua Miic do sdn sang tham gia ddng gdp cho phat trien rimg sdn xuat dugc giai thich bdi c a c b i d n X l , X 2 , X 3 .
Md hinh hdi quy cd dang: Y = 0,456*X1 + 0,490*X2 + 0,267*X3 + 2.092E''^
- Ca 3 bidn (XI, X2, X3) dam bao cd y nghia thdng kd vdi mirc y nghia 95%
(Significance < 0,05).
- Bign XI cd he sd tuang quan chua dugc chudn hda la 0,456. Didu nay cd nghia la khi tang them 1 didm danh gia vd Chi phi dau vao va ndi luc ciia nha ddu tu' thi mite do san long tham gia ddu tu cho phat tridn RSX tang them 0,456 didm.
Nguon: Ket qud phdn tich SPSS.
- Bien X2 cd he sd tuang quan chua dugc chudn hoa la 0,490. Didu nay cd nghia la khi tang thdm 1 digm danh gia ve Lgi the khi dau tu phat trien rimg san xuat d Hda Binh thi miic do san long tham gia dau tu cho phat tridn RSX tang them 0,490 didm.
- Bien X3 cd he sd tuang quan chua dugc chudn hda la 0,267. Digu nay cd nghia Id khi tang thgm 1 diem danh gia vg Chg do chinh sach uu dai, khuygn khich cua Nha nude vdi phat trien rung san xuat thi miic do san Idng tham gia dau tu cho phat tridn RSX tang them 0,267 digm.
Vi tri quan trgng ciia cac yeu td the hien qua bang 8.
Bang 8. Vj tri quan trong ciia cac yen to
Ten yeu to Gia tri tuyet doi Ty trong (%) XI (Chi phi dau vao va ndi luc cua nha dau tu).
X2 (Lgi the khi dau tu phat trien rimg san xuat d Hda Binh)
X3 (Che dp chinh sach uu dai, khuyen khich ciia Nha nude vdi phat trien rung san xuat^
Tong
0,456 0,490 0,267 1,213
37,59 40,39 22,02 100 Nguon: Tinh todn tuKet qud phdn tich SPSS
TAP CHI KHOA H O C VA CONG N G H E LAM N G H I E P SO 2 - 2019 165
Kinh te & Chinh sdch 3.4. Nhung thanh cdng va tdn tai a. Nhirng thdnh cdng
Viec trdng rimg kinh td d cac dia phuong dd gdp phdn giai quydt viec lam, cai thien thu nhap, xda ddi - giam ngheo cho nhigu hd ndng ddn, nhdt la ddng bao cac dan tdc mien mii.
Da cd nhieu du an ddu tu cho trdng rimg dugc thuc hien thdnh cdng d Hda Binh gdp phdn tao long tin vdi cac hg trdng rimg.
Tidm nang dd phat trien ldm nghigp rat Idn (trir nhirng thi tran) nhu quy ddt lam nghiep chigm ty le cao so vdi dien tich ddt ty nhign, sd lugng trang trai lam nghiep Idn va cd xu hudng tang.
Hda Binh cdn co nhirng ca chd, chinh sach thu biit, tao dieu kien cho cac thanh phan kinh tg ddu tu md ca sd che bign, tigu thu Idm san tai dia phuang, tiep tyc tao thgm viec lam va thu nhap dn dinh cho ngudi ddn trong khu vyc.
Hien tai, trdn dia ban tinh dang phat trien md hinh lam nghiep quy md nhd vd da mang lai nhidu ket qua tich cue, dac biet tren dia ban 2 huyen Cao Phong vd Da Bdc.
b. Nhung tdn tgi, hgn che
Vide trdng rimg thdi gian dau tu dai, van chuyen san phdm khd khan ndn gia ban cay lam nghiep thdp lam cho ddi sdng cac hd trdng rimg cdn kho khan.
Chua cd ca chd dd thu hiit doanh nghiep ddu tu vdn vao lam nghiep.
Vdn dau tu Idn, thdi gian ddu tu ddi dnh hudng nhidu ddn hd ngheo va hd thidu vdn ddu tu de thye hien trdng rimg mdi va trdng lai rimg.
Hoat ddng san xudt lam nghiep tren dia ban chu yeu la theo quy md hd gia dinh nen quy md kha nhd.
Cdng tac quan ly, giao dat lam nghiep d Hda Binh cung cdn nhung bdt cap gay khd khan cho cac td chiic, ca nhan trong qua trinh trdng, khai thac va bao ve rung.
3.5. Mot sd giai phap hoan thien cdng tac huy ddng nguon lyc tai chinh phat trien rirng san xuat tinh Hda Binh
Cdn cd cdc chinh sach phu hgp dd thu hiit vdn ddu tu vao phat tridn rimg san xuat tren dia
ban, dac biet la vdn hi doanh nghiep, nha ddu tu cd tidm luc tai chinh Idn. Thuc hien nghiem hie, diing va ddy dii cac quy dinh hien hanh dd tao sy yen tdm cho nha ddu hr gdp phdn thu hiit cac nha ddu tu, cac ngudn luc vao phat trien rimg san xuat trdn dia ban.
Cdn CO cac phuang an sir dung cd hieu qua nguon vdn ttr NSNN dd thuc hien phat trign rimg sdn xudt.
Cdn quan tdm viec dp dung cac tign bg khoa hoc - ky thudt dg thdm canh rimg vd chii h-gng trdng cdy ban dia, cdy dugc lieu, da dang cac loai cdy trdng va tao su dn dinh bdn viing cho rimg.
Thuc hien tdt chinh sach chi trd dich vy mdi trudng riing nhu: dich vu bao vd ddt, bao ve va duy tri ngudn nude, kinh doanh du lich sinh thai, hdp thy va luu giii cac bon de tang ngudn thu ngoai ngan sach Nha nude.
Lam tdt cong tac xiic tidn thuang mai, tim kidm va md rdng thi trudng tieu thy lam san rimg trdng. Mgt trong nhiing hudng di hien nay Id tang cudng va phat tndn cdng nghe che bien Idm sdn.
4. KET LUAN
Ngudn lyc tai chinh la ydu td gan kdt va phat huy hieu qua cua cac ngudn lyc khac nhu ngudn nhdn luc, vat luc va cd vai trd quyet dinh ddi vdi su phat trien lam nghiep ndi chung va he thdng rimg san xuat ndi ridng.
Qua nghign ciiu thuc trang cho thdy tinh Hda Binh da cd nhidu chinh sach khuygn khich phat trign nghe rirng, tao su yen tam va niem tin cho ngudi frong riing. Ngoai ra, tinh cdn cd nhimg ca chd, chinh sach thu hiit vdn ddu hr vao phat h-idn rimg sdn xudt trdn dia ban tao dieu kien cho cdc thanh phdn kinh tg dau tu md ca sd chd bien, tieu thu Idm san tai dja phuong, tiep hic tao thgm vide lam va thu nhdp dn dinh cho ngudi ddn trong khu vyc.
Ket qud nghidn ciiu nhimg ydu td anh hudng ddn quygt djnh ddu tu cho phat trien rung san xudt d Hda Binh cho thdy cd ba nhdn td anh hudng chinh, dd la: (1) chi phi ddu tu va ndi lyc ddu hr, (2) Lgi thg khi ddu tu phat trign rimg san xudt d Hda Binh, (3) Che do chinh 166 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019
Kinh te & Chinh sdch sach uu dai, khuydn khich ciia Nha nude vdi
phat tridn rimg sdn xudt.
Tu viec nghign ciru thye trang huy dgng cac NLTC cho phat trign rung san xuat tai Hda Binh, nhdm tac gia da dua ra mgt sd giai phap nham hoan thien cdng tac huy dgng ngudn luc tai chinh cho phat tridn rimg sdn xudt d Hda Binh trong giai doan tiep theo.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. B6 Nflng nghigp va PTNT (2013). Bdo cdo phdt trien ngdnh Ldm nghiep.
2. Bo Nong nghiep vk PTNT (2013). Di dn tdng cudng thu hiit vd qudn ly ddu lu true tiep nu&c ngodi
vdo linh vuc nong ldm ngu nghiep giai doan 2014 - 2020. dinh hudng 2030.
3. Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT (2015). Bdo cdo sahit 5 ndm thuc hien Ki hoach Bdo vi vd phdt tnen rimg giai doan 2011- 2015. Bdo cdo ngdy 9 thdng 12 ndm 2015.
4. Bp Nong nghiep va PTNT (2017). Bdo cdo trien khai thuc hien Chucmg trinh muc tieu phdt trien Ldm nghiep bin virng giai doan 2016 - 2020; tdng ket 04 ndm thuc hien du dn Tong dieu tra, kiim ke rimg todn qudc, Bdo cdo ngdy 20/07/2017.
5. Ha Cong Tuan (2015). Nhin lai ldm nghiip Viet nam giai doan 2011 - 2015. dmh hudng phdt trien ben vimg din ndm 2020.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE WILLINGNESS TO INVEST IN PRODUCTION FOREST DEVELOPMENT IN HOA BINH PROVINCE
Bui Thi Minh Nguyet*, Truong Tat Do^ Doan Thi Han', Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen\ Nguyen Thuy Dung', Dao Thi Hong'
'Vietnam National University of Forestry 'Vietnam Administration of Forestry
S U M M A R Y
Forest has an important role in the socio - economic life of nations, not only in the field of economics but also in the fields of society, environmental protection. However, in the process of developing forests in general and developing production forests in particular, there are certain difficulties m mobilizing financial resources In recent years, Hoa Binh province has mobilized some resources to develop production forests, but the result is too small for the development. In this study, the authors will analyze and analyze the situation of mobilizing financial resources, give the factors influencing the results of mobilization in the past, Identify the success and survival. From there, propose some solutions to effectively mobilize financial resources to develop production forests in Hoa Binh and other provinces in the country.
Keywords: Finance, production forest, production forest development.
Ngay nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet dinh dang
21/02/2019 27/3/2019 03/4/2019
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2019 167
