1. Supplemental Irrigation
2. Bulk Density 3. Plump Grains
ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﺗ ﻡﺎﻣﺍ : ﺍ ﻲﻤﺠﺣ ﻥﺯﻭ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﺮﺛ ...
۱۰۱
ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺰﻤ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ ،ﻢﻳﺩ ﻡﺪﻨﮔ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻤﺠﺣ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺮﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ٢٩
ﻭ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ٦٥
ﺽﺮﻋ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ٥٢
ﻭ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ٢ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١٨١٠
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
٨٤
‐ ٨٣ ﻭ ٨٥
‐ ٨٤ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ .
ﻤﮑﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻴ
ﻠ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ٥ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ :
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ
) ﻢﻳﺩ ( ﻤﮑﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ، ﻴ
ﻠ ﻲ ،ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ،ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻲ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻭ ٢
ﻪﺑ ﻡﺪﻨﮔ ﻢﻗﺭ
ﻦﻳﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺎﺘﺳﻮﮔﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﻧ
‐ ١٥ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ،ﺮﻔﺻ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ
٤٠ ﻭ ٨٠ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ .
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ )
1ﻧﺍﺭﺎﺑ ﻲ (
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳ
ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ ٧٥ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺕﺮﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﺎﻫ ﺵﺎﭙﺑﺁ ﻭ ﺪ ﻲﻳ
ﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻪ ﻳ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﮏ ٦
ﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺯ ﻳ ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕ ﻱ ﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺐﺼﻧ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﻥﺎﺸﻔﺑﺁ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﺵﺎﭘ ﺏﺁ ﺶﺷﺎﭘ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻃﻮﻗ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻲ
ﺮﻄﻗ ،ﺪﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻃﻮﻗ ١٠ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺎﭙﺑﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ٢ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺎﭙﺑﺁ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻲﻃﻮﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻃﻮﻗ ﻚﻳ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻲﻃﻮﻗ ﺮﻫ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ .
ﻚـﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺑ ﻢﺨﺷ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮـﻫ ،ﺮﻟﻮـﻟ ﻭ ﻚﺴـﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻗ ﻦﻫﺁﻭﺎﮔ ﺎ
ﺩﻮﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ .
ﻪـﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﻲ
ﺪﺷ . ﺕﺮـﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ٤٠
× ٤٠
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ .
ﻦﻳﺎﻓ ﻡﺪﻨﮔ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺯﺍ
‐ ١٥ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﺎﺘﺳﻮﮔﺁ ﻭ
ﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻲﻤﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺩ
1. Sprinkler Line Source
ﺎﻨﺑ ،ﻢﻳﺩ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻢﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ٤٠٠
ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﺭﺪﻴﺳ ﻝﺰﻴﭼ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ .
ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻮﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻝﻭﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺪﻨﮔ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ،ﻩﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺵﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﺩ ٢٣ ﻥﺎﺑﺁ ١٣٨٣ ) ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ٦٥
ºC/
(١٣ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻡﻭﺩ ١٥ ﻥﺎﺑﺁ ١٣٨٤ ) ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ٤٥
ºC/ ١١ ( ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﺁ ﻲﻟﺁ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻟ ﻲﺳﺭ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯ ٤٩
/ ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻞﻛ ٠٧٧ / ﻪﺘﻳﺪﻴﺳﺍ ،ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ٨
/ ٧ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ،
dS/m٣٩٥
./ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻭ
٢٦ ﻭ ٥٦٠ ﻡﺮﮕﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ .
ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ
ﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲ
ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺕﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻣ ﻪ ﻲ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻪـﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ٦٠
،ﻪـﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ٢٤
ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ
ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺁ ﺭﺩ ١١٠ ºC
‐ ١٠٥ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲ
ﺪـﺷ . ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ
ﺯﻮﺗ ﻳ ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻦ ﺏﺁ ﻖـﻤﻋ ﺮـﻳﺯ
ﺑﺁ ﻴ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ :
dn = ( Fc −θm ) × ρb ×D / 100
:
dnﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺏﺁ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ
:
Fcﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﺣ
:
θmﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﺯﻭ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪ
:
Dﻙﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
:
ρbﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻡﺮﺟ
g cm3
ﻥﺁ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺏﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ
ﻱ ١ ﻭ ٢ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ
.
(mm)
(mm)
?C
(Kg/hl) SAS
Excel
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; ns
(g) (g)
d*
D
c c
b b
a a
e E
*
y = 0.0626x + 24.745 R2 = 0.9576
y = 0.066x + 26.704 R2 = 0.95 y = 0.0751x + 28.233
R2 = 0.9205
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mm
g
N0 N40 N80
y = 0.0931x + 24.846 R2 = 0.97 y = 0.1222x + 25.981
R2 = 0.971 y = 0.1286x + 27.053
R2 = 0.9654
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
mm
g
N0 N40 N80
kghl-1 kghl-1
kghl-1 kghl-1 kghl-1
kghl-1
Kg/hl Kg/hl
Kg/hl (Kg/hl
Kghl-1
c*
c
c b
b a
a a
d d
R2=
kghl-1
1. Sinks
(Kg/ha)
a*
a
b b
c c
d d
e e
y = 0.028x + 78.416 R2 = 0.8793 y = 0.0369x + 78.783 R2 = 0.9133 y = 0.0443x + 79.344
R2 = 0.9692
78.00 78.50 79.00 79.50 80.00 80.50 81.00 81.50 82.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mm
kg hl-1
N0 N40 N80
y = 0.0357x + 79.277 R2 = 0.958 y = 0.0531x + 79.469
R2 = 0.9982
y = 0.0254x + 78.998 R2 = 0.7422
78.5 79 79.5 80 80.5 81 81.5 82
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
mm
kg hl-1
N0 N40 N80
y = 6.398x + 1080.2 R2 = 0.9755
y = 7.2318x + 1362.7 R2 = 0.9812 y = 11.634x + 1615.8
R2 = 0.934
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mm
Kg ha-1
N0 N40 N80
y = 6.1217x + 1355.8 R2 = 0.3799 y = 14.448x + 1376.4
R2 = 0.995 y = 17.557x + 1747.1
R2 = 0.9882
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
mm
Kg ha-1 N0
N40 N80
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