I DliB/liN«.THitMHHM
Thuc day xuat khau mat hang cao su cua Viet Nam den 2 0 2 0
• ThS. VU VAN H O N G TTid9ng BH Thddng mgi
1.. XK m i t h i n g cao su giai doan 2007 - 2012
Sau hdn 5 nam gia n h i p WTO, XK cao su nhin chung tang trffdng dn dinh c i vd Iffdng va kim nggch. Rieng nam 2008.
do tinh hinh kinh te thd gidi cd nhidu bat Idi nen XK cd p h i n giam Slit, s i n xuit d td cung nhff mdt sd nganh sd dyng nguydn lifu d i u v i o la cao su ban che. VSn de dgt ra ddi vdi mat hing nay l i Viet Nam XK mdi chi d dgng sd che. can phil d i u tff cdng nghiep che blen, Udn tdi XK cic t h i n h p h i m td mu cao su mang lai gii tri gia ting cao hdn, vda thdc day cic nganh cdng nghidp p h i t trien, vffa dem Igi ldi ich kinh td nhidu hdn cho ngffdi trdng cao su (xem bdng 1).
Cay cao su - ngu&j Ipi f^iat frran Idnh ^cda Vi$t Nam. Anh: S. T sang thi trffdng Tnmg Qudc
(khoing 60%). Khi gii cao su tang cao ngudi d i n thffdng se p h i bd cic logl ciy trdng khic cd thu n h i p thap dd trdng ciy cao su. dan den thffc trgng cung Bing 1: lUfng vitlinngfchiU(cit»gialiloyR20in
nga*
Llidng (Nghln tin) Kimng^ch (Tn»i USD)
2X7 719 1.296,5
200S
644 1.675
2009
731 1.227
2010
773 2.321
2011
846 3.263
2012 2012 1.101 2.826 Ngudn: Agrolnh, t6ng hdp sdll$u cOa fSng ci/c Hii quan ve thi trffdng ueu thy. hifn
cd 80 - 90% cao su Viet. Nam dinh cho XK, trong dd, -chd ydu
vffdt ciu. diy gia xudng v i hifn tff^g "ddpc mda m i t gii" hoan t o i n cd th^ xiy ra. Vi cung
chinh vi Iy do tren, cao su l i mat hing cd sU bien ddng gii khd Iffdng n h i t trong cac mat hing ndng s i n XK. Vi the. cic DN Vift Nam ndn tham gia s i n giao dich n h i m myc dich cap n h i t gii c i minh bach, nhdng thdng tin cda thj trffdng trong va ngoii nffdc. tff dd n h i n dinh dffpc cic thuin Ipi cdng nhff rui ro phyc vy vife xay dvdig kd hogch kinh doanh.
M^c du cd ngudn nguydn lidu cao su td nhieh ddi dao, song c i c s i n pham cao su XK cda nffdc ta chd yeu dffdi dgng s i n phim sd che, nguydn Ilfu thd...
Ve cd cau thi trffdng XK, mat h i n g n i y chd yfu xuit sang Trung Qudc nen
Tinil8IMISo1+2/2013 I 19
I DJlUJfNftTHAMHTffU |
C 3 ^ khi thj trffdng n a y g a p khd k h i n , ngay I$p tdc XK cao su c d a V i f t Nam g^p khd k h i n Cxem bdng 2).
2 . G l i l p h i p t h u c d i y XK djTn 2 0 2 0
2.1. Gi&i phdp cho khdu s&n xudt. ch4 biin cao su
- Tang cildng cung cap cao su nguydn lt$w
+ Tldp l y c p h i t tridn cao s u theo Quydt d|nh s d 7 5 0 / Q D - T r g ngay 0 3 / 6 / 2 0 0 9 cda Thd tUdng C h i n h phu vd phd d u y f t Quy h o g c h p h i t tridn c a o su d d n n i m 2 0 1 5 va t i m n h i n d d n n i m 2 0 2 0 . Chd trpng c a c h l f n p h i p t h d m c a n h n h i m t a n g n a n g s u i t md.
P h i t tridn cao su p h i l t h y c h l f n nghidm ng^t theo quy trinh ky t h u i t trdng mdl. c h a m sdc v i khal thac vffdn c i y v i d i m b i o h i f u q u i k i n h td. x i h§l, mdl trffdng. DUa c i c gidng mdl Udn tidn cd n i n g s u i t cao v i o cd c i u c a y trdng mdl va t i l c a n h t h e o cd c i u bp gidng phu h^p vdi tdng viing sinh I h i l d i dffpc t a p d o i n c d n g n g h i e p cao s u Vift Nam b a n h i n h n i m 2 0 0 6 . Tdng budc t h i m c a n h t i n g n i n g s u i t vUdn c i y dd dda n a n g s u i t b i n h q u i n d g t trdn 1.8 t i n / h a v u n g Tay Nguydn v a t r e n 2 t a n / h a vung Ddng N a m bp.
- P h d t trien cdng nghi$p che bien:
Cdng n g h f c h e b l e n m d cao
P'
im.inli b.io gom cii go cat) su va mil l a o su B e n t a n h dn, (."imi iiftfng k h a u q u a n ly cliat Iffdng I h c o tieu c h u a n q u d c gia TCVN 3 7 6 9 - 2 0 0 4 Nha nffdc c.-ui co qu\ d i n h cu t h e ve viec r h i r o DN n a o da t h o n g q u a kiccu Ira
< liat Iffdng s a n pliani h o a r ilap lfng dffdc ( a c y r u c a u k\ ilui.il niifi dififi Li.lii U r n s.in | ) h , u u r u a uiuih lir'u d i i k i n n.iv
- Cai iK-n t o i i i ; n u t i r , l a o tO c a u s a n p h a m htlp ly d c l u m g c a o gia tri XK. ironii do mu i oin SVR 31., SVK 51. cluciii klio.nm 40'fi; mu k e m 20"M. nui t a o su
Bing 2: Thi truilniig KK cao su chinh cua Vi$t Nam nfim 2011 Th| tnidng
NK Tninq Qufic Malaysia Oil Loan Han Qu5c SI3c
Lii9r«XK (Bh) 437.695
51.830 30.128 30.103' •:
25.513
Kim ngach (1000 USD)
1 712 767 212 698 136 723 121 336 118.757
Th| ph5n v€ kim ngach
69.20 7.35 4,73 4,19 4,10 Nguon: Agrolnfo, tSng hpp s6lleu0a Jong cue Hai quan 201 THinm6RmSfi1+2/2013
kv lliiial iiSS, SR va SVR 10.
SVK:^0 < hi-un k h o . i n g 4 0 % Iir M.iv d r n n/im 2 0 2 0 . phai (1.1 u nr lanii Ihf'-ni c d n g s u i t che hi.'n \. 5 0 0 0 0 0 t a n mu khii/n.^Ni Doi vdi c a o su dai (Urn (]uy nio n h a m a y cd cdng suat Iff 6 , 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 0 t a n / n a m . c a o su tuni d i e n c d n g suat tif 1.200 - 1.500 l i n / n 5 m . ddi veil nh^r^^ n h a m a y d a xay dUng CIU iH'p t u c n a n g c a p , hoan ( h i n h iliici bl. d o n g bd hoa day r l i i u r n l u a n Um quy I n n h ky iliu.n \.i (ju.m h . ihffc hien viec kiriii p t i a m <a() su .\K Xay dUng c u - n h a nuiy s a n \ u a t s a m !6p6 to, \ c ni.iy . dffa ty Irong sil d u n g mu c a o su Irong nffdc len loi tliuHi 30'Ni v a o n 5 m 2020.
2 . 2 . Gidi phdp xuc tien thu!(fng mai vd sdn pham
- I'hat iricn Un tnrdng XK.
Tnfdc h e l . giff vifng va phat huy c a c thi Irffdng d a n g NK khdi Iffcfng Idn va d n d i n h nhff thi trffdng T m n g Q u d c , Singapore.
H d n g Kdng. H a n Q u d c : md long thi trffdng s a n g k h u vffc cac nffdc H o a Ky. EU..,. Linh hoat d i e u c h i n h hffdng t h a m n h a p thj Irffdng va k h d i Iffpng XK n h i m h a n c h e va g i i m Ihieu c a c bat
DliU/rNallUlNNTVU G
ldi trffdc nhffng bidn dfng cda cung - ciu do tac d0ng d^t ngdt cua cac yeu td chinh trj, kinh td va thdi tiet gay ra. Nhi nffdc cin tang cffdng hd trd nganh cao su phit trien thj trffdng XK thong qua chffdng trinh xuc tien thitdng mai Lrong didm qudc gia.
- Phdf trWn va da dg.ng hoa sail pham.
De day manh .XK cao su Iff nhien mdt each Ijdn vdng thi phai diu tif cong nghf mdi dd tang ty trpng san icuit c i c logi cao su k\' thua I nhff RSS, SVRCV 60. 50,,. .Xiy dUng mdi va ndng cap thidt bJ cho cac nha m i y che bidn mu cao su de da dang hda s i n ph^m XK va Iinh hogt trong cd c i u s i n pham che bien. Dd thay ddi cd ciu s i n pham cao su, Nhi nffdc phii Iffa chpn mdt sd DN cd k h i nang vd tai chinh va cd chinh sach ffU tidn vay vdn trong quy hd trp phat liien, ho trp Iii suit tin dung de tao dieu kidn cho cic DN n i y d i u tff n h i m chuyen doi cd cau s i n pham.
- Day mg.nh thu hilt ddu tu ntidc ngoat
Nhi nffdc c i n glim thud NK ddi vdi cic nguydn lieu cho s i n xuat c i c s i n pham cao su ma trong nffdc chua s i n xuit dffpc nhff d i y thdp tanh. v i i manh, hoa chat, cac sSn pham y te.
de kich thich san xua't san pham XK,
2.3. Cdc chinh $dch nham.
cdi thien moi tnidng kinh doanh
- Ndng cao vai tro cua hiep hoi sdn xudt vd XK cao su.
De nang cao hdn nffa vai tro cua hiep hoi va de phat Lrien bdn vffng nganh cao su Viet Nam, hiep hpi cao su Viet Nam cin m6 rpng mang Iffdi hoi vien den cac DN manh de lam chd dffa phat
Qhao ffaary nydi hay hoaT)§,
M Hf)h fhaob Vief JS^n) hao hoat) dot) |S&.
M<^ ^<^oc at)h h^f)§. "'
§4 dai) tpc wpf t)ha paT)§i pd n)(h)^ ffoao-
M p N G T i r d N G tridn cao su tieu didn va cac DN
nhd. vda. Tit)ng dii hgn, hlf p hpi khuydn khich md hinh Hdn kdt giffa DN va ndng d i n tidu didn thinh I^p cic Cty cd phin, trong dd ngffdi dan ddng gdp quydn sd dung d i t v i DN d i m b i o cung cip vdn. ciy gidng, vit tff, hffdng d i n ky thugt. sd che, chd bidn v i kinh doanh.
- Phdt trien ngudn nh&n li/c.
Gia tang quy md dio tgo cdng nhan trong trot, cdng nhan khai thic mit cao su thdng qua cic chffdng trinh khuydn ndng.
Chffdng trinh n i y c i n trien khai rdng rai ddn cac hd lieu dien de thdng qua dd nang cao nang suit cua toin bp nganh cao su. Cic hoat ddng khi^en ndng can dffa vio chffdng trinh ho trd viing de trinh bi vi phgm ngi^dn tic hd trd ndng nghiep theo quy dinh cua WTO. Nha nffdc ho trp mdt phan kinh phi cung vdi cdc DN
dd dio tgo cdng n h i n chd bidn mu cao su, cdng n h i n chd blen go cao su v i cdng nhin trong cic nginh cdng nghiep s i n xual cic s i n ph^m td cao su.
Ddy mqnh lien k^t giUa chi biin vdi phdt trien vung nguydn li^u.
Cic Cty lien doanh s i n xuat cic s i n phim Iff cao su d i phit trien nhanh trong nhdng n i m gin diy. Dieu dd cd t^hia l i mpt phin s i n phim mu cao su dffpc sd dung nhidu hdn tai thi tiffdng trong nffdc de lam nguyen lieu cho cac nha may. Mac du thi p h i n cao su nguyen lieu thd d thi trffdng trong nffdc cdn khidm tdn so vdi thi trffdng XK, nhffng neu cic Cty dffpc dau tff thich dang hdn nda thi t^ trpng XK cao su nguyen lifu thd sd gidm xudng do cic s i n pham cua cdng nghiep chd bidn cao su phit trien v i cd k h i nang XK dffpc •
XUAN NONG
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^^K-A'-i'; I AUG GIAI
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THII0HGMUSOH2/2013 1 2 1
