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DANH GIA MlfC DO SAN SANG CUA CAC YEU TO ANH HlJCfNG DEN
TRIEN KHAI MO HINH KHOA HOC TRlJC TUYEN MOf DAI TRA (MOOC):
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Muc deu nghien ctfu nh5m xac dinh va do Iffdng mtfc do sSn sang cua cac ye'u td'dnh hffdng de'n trien khai md hinh giao due trtfc tuye'n MOOC. So Heu dtfdc thu tbSp thdng qua tra ldi bdng cau hdi gom 245 phie'u khao sat, sau dd dtfdc xtf ly bang phan mem phan tich thd'ng kd SPSS 20.0, dffdc do lffdng do tin cliy bang he sd'Cronbachs alpha, phtfdng phap phan tich nhan toEFA va phan tich hoi quy. Kd't qua cho thay mtfc dd san sang cua 5 ye'u td' anh hffdng de'n trien khai md hinh giao due trffc tuye'n MOOC va bie'n thien ciing chilu vdi sff san sang khda hgc trtfc tuyd'n MOOC, trong dd ye'u td'cd mtfc do sSn sang cao la "ngtfdi hgc", ke'de'n la yd^u td'"ngtfcli day", "hd thd'ng quan ly", "cd sd ha t^ng" va cud'i cung la "hd trd hgc vien".
Tff khda: Md hinh giao due trtfc tuye'n, giao due Viet Nam.
1. Dat vS'nde
Nham dap tfng nhucauhgc tap trtfc tuye'n ngay cang cao d the' gidi ndi chung va Viet Nam ndi rieng, cung vdi sff bijng no cua each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 da lam cho thi trffdng giao due Viet Nam chay dua chuyen doi sang nen giao due trffc tuye'n. Qua do cho thay rang tam quan trgng cua MOOC dd'i vdi sff doi mdi trong giao due trong thdi dai mdi. Song de van hanh dffdc md hinh MOOC, hay noi each khac de phat trien md hinh hinh MOOC nay mdt each ben vtfng, phu thudc vao mtfc do sS^n sang cua cac ye'u to' anh hffdng de'n trien khai md hinh giao due trffc tuye'n MOOC.
2. Phffrfng phap nghidn cffu 2.1. Phii(fngphdp nghien cdu dinh tinh - Tdng quan cac ly thuye't va cac cdng hinh nghien ctfu trffdc, iff do dffa ra md hinh nghien ciiu de xua't.
- Phffdng phap phdng van sau cac dd'i ttfdng nhif can bd, nhan vien, giang vien. giup hinh thanli thang do cho cac bie'n trong md hinh nghien ciiu.
- Thie't ke'bang cau hdi de' khao sat thu thap dff lieu cho bai nghidn ctfu.
2.2. Phddng phdp nghi&n cdu dinh li^ng Dtfdc thffc hien thdng qua phffdng phap thu thap sd'lieu stf dung bang cau hdi dieu tra. Toan
2 5 4 So 11 -Thang 6/2019
QUAN IR!-QUAN IV
bo dtf lieu hdi dap dtfdc xtf ly vdi phan mem SPSS 20.0. Btfdc nghien ctfu nay nhSm danh gia thang do, cac md'i quan he gitfa cac ye'u td', do Iffdng danh gia mtfc dd san sang cua cac ye'u td' anh htfdng de'n trien khai md hinh khda hgc trffc tuyen MOOC.
2.3. Nghien cdu chinh thdc
Nghien ctfu ddng ky thuat thu thap dtf lieu trtfc tie'p bang khao sat de do Itfdng danh gia mtfc dd sJn sang cua cac yeu to' anh hffdng de'n irien khai md hinh khda hgc trffc tuye'n MOOC gdm 5 thanh phan vdi 37 bie'n quan sat. Cac tap bie'n quan sat cu the dffdc do Iffdng tren thang do Likert 5 mtfc do tff 1 = rat it san sang den 5 = san sang rat nhieu. Dien dat va ma hda bhng cau hdi de' phuc vu cho viec xtf ly dff lieu, cac phffdng phap danh gia thang do.
3. Ket qua nghien cffu 3.1. Dac diem mdu khdo sdt
245 so'phie'u hdp le dffdc nhap lieu de kie'm tra so Ueu chie'm 90,7% tren tong so' phie'u phat ra.
Theo dd sd' phie'u phat ra cho 11 ddn vi, trong dd ddn vi cd so phie'u thu dffdc cao nha't la Dai hoc Trffc tuye'n FUNIX vdi 36 phie'u chie'm 14,7%;
ddn vi cd sd' phie'u thu lai dtfdc thS'p nha't la Trtfdng GiapSchool vdi 3 phie'u chie'm 1,2%. Ve nhdm tud'i, do tudi ttf 22 de'n 25 cd 19 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 7,8%); nhdm tudi ttf 26 dd'n 30 cd 98 dd'i tffdng {chie'm 40,0%), day la nhdm tudi chie'm ty le cao nha't tren tdng sd' nhdm tudi dd'i ttfdng dtfdc khao sat; tie'p theo la nhdm tudi ttf 31 de'n 35 c6 74 dd'i tffdng (chie'm 30,2%), nhdm tudi ttf 36 de'n 40
va 44,9% ntf. Ve trinh do, cao dang la 37 ddi ttfdng (chie'm 15,1%), cd trinh do dai hoc la 126 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 51,4%), day la nhdm dd'i ttfdng chie'm ty le cao nha't trong cac nhdm trinh do cdn lai; tie'p de'n la nhdm cd trinh dp thac sy cd 73 dd'i ttfdng (chid'm 29,8%), tie'p theo la nhdm dd'i ttfdng cd trinh do tie'n sy cd 7 do'i ttfdng (chie'm 2,9%), cud'i ciing nhdm cd trinh do khac la 2 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 0,H%). Vi tri cdng tac, nhdm dd'i ttfdng lam viec d vi tri nhan vien, chuyen vidn cd 133 dd'i tffdng (chie'm 54,3%); nhdm dd'i ttfdng lam viec d vi tri giang vidn la 100 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 40,8%), tid'p de'n la nhdm dd'i tffdng lam viec d vi tri lanh dao khoa cd 3 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 1,2%), tie'p theo la nhdm dd'i ttfdng lam viec d vi tri lanh dao ddn vi cd 2 dd'i tffdng (chie'm 0,8%), cud'i cung la nhdm dd'i tffdng cdng tac d v; tri khac cd 7 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 2,9%). Va cudi cung la loai hinh dao tao, dd'i ttfdng lam viec tai trffcfng cdng ISp cd 52 dd'i tffdng va trffdng dao tao tff thuc cd 193 dd'i ttfdng ty le ttfdng tfng la 21,2% va 78,8%.
3.2. Ddnh gid dg tin cdy, gid tri thang do vd mo hinh nghien cdu
3.2.1. Do ludng do tin cay bdng he so Cronbach's Alpha
Cac thang do deu cd he sd' Cronbach's Alpha trong khoang 0,6 de'n 0,864. Cac bie'n quan sat trong mdi thang do cung deu cd hd sd' tffdng quan bie'n tdng > 0,3. Vi vay, 5 thang do vdi 37 bid'n cdn lai dffdc gitf lai vi chung dam bao do tin cay cua thang do. (Bang 1).
Bang 1. Tong ket he so tin cdy cua cac thdnh phan thong do mile dp san sdng cua cac yeu to
STT 1 2 3 4 5
TTiang do Ngudi day Ngudi hoc He thong quan ly Co sd ha tang Ho'tro hpc vien
So bien quan sat 6 6 9 6 5
Cronbach's Alpha 0 787 0.864 0.857 0.776 0.713
H$ so ti/dng quan bien tong thap nhat 0 444
0.606 0 449 0 434 0.419 CO 40 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 16,3%) va cud'i ciing la
nhdm tudi tren 40 cd 14 dd'i ttfdng (chie'm 5,7%), day la nhdm tudi cd ty Id tha'p nha't. Ve gidi tinh, ke't qua thd'ng ke cho th^'y, cd 135 dd'i ttfdng nam va 110 dd'i tffdng nff tffdng dffdng vdi 55,1% nam
3.2.2. Phdn lich nhdn to khdm phd (EFA) Ke't qua Bang 2 cho thay mtfc gia tri Eigenvalues = 1,336 > 1, vdi phffdng phap riit trich Principal Components va phep xoay varimax, phan tich nhan td' da trich dffdc 6 ye'u to' tff 31 bie'n quan
lAP CHi CONG THIflNG
Bang 2 Matrgnntiantoda liet qua EFA
x o a y t r o n g Ma trfn xoay nhan t d
HTQL9 HTQL8 HTQL1 HTQL3 HTQL5 HTQL6 HTQL7 HTQL2 NH6 NH2 NHS NHS I^H4 NHI CSHT2 CSHT6 CSHT4 CSHT5 CSHT1 CSHT3 ND6 ND4 NDI ND5 ND2 ND3 HT3 HT1 HT4 HT2 HT6
H$sotal 1
916 896 890 689 619 613 593 578
2
,783 ,729 ,713 ,706 ,671 ,671
3
,974 ,706 ,646 ,645 ,630 ,620
4
,726 ,672 ,666 ,660 ,607 ,513
5
,718 ,704 ,694 ,653 ,626
sat vdi tdng phffdng sai trich la 53,945% > 50%, cho bie't rang 6 yd'u to' nay giai thich dffdc 53,945% bii'n thien cua dtf lieu.
3.2.3. Phdn tich hoi quy
De xdc dinh cffdng dd san sang cua cac yeutfi' anh hffdng de'n trien khai md hinh khda hgc iri/c tuye'n MOOC, stf dung phffdng trinh hdi quy tuyen tinh, trong dd cd 5 nhan to ddc lap va dffdc ky hi?i]
tffdng ffng HTQL: He thd'ng quan ly, NH: NgUcii hoc, CSHT: Cd sd ha tang, ND: Ngffdi day, HT:
Hd trd hgc vien. Md hinh hdi quy cd dang nhu"sau:
Mo hinh 1. Mo hinh hoi quy
Y6'u td'thu'nha't ngtf&ihpc: Cd he so'hoi quy Beta chuan hda ta 0,594 va Sig. = 0,000 (MiJc J nghia 1%), cho tha'y rang mtfc do sSn sang cua ye'u to' ngffdi hgc tac ddng cung chieu vdi sSn sang trie'n Idiai khda hoc trffc tuye'n MOOC. DSy la ye'u td' dffdc cac dd'i ttfdng khao sat danh gia cao nha't. Ye'u td' thtf hai ngifdi day: 06 he so hdi quy Beta chuan hda la 0,342 va Sig. = 0,000 (Mtfc y nghia 1%), cho tha'y rang mtfc At sCn sang cua ye'u to' ngtfdi day tdc ddng ciing chieu vdi sfn sang trien khai khda hgc trffc tuyen MOOC Day ta ye'u to' dffdc cac dd'i ttfdng khao sdt danh gia mtfc do sSn sang dtfng sau yeu to ngffdi hoc. Yd'u td' thtf ba h0 thd'ng quan ly: Co he sdhdi quy Beta chuan hda la 0,103 va Sig.=
0,001 (Mtfc y nghTa 1%), cho thay rang mtfc do sd'n sang cua ye'u to' hd thd'ng quan ly tac dfing cung chieu vdi sSn sang trie'n khai khda hgc tnJc tuye'n MOOC. Day la yd'u td' dtfdc cac ddi tiicfng khao sat danh gia mtfc do s3n sang dtfng sau yeu to' ngtfdi day. Yd'u to'thtf ttf cd sd ha t^ng: C6 he sd' hdi quy Beta chuan hda la va Sig. = 0,017 (Mtfc y nghTa 5%), cho tha'y r^ng mtfc do sin sang cua ye'u td' cd sd ha tang tdc ddng cung chieu vdi san sang trid'n khai khda hoc trffc tuyen
256 So 11 -Thang 6/2019
qUANTRj-qUANLY
MOOC. Day la yd'u td' dtfdc cac dd'i tttdng khao sat danh gia mffc do sfn sang dtfng sau ye'u to'he thdng quan ly. Ye'u to'thtf nam hd trd hgc vidn:
Co hd sd'hdi quy Beta chuan hda la 0,068 va Sig.
= 0,022 (Mtfc y nghTa 5%), cho thS'y rang mtfc dd sdn sang cua ye'u td'hd trd hoc vien tac ddng ciing chieu vdi sSn sang tnen khai khda hgc trtfc tuyd'n MOOC. Day la ye'u td dtfdc cac dd'i ttfdng khao sat danh gia mtfc do sSn sdng dtfng sau ciing so vdi cac yeu td' khac. (Bang 3)
ctia cac ye'u to' anh htfdng den trien khai md hinh giao due trffc tuye'n MOOC cho cac ddn vi, cdc trtfdng cung cap dich vu giao due trtfc tuye'n chiu stf tac ddng ciia 5 ye'u td', nhtf: he thd'ng quan ly, ngtfdi hoc, cd sd ha tang, ngtfdi day vd hd trd hgc vidn, nen cac ddn vi, cdc trffdng cung ci'p dich vu giao due trtfc tuye'n can cdc bidn phap nhtf sau:
Thd nhd't, ve yd'u td' ngffdi hoc, can phai giai thich rd cho ngffdi hgc mdi bat dau tham gia khda hgc can chuin bi cac thtf can thie't, ludn phai cd
Uo hlnh 1
R ,892a
R' ,795
Bang 3. He s d x d c djnti R - Square R2 dieu chinh
,791
Sal so chuan cac udc ludng ,395
Durbin-Watson 2,232
He sd' hd sd' R^ dieu chinh = 0,791, dieu nay cho thd'y rang cac bie'n ddc lap trong md hinh nghien ctfu anh hffdng tdi 79,1% sff thay ddi cua bien phu thudc, cdn lai la 20,9% bid'n ngoai md hinh ma chtfa tim dtfdc vd do sai so' ng^u nhidn.
(Bang 4).
ddng Iffc td't de' hoan thanh iron ven khda hgc, ludn cd thai do tich cffc de dat hieu qua cao trong khda hgc, ben canh dd cin phai ren luydn ky nang stf dung may tinh va stf dung mdt cdch cd hieu qua de phuc vu cho qud trinh hgc. Ngoai ra, ngffdi hgc can cd mdt phffdng phap hoc tap khoa
Mo hlnh
1 (Hang so)
HTQL NH CSHT
ND HT
Bdng H$ so chua chuan hda
B -,655 ,144 ,578 ,076 ,385 ,069
Sal so chuan ,201 ,044 ,037 ,031 ,042 ,030
4. Kiem djntt d a c o n g t u y e n H0 Sichuan hoa
Beta
,103"*
,594"*
,071"
342...
,068"
t
-3,266 3,241 15,598 2,412 9,240 2,307
Mitcy nghTa ,001 ,001 ,000 ,017 ,000 ,022
He so da cOng tuyen DQ chfp nh$n bien
,852 ,591 ,995 ,624 ,986
H$so phdng dai
1,174 1,693 1,005 1,603 1,015
He so phdng dai phffdng sai (VIF) cd gid tn <
2 dat yeu cau (VIF< 10). Vi vSy cd the ke't luan, md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh bdi khdng cd hien tffdng da cdng tuye'n, md'i quan he gitfa cdc bie'n ddc Idp khdng anh hffdng de'n ke't qua giai thich cua md hinh.
Kiem dinh T-test va phan tich Anova cho ke't qua khdng cd stf khac biet giffa ddn vi cdng tac, nhdm tuoi, trinh do chuyen mdn, vi tri cdng tdc, loai hinh dao tao de'n sin sang trien khai md hinh giao due trffc tuye'n MOOC.
4. Kd't lu§n
Ttf ke't qua nghien cffu nay, mtfc dd sdn sang
hoc theo xu htfdng trtfc tuye'n, van de nay ddn vi cung cap Idida hgc can tim hid'u ky phffdng phap nao la thuan ldi vd hidu qua cao nha't dd' tff va'n cho ngffdi hgc. Tie'p theo la ngffdi hgc can sdp xd'p lich hoc hdp ly va cd thdi gian dIu tff cho viec hgc nhieu hdn de' nam bat hd't ndi dung bai giang trong thdi gian sdm nha't Cud'i cung, de tff ddnh gid nang Iffc mdt each khach quan trong cac ky kie'm tra hgc vidn phai ludn the hien tinh trung thtfc, cd nhff vay mdi bid't dffdc nang Itfc cua ban than minh.
Thd hai, ye'u td'ngffdi day, ddn vi td chffc khda hgc can phai cdng tac ttf tffdng dd'i vdi giang vien
lAPCHlGONClHtfdNG
tham gia day hoc trffc tuye'n, cung gid'ng nhff ydu td' ngffdi hgc, ngffdi day can phai cd sff sdn sang ve ddng Itfc, bdi cd ddng Itfc thi ngtfdi day mdi nhiet huyd't vdi cdng vide giang day. Ben canh do, ngtfdi hoc can cd thdi do tich ctfc khi tham gia giang day, kd' tid'p ddn vi td chtfc trtfdc khi trien khai khda hgc trtfc tuye'n can phai md Idp dao tao ky nang trinh bay cua ngffdi day, phong each giang day de ngffdi day va phtfdng phdp giang day, trang bi td't va'n de nay ngtfdi day cd sff sdn sdng ra't cao khi giang day trffc tuye'n. Cud'i cdng, ddn vi td chtfc can md Idp bdi dffdng kie'n thtfc de' ngffdi day cd tang khd'i Itfdng kie'n thtfc phuc vu cho giang day.
Thd ba, ye'u to' he thd'ng quan ly, ddn vi td chtfc khda hgc can tham khao mdt sd' md hinh quan ly ciia nhtfng ddn vi khdc tff dd diic ke't kinh nghiem de' nang cao he thdng quanly, cd the ndi day la ye'u td' khdng kem phan quan trgng, bdi mdt he thd'ng giao due ma khdng cd sff quan ly chat che thi se trd nen tha't bai, do dd ddn vi td chtfc cdn chij trgng cdc vd'n de quan ly nhff: quan ly bd may ddn vi, quan ly ngffdi hgc, quan ly khda hoc, quan ly thdng bao, bdo cao thd'ng ke, lffu trtf dtf lieu, bao mat dtf lieu, tai nguyen dap ffng, cud'i cung diiu quan trgng hdn hd't la thdi do tich ctfc cua nhan vien hanh chinh khi thffc hien he thd'ng quSn ly nay,
Thd tu. ye'u to' cd sd ha tang trong nghidn cffu nay dffdc hoach dinh thanh 2 phan, dd la ye'u td' cd sd ha ting hien cd ciia ddn vi td chffc khda hgc va cd sd ha tang hien tai d dia phffdng, nhffng theo ke't qua nghien ctfu thi ye'u to nay dffdc ddnh gid mtfc do sdn sang tha'p hdn so vdi cac ye'u td cdn lai, do do ddn vi td chtfc khda hgc can chuan bi
nhffng gi can thiet cho cd sd ha tang nhff: iffa chon gdi dffdng truyen td'c do manh, Iffa chgn nhflng phan mem phuc vu cho giang day trffc tuy^n hieu qua va lam cho ngffdi hgc thich thu hdn, cdc phaa ctfng dffdc tich hdp day dii tieu chuan, nhff may quay, thie't bi am thanh...; can chuan bi van phong san xua't hgc lieu cd day du dao cu, trong dd ngtf&i day se la nhan vat chinh xua't hien trffdc man hinh, nd'u phdng san xua't hgc lieu bai giang video QEiy khdng dffdc chua'n bi td't thi cha't Iffdng bai gi^ng kem ttf dd khdng gay stf chu y va thich thii cho ngffdi hgc, tao nen dieu nham chan va ma't didSng iffc, thai dd ciia ngffdi hgc; cud'i ciing la thu'dng xuyen cap nhat bai giang mdi de' dem de'n thong tin mdi nhd't cho ngffdi hgc.
Thd ndm, yd'u td' hd trd hoc vidn, cd the noi day la ye'u to quan trgng bdi nd la van d^ cham sdc hgc vien nhff cham sdc khach hang, yeu lo nay chud'n bi td't mdi tao niem tin cho ngtfdilioc, cho dii cac ye'u td ndi tren chua'n bj td't nhtfng yeu td' nay khdng chua'n bi td't thi md hinh se trd nen tha't bai, bdi ngffdi hgc se khdng cd niem tm vii bd hgc, do dd ddn vi td chtfc gido due can cd dfii ngu cdn bd, nhan vien phuc vu td't van de ho ttci thffdng xuyen md cac Idp tdp hua'n de bdi dUSng nghiep vu, nhff: htfdng dan quy trinh nhdp hoc, thu tuc va phtfdng phap tie'p can mdn hoc, cac chinh sach mien giam hgc phi, len ke hoach cham sdc hoc vien vao cac ngay le, cac chtfdng trinh khuye'n mai khi hgc vien hoan ta't mon hoc vdi die'm sd'cao, va dieu ddc biet la cau ket noi giffa ngtfdi hgc va ddn vi tuye'n dung de giiip cho ngffdi hgc va ddn vi tuye'n dung cd sff Iffa chpn phti hdp, day cd the ndi la diem ndi bat trong mo hinh gido due trffc tuye'n •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Dang,L, Walts, S., & Nguyen. T (2017). Massive open online course: International experiences and implications m Vietnam. In InSite 2017 (pp. 97-115). Informing Science Institute.
2. Hodng Trong & Chu Nguyin Mong Nggc (2005). Phdn tich dif lieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS. Hd Noi: Nhd Xual bdn Thdng ki.
3. Hung, M L, Chou, C, Chen, C. H, & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale developmeni and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080-1090.
4 Tran, L. Dao, T, & Choi. Seong, (2004), E-Learning he thong ddo igo tdxa, Nhd Xudt bdn Thd'ng ke
258 So 11 -Thang 6/2019
QUAN TR!-QUANLY
Ngay nh§n bai: 6/5/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va suTa chii'a: 16/5/2019 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 26/5/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
DlJCfNG THANH NHAT Cdng ty CP Noi That Decox
ASSESSING THE READINESS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE
COURSES MODEL IN VIETNAM
• DUONG THANH NHAT Decox Furniture Joint Stock Company
ABSTRACT:
This study is to identify and measure the readiness of factors affecting die implementation of the MOOC online training & education model. The study's data were collected through 245 questionnaires, then processed by the SPSS Statistics 20.0 and the reliability of data was measured by the Cronbach's Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis and regression analysis. The results show the readiness of five factors affecting the implementation of the MOOC online education &
training model. In addition, the fluctuation of these factors concurs with the fluctuation of the MOOC online education & training model. In which, the highest readiness factor is Learners, followed by Instructors, Management System and finally Support for Learners factors.
Keywords: Online training & education, Vietnam's education system.
