HUUNG liHG TUAN LE QUOC GIA VE ATVSLD VA PCCC LAN THIT 10
r. mHWUIOillllHIIlUCIICMIOIIIIT
THS. N G U Y E N A N H THO
Thirc trang an toan trong khai thac da
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^iing vdi su gia tang cac hoat .ddng dau t u xay d u n g ha hang giao thdng, thiiy Igi va xay dung cdng trinh, nha d cua nhan dan thi nhu cau ve da lam vat lieu xay dung ngay mdt tang cao. Viec khai thac da lam vat lieu xay dun^ dang dugc trien khai rdng khap tren hau het cac dia phuong trong ca nudc, vdi su tham gia ciia cac td chirc, ca nhan thudc mpi thanh phan kinh te. Hoat ddng nay khdng chi gdp phan giai quyet nhu cau ve vat lieu xay dung ma cdn tao ra nhieu viec lam cho hang van lao ddng d cac dja p h u o n g , trong dd chu yeu la lao ddng ndng nhan, lao ddng thii cdng sdng gan cac md da.Tuy nhien, gan day tren dja ban cac tinh Ha Nam, Nghe An, Ha TTnh, Phii Yen... da xay ra hang loat su cd sat Id tai cac md khai thac da, gay ra mdt sd vu tai nan lao ddng rat nghiem trpng, lam chet va bi thuang nhieu ngudi. Dien hinh la vu tai nan lam chet 18 ngudi tai Ban Ve (Nghe An), vu tai nan lam chet 7 ngudi va bj thuang nhieu ngudi tai md da Rii Mdc (Ha TTnh) va cac vu tai nan tai cac md da Thdng nha't (Ha Nam) va md da Hdc Triing (xa Hda Xuan Tay, Ddng Hda, Phii Yen). Qua xem xet nguyen nhan cac tai nan ke tren cung nhu qua kiem tra cdng tac dam bao an toan trong khai thac tai mdt sd dja phuong cho thay, hoat ddng khai thac da lam vat lieu xay dung (dac biet la da lam vat lieu xay dung thdng thudng) hien
Hien nay, hau het cdc mo da co quy mo khai thac khong qua 100 000m /nam thudng khong co thiet ke mo vd tien hdnh
tham do khoang san.
nay cd nhieu bat cap, tiem an nguy co mait an toan cao.
Tri/ mdt sd md Idn khai thac da lam nguyeri lieu san xuat xi mang dugc dau tu quy md, td chirc lao ddng md tuan thu day dii cac quy djnh, quy chuan ky thuat an toan tir khau khai thac, van chuye'n den che bien. Cdn lai phan Idn cac md da hien nay d cac dja phuang, dac biet la nhirng md dugc iiy ban Nhan dan tinh cap phep cd quy md k h a i t h a c n h d , k h d n g q u a 100.000 m /nam vdi thdi gian khai thac khdng qua 5 nam trong dd cd nhieu md chi cd thdi han khai thac tir 1-2 nam^
thudng tdn tai tinh trang phd bien la khdng tien hanh tham do khoang san, khdng cd thiet ke md va neu cd thi cung khdng dugc CO quan ed tha'm quyen
tham djnh theo quy dinh. Bien phap khai thac chii yeu la khau sudt, c h i e u cao va gdc ddc sudn tang khai thac khdng dap ung cac quy dinh ve an toan.
Cac md thudng khdng cd giam d d c d i e u h a n h du nang lUc chuyen mdn cung nhu nang luc q u a n ly t h e o quy djnh hien hanh.
Quan ly Nha ninrc ve an todn trong khai thac - nhirng ton tai
Theo quy djnh tai Oieu 55 cua Luat Khoang san da sua ddi, bd sung nam 2005, trach n h i e m q u a n ly Nha n u d c (QLNN) ve khoang san va khai thac khoang san dugc phan dinh nhu sau: Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi t r u d n g chju trach nhieni dugc phan djnh Nha nudc ve khoang san trong pham vi ca
m So 330 (Ur 1-15/3/2008) - LD & XH
HUUNG liHG TUAN LE QUOC GIA VE ATVSLD VA PCCC LAN THV10
nudc, trong dd cd viec cap phep khai t h a c ; Bd Cdng T h u a n g c h j u t r a c h n h i e m ve c d n g nghiep khai thac, che bien, trif khoang san lam vat lieu xay dung, khoang san lam nguyen lieu san xuat xi mang do Bd Xay dung thuc hien quan ly; Uy ban Nhan dan cac cap thuc h i e n q u a n ly Nha n u d c ve khoang san tai dia phuong theo tham quyen.
Da chii yeu la loai vat lieu xay dung thdng thudng (trif rndt sd loai da qui va md da da nam trong quy hoach lam nguyen lieu san xuat xi mang va san xuat da dp lat). Viec cap phep khai thac thudc tha'm quyen ciia Chii tjch iiy ban Nhan dan tinh, t h a n h phd true thudc Trung uang. Hd so cap phep khai thac bao gdm 5 loai giay td, trong do cd bao cao kha thi ghi thiet ke CO sd va thiet ke nay do chu dau tu phe duyet. De trien khai khai thac cac md da, cac dgn vi khai thac phai thuc hien day dii cac thii tuc theo diing cac quy chuan, tieu chuan ky thuat va cac quy djnh an toan lao ddng, bao gdm: Thiet ke khai thac; Bo nhiem Giam ddc dieu hanh md dii nang luc (phai cd chuyen mdn ve khai thac md hoac dja chait, cd kinh nghiem trong khai thac md); Cu can bd phu trach ve AT-VSLO...
N g o a i ra, khi cac dan vi dugc caip phep su dung vat lieu nd cdn phai dam bag cac yeu cau ky thuat theo thiet ke khai thac, hd chieu nd min, ngudi phu trach nd min cd chuyen m d n , d u g c d a o t a o va bd nhiem.
Tuy nhien, theo bao cao ciia cac dja phuong dugc kiem tra, hien cd gan 500 diem khai thac da lam vat lieu xay dung dugc cap phep. Trong khi dd, tinh Nghe An chi cd 79/203 diem md cd tham djnh thiet ke khai thac. Ha TTnh cd 1/64 va Ha Nam cd 3/116. Cac diem khai thac md khac cung khdng dugc khao sat tham do khoang san va tham dinh thiet ke vdi ly do la cdng suat khai thac d u d i
lOO.OOOm'^/nam (Oieu 41 Luat Khoang san) nen khdng cd co sd thiet ke md. Day cd the xem la_mdt quy djnh thieu chat che dan den viec cac dia phuang da van dung cap phep khai thac md da rat manh miin, cap phep cho nhieu don vj ciing khai thac tai mdt nai, gay nguy ca mat an toan lao ddng rat cao.
Dac biet, d nhieu noi, cd nhirng md da cd thdi han khai t h a c h a n g c h u c nam, dang dugc tien hanh khai thac vdi khdi lugng Idn, dat doanh thu cao nhu'ng van chua cd thiet ke khai thac md. Dai da sd cac md dugc caip phep vdi thdi han n g i n (tir 2-5 nam) nen khdng dau tu cho khap sat, thiet ke, trang thiet bj thiet bj, tai chinh, nhan luc de khai thac theo diing quy chuan, tieu chuan va quy djnh ve AT - VSLO hien hanh;
viec cap phep su dung vat lieu nd tai cac dia phuang (trach nhiem cua Sd Cdng nghiep) cung chi can cir vao viec dan vj cd giay phep khai thac nid ma chua quan ly chat che dieu kien nang luc can bd, ky thuat cua md. Trong qua trinh cap phep khai thac da lam VLXD thdng t h u d n g , cac ca quan QLNN cd tham quyen d dia p h u a n g thud;ng khdng tham dinh hoac tham djnh khdng ky hd sa thiet ke md cung nhu khdng kiem tra ky dieu kien nang luc cac td chirc khai thac.
Nhieu CO quan QLNN tien hanh kiem tra qua trinh khai thac mdt each rieng re vdi cac muc dich va ndi dung khac nhau, tir dd thieu su thdng nha't trong kiem tra va thieu che tai xu phat cac vi pham, dac biet la nhi/ng vi pham ve an toan.
Tat ca nhirng dieu bat cap ke tren da xuat hien tir lau, tdn tai trong nhieu nam nay va hau qua la hien tugng mat an toan trong khai thac da lam VLXD dang xay ra ngay mdt nhieu han, gay thiet hai ve ngudi, tai san va lam lang phi tai nguyen, pha vd canh quan mdi trudng.
MOt SO de xuat kien nghj
- Bd Tai Nguyen-Mdi trudng
can nghien ciru trinh Chinh phu sua ddi, bd sung Nghi djnh sd 160/2005/ND-CP dam bao viec khai thac da phai dugc khao sat, tham dd va thiet ke khai t h a c d u n g quy c h u a n , tieu chuan quy djnh va phai dugc cac CO quan, td chu'c cd tham quyen phe duyet chat che;
- Bd Cdng Thuang va Bd Xay dung can hudng dan cu the, chat che viec lap bao cao kha thi, thiet ke ca sd va quan ly chat che hoat ddng thiet ke khai thac cac md da d tat ca cac cap trii' lugng md;
- Cac dja phuang can sdm cd quy hoach viing nguyen lieu da lam vat lieu thdng thudng, tren co sd dd chi cho phep cac dan vj cd nang luc ve ky thuat.
cdng nghe, tai chinh va can bd mdi dugc phep td chuc khai thac dam bao an toan, hieu qua;
- De khac phuc tinh trang Idn xdn trong khai thac da hien nay, de nghj cac dja phuang ra soat lai cac don vi dang dugc cap phep, can thiet phai thu hdi giay phep ciia nhung co sd thieu nang luc, khai thac da khdng dung quy chuan, tieu chuan an toan;
- Can tang cudng cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra cac hojit d d n g k h a i t h a c , che b i e n khoang san tren pham vi ca nudc, dac biet chii trgng vao cac dja phuang tap trung nhieu cac md da, md khoang san ran.
Mong r&ng riit kinh nghiem tir nhi/ng vu tai nan nghiem trgng vira qua, cac ca quan quan ly ve khai thac da va chinh quyen cac dja phuang se sdm cd nhi/ng bien phap nham dam bao an toan lao ddng cho ngudi lao ddng tren cac md da, ddng thdi quan ly chat che, tiet kiem va khai thac hieu qua tai nguyen khoang san, bao ve mdi trudng de cudc sdng cua ngudi dan lam da va sdng quanh nhung md da thuc su hudng Igi tren n g u d n t a i nguyen cua dat nudc.>
