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THIET K£ KHU V U ' 6 N TRONG THU" NGHIEM TAP DOAN CAY BAN DIA DAC TRU>JG CUA CAC VUNG MIEN TRONG NU^6C
TAI RlTNG QUOC GIA DEN HUNG
D a n g V a n H a \ H o a n g V a n Sam^
TS. Tntmig Dat hoc Ldm nghiep 'PGS.TS. Trudng Dai hoc Ldm nghiep T O M T A T
Khu vucm trong thu nghiem tap doan c3y ban dia dac trung ciia cac viing mien trong ca nude lai rirng Quoc gia Din Hiing c6 dien tich 9,5ha. thupc phan khu sinh thai canh quan va cai thi?n moi trucmg ciia khu Di tich Ijch sii Den Hijng - Tinh Phu Thp da dugc Bo khoa hoc v^ C6ng nghe, Bo Nong nghiep va phdt tnen nong thon v^ Uy ban nhtn dan tinh Phu Thij giao nhiem vu cho Trudng Dai hoc Uim nghiep tnen khai th\rc hien trong khu6n kho de til nghien cuu cap Nh& nuoc "Nghien curu trong thii nghiem tap doan cSy ban dia dac Irimg cua cac viing mien trong ca nuoc tai rimg Qu6c gia Den Hung". Tren co so nhiem vu ciia de tai, dac diem hien trang dieu kien lap dia ciia khu virc nghien cuu, phuang an bo cue canh quan khu vucm du^c chia thanh 9 phan khu chinh gom:
(1) Khu cay ban dia dac tnmg vtmg Tay Bac, (2) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg viing Dong BSc. (3) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg viing Trung Tam, (4) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg viing Dong bang Bac Bg, (5) khu c§y ban dja dac trung vimg Bac Trung B9. (6) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg viing Nam Trung Bo, (7) khu cay ban dja dac trung viing Tiy Nguyen, (8) khu cay ban dia dac tnmg viing Dong Nam Bo, (9) khu cay ban dia dac trung viing Tay Nam B9. Tong so loai cay trong trong khu virc 90 loai (moi viing 10 loai, m6i loai 50 cay), la nhung loai cay ban dia dac tnmg cua cac cung mien trong ca nuoc
Tur khoa: Cay bdn dia dac trung, canh quan cay xanh, rirng quoc gia Ben HUng, thiet ke, vung sinh thdi.
I. DAT VAN DE
Ci nude ta, viec nghien cihi xay dung vudn cay ban dia phuc vu cho c6ng tac nghien cuu khoa hgc, bao tdn ngudn gen va cung cap ngudn gidng cay ban dia cho trdng rimg da dugc Ihirc hien tir each day hon 40 nam.
Nhung nghien ciiu xay dung mo hinh vudn trdng tap doan cay ban dia dac tnmg cua cac viing mien trong ca nude da vira phuc vu cho nghien cihi khoa hgc, bao tdn nguon gen lai vira CO y nghTa ve van hda, canh quan moi trudng va tham quan du lich thi den nay mdi chi lan d3u tien dugc nghien ciiu d khu vuc rimg Quoc gia Dan Hiing.
Nghi6n ciiu thiat kk khu vudn trdng thu nghiem tap doan cay ban dia dac tnmg cua cac viing mien trong ca nude la mot trong nhimg chuyen da nghien cuu gop phan lam ca sd thuc hien cac nhiem vu cua de tai cap Nha nude:
"Nghien ciiu trdng thir nghiem tap do^n cay ban dia dac trung cua cac vimg mian trong ca nude tai rimg Quoc gia Dan Hiing" da duge Bd khoa hgc va Cong nghe phe duyet va giao
nhiem vu cho Trudng Dai hgc Lam nghiep trien khai thuc hien tai Quyet dinh sd 807/QD- BKHCN ngay 25 thang 3 nam 2011[3]. Ben canh phue vu cong cac nghien ciiu khoa hgc, bao ton nguon gen nhu cac vudn suu tap trdng e§y ban dia khac, khu vudn trdng thir nghiem tap doan cay ban dia tai khu rimg Qudc gia Den Hiing con nhan manh den cac y nghTa van hda, h&i hoa ve canh quan, dac biet la tai hien canh sac riing dae trung eae viing mien eua ea nude hdi tu tai khu vuc khu Di tich lich su Dan Hung.
Vi vay, de c6 duge phucmg ^n thiet ke phu hgp vdi nhiem vu nghien ciiu cua de tai va phii hgp vdi dae diem tu nhien ciing nhu tinh chat dac thu cua Rung Qudc gia Den Hung, y tudng thiat ka xay dung cua khu vudn la: xay dung khu vudn trd thanh mot vudn cay ban dia, cd canh sac cay xanh dae tnmg gan vdi cac vung mien trong ca nude gdp va phdn da dang hoa canh quan ciia khu Di tich Ijch su Dan Hiing.
Ddng thdi, day cung la nai bao tdn nguon gen cac loai cay cd gia tri phuc vu cong tSc nghien ciru khoa hgc. Du khach dan tham quan vudn
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 23
Ldm sinh
cay khong nhimg cd thi tim hiiu ve gia tri cac loai cay ban dia quy, duge thudng thiic ve dep dae s k cua cac loai cay e6i dac tnmg cua cac vung mien ma con dugc sdng trong long thien nhian va co dugc nhirng giay phUt thang hoa va mat tinh thin giiip I'ch cho viec tilp thu cae noi dung van hoa khac tot hon.
II. DOI TlTOfNG, NOI DUNG VA FHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Doi tu-ffng nghien cihi
Doi tugng nghien ciiu chii yeu eiia bai b^o la b6 cue va mo hinh canh quan khu vudn tr6ng tap doan cay ban dia dac tnmg ciia cac viing mien trong ca nude.
2.2. Ngi dung nghien cihi
Danh gia hien trang khu dat, dieu kien lap dia, xay dimg phuang an bd cue tong the, phucmg an thiet ke canh quan cSy xanh va mo hinh cac diem canh.
2.3. Phuong phap nghien cuu 2.3.1. Pliuang phap ke thira:
Thu thap cac loai tai lieu, ban do lien quan den khu quy hoach thiet ka luu trir tai khu Di tj'ch lich su Dan Hiing, tinh Phii Thg, gdm- Ho so Quy hoach phat trien khu Di tich lich su Dan Hung - tinh Phu Thg din nam 2015[1];
ban do hien trang rimg thugc Rimg Quoc gia Den Hting nam 2004; ban dd dia hinh ty le 1/2000 do Cong ty co phan tu van Xay dimg CO sd ha t5ng Phu Thg thuc hien nam 2009[4];
thuyat minh de tai cap Nha nude "Nghien eihi trong thir nghiem tap doan cay ban dia dae tnmg cac vimg mien trong ca nude tai Rimg quoc gia Din Hiing[6]; tai lieu hdi thao xac dinh tieu chi va danh luc cac loai cay ban dia dac trung cac viing miin trong ca nude[7].
2.3.2. Phuang phap ngogi nghiep:
Vi tri, ranh gidi va dien tich cua khu vuc nghian ciiu dugc xac dinh dua tren co sd m6c va ranh gidi phan 16 Rimg Qu6e gia Din Hung tren ban do hien trang rimg va m6e gidi d thuc dia[5].
- Dieu tra hien trang thuc vat rimg bang phuang phap dilu tra theo tuyln phong xa va
tuyen song song.
- Cdng cu chu yau cho cong tac dilu tra gdm: May GPS, may toan dac dien tii TC-600, may anh ky thuat so, cac loai thudc do va cac mau bang biau thiet ke .
5.5. PImang phap noi nghiep:
- Phan tich tdng hgp tai lieu va xay d\mg phuang an thiet ka. Cdng cu chii yeu cho noi dung nay la may tinh va cae phan mam h6 tro ve do hga va xit ly hinh anh: Mapinfor, Autocad, 3ds.max, Photoshop.
- Hoi thao lira chgn phucmg an thiet ke.
BDL KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU V A THAO LUAN 3.1. Dac di£m ctf ban cua khu vuc thiet ke a) Vi tri, quy mo
Khu vudn nghien ciiu trong thu nghiem tap doan cay ban dja dac tnmg cua cac viing miin trong ca nude tai Rimg Quoc gia Den Hiing dugc thuc hien tai khu ddi D6ng Lenh va mot phan cua khu Niii Van. Trong Quyet dinh s3 48/2004/QD-TTg ngay 30 thSng 3 nam 2004 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phii ve viec pha duyet quy hoach chi tiat khu Di tfch lich sii Din Hiing - Tinh Phii Thg din nam 2015, khu nghien ciiu thudc phSn khu sinh thai canh quan phuc vu tdn tao canh quan va cai thien moi trudng ciia khu Di tich Ijch su Din Hiing - tinh Phii Thg. Phia Bac va Phia Dong tilp gi^p dudng tinh 16 32C, Phia Nam va TSy tiep giap Niii Van va ho Ddng Llnh. Tdng dien tich toan khu nghiSn ciiu 9,5ha va dugc kat noi vdi cac phSn khu khac cua khu di tich thdng qua tuyen tinh 16 32C.
b) Dia hinh
Dia hinh khu virc du an la dang doi thoai va ddi bat up CO hai mat hudng ra phia ho Dong Lenh. C6t do cao tuong d6i tai c5c dia diem dinh ddi Dong Llnh Ldn +65,5m, dinh doi Ddng Lenh Be la +40,0m va tai khu vuc niii Van +150m. Dia hinh cd xu hudng doc thoai ve phia hd Ddng Llnh. Do ddc trung binh lit 15%-20%. l/u dilm ve dia hinh ciia khu vuc thiet ke la cd the quan sat duge tir nhiau phia va tao nln tdt cho viec the hien canh quan.
24 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
c) Khi hau, thuy van
Khu vuc nghian cuu nSm trong vung khf hau ddng bSng va trung du BSc bd. Theo tai lieu quan trac ciia tram khi tugng, thuy van Viet tri, khu vuc nghien ciiu co khi hau nhiet ddi gio mua va co hai mua ro ret: mua mua va miia khd. Mua mua tir thang 4 din thang 10, lugng mua chilm 70-80% so vdi lugng mua ea nam, Miia khd tir thang 11 din thang 3 nam sau, ft mua, khi hau hanh kho.
Nhiet do trung binh nam 23,3''C, nhiet do trung binh thSng cao nhk 28,3''C (thang 6 va thang 7), nhiet do trung binh thang thap nhdt 15,7''C (thang 1), nhiet do tdi cao tuyet ddi 40,3°C, nhiet do tdi thSp tuyet doi 3,5''C. Sd gid nang ca nam 1.662 gid. Dg am tuong ddi trung binh nam 84%, dg am trung binh cao nhSt 87%, dg km trung binh thSp nhSt 82%.
Tdc do gid trung binh l,8m/s. Mtia Ddng hudng gid ehu dao la gid Tay Bac. Miia he hudng gid chu dao la gid Ddng va Ddng Nam.
Lugng mua trung binh nam 1.850mm.
Khu vue nghien eiiu liap giip vdi hd Ddng Lenh cd tdng dien tich mat nude 3,88ha va cd nude quanh nam. D5y vira la nai giam thieu lii lut cho khu vuc, ddng thdi ciing la nai cung cap ngudn nude tudi tieu cho cac boat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep trong khu vuc.
d) Tho nliuang
Dat trong khu vuc nghien ciiu chii yeu la dat ddi go phat trien tren da bien chat gnai va dat feralit nau vang phat trien tren phii sa cd.
Loai dat nay dai bd phan nim dudi tan rimg Thdng ma vi va Keo tai tugng dugc trdng ISu nam nen cd do tai xdp, miin va do am cao, tuy nhien cue bd mot sd nai cd hien tugng kdt von nhu d nhirng dia diem ven bd ddc.
e) Tlidm thuc vat
Cay trdng tai khu vuc chii yeu la rimg trdng Keo tai tugng va Thdng ma vi dugc tr6ng theo trinh Du an PAM. Tren ca sd hien tr^ng, dat trdng cay trong khu vue nghien ciiu chia thanh hai khu: Khu vuc thii nhat thugc doi Ddng Llnh trdng eay Keo tai tugng vdi tdng dien
Ldm sinh tich 7,43 ha. Khu vuc thu 2 tai khu vuc Nui Van trong Thdng ma, Keo Tai tugng va mot phin dat trdng vdi dien tich 2,07ha. Thanh phan cay bui tham tuoi chu yeu la Duong xi va Rang rang. Cdng tac tu bd rimg d day dugc tiln hanh dinh ky hang nam nan thanh phan day leo bui ram khdng nhidu, khdng gian dudi tan rimg phan ldn thdng thoang, thuan Igi cho viec trian khai trdng cay dudi tan.
f) Hien trgng sir dung dat vd hg tdng ky thuat Dat trong khu vue chii yau la dien tich rimg trdng chiem 95,4% (9,07ha), con lai la gdm mot phan dat trdng vdi phan ldn la cay rang rang tai khu vuc Nui Van la 3,2% (0,30ha) va ddt dudng giao thdng vdi 1,4% (0,13ha).
Trong ranh gidi khu vuc nghian ciiu da co dudng be tdng dugc xay dung nam tren ranh gidi giua ddi Dong Lenh ldn va Ddng Lenh be.
Do rdng mat dudng 2,5m, chieu dai dudng I98m. Diem dau cua tuyen dudng ket ndi vdi tuyen dudng tinh Id Id 32C va diam cudi ket ndi vdi dudng mdn di sang khu vuc Niii Van.
Tuydn dudng mon chay ven khu nghien ciiu ben phia Niii van cd do dai 503,2m, do rgng mat dudng 0,8m-1,5m. He thdng dp dien dang keo tir Den Mau Au Co. He thdng cap nude chua CO.
* Danh gid cliung Thuan lai
v a dieu kien ty nhien: Dia hinh tai khu vue thiet ke ddc thoai va thuan Igi cho cdng tac thi cdng. Nen dat trong khu vue la dat dudi tan rimg, cd tang day, do toi xdp, ham lugng mun cao CO the phu hgp cho nhieu loai cay go Viet Nam. Han niia, khu vuc nghien ciiu lai nam s5t canh hd nude nen cd the chii ddng dugc ngudn nude tudi c§y d giai doan mdi trdng.
v a quan ly va xa hdi: Khu dat da dugc Chu tich Uy ban nhan dSn tinh Phii Thg, giam ddc khu di tich lich sii Ddn Hung giao cho Trudng Dai hgc Lam nghiep thire Men nhiem vu khoa hgc trong khudn khd d l tai nghien euu cap Nha nude. Cdng tae quan ly Rimg Qudc gia Den Hung ludn cd chi dao sat sat sao cua cac Ban,
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 25
Ldm sinh
Nganh vi thi cd nhilu thuan Igi cho cdng tac bao ve rimg khi khu vudn duge xay dung.
Khd khan
Rimg Keo tai tugng cd mat tuang ddi do day
a da din tudi khai thac nen trong qua tiinh khai thac, tia thua neu khdng quan ly tdt se anh hudng din cac eay ban dia trdng dudi tan.
Rimg Keo Rimg Thong Mat nuoc
I Dircmgnhira N
•' Duong mon Nui Van H6 Dong l i n h
L 6 i v ^ chinh cua khu vuc nghien ciiu
Huong nhin lu dap tho Quang ve doi Dong linh Be
Huong nhin tir dap Tho Quang sang phia nui VSn Hinh 1. Hien trgng khu vuc nghien ciiu
3.2. Phutmg an thiet ke a) Muc tieu Ihiit ke
- Dua ra duge phuang an thiet ke phii hgp vdi dae diem tu nhien va yeu cau dac trung canh quan rimg ciia cac loai eay ban dia da chgn.
- Gdp phSn da dang khoa canh quan va tao them nai tham quan, nghien ciiu eho du khach va cac nha khoa hgc.
b) 86 cue vd dinh huang phdt trien khong gian cdnh quan
Tren ea sd cae viing miin trong nude va danh mue loM eSy da dugc chgn, bd cue khu vudn trdng cay phat tridn theo dang tuyan gan lien vdi su thay ddi cua dia hinh va ph^t trien tuyen giao thdng ndi bg chinh trong khu vue.
Ldi vao chinh, la diam dau tuyen dudng bd tdng kat noi vdi tuyln tinh 16 32C va kit thiic d diam cudi tuyan ducmg mdn ket ndi vdi dutmg vao Ddn MSu Au Co. Vdi hinh thuc bo cue nay khi di dgc tren tuyen dudng, khach tham quan se de cam nhan duge nhung canh s5c rirag v&
thanh phan cac loai cay dac trung cho cac cung mien trong ca nude theo thii tu tir BSc vao Nam. Ddng thdi cung thuan Igi cho cae nha nghien ciiu khi mudn nghien ciiu vl thanh
phSn loai cay eijng nhu canh quan rimg ciia cac viing miin khdc nhau.
Dae dilm dia hinh chung trong khu vuc la th5p dan tir Bac xudng Nam va co xu huong thap d§n ve phia hd Ddng Llnh. Dong thai, dang dja hinh d khu vuc phia Bac ciing bien doi da dang hon so vdi khu phia Nam. Ket hgp giua dac dilm dia hinh cua khu vuc nghien ciiu vdi nhiing net dac trung canh quan dia hinh cua cac vting mien se la co sd chinh da bd cue khong gian canh quan rimg trong khu vuc.
Toan khu vuc nghien ciiu dugc phan chia thanh 3 khu chiic nang chinh. Tai khu vuc doi Dong Lenh Ldn se la khdng gian canh quan rimg eay cua 5 phan khu gdm: Phan khu cay ban dia dac trung vimg Tay Bie (VI), Phan khu cay ban dia dac tnmg vung Ddng Bac {V2), Phan khu cay ban dia dac tnmg vung Tning Tam (V3), Phan khu cay ban dia dae tnmg viing Tay Nguyen (V7) va Phan khu cay ban dja dae trung vimg Nam Trung Bg {V6). Khu vue ddi Ddng Ldnh Be gdm 2 phan khu, trong do phSn dinh ddi ddc thoai nen dugc chon la khdng gian canh quan rimg cua eac phan khu rimg cSy ban dia dac trung vung Bac Trung bp
26 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014
(V5), phia chan doi tuang ddi bang phang la khdng gian canh quan rimg cay ban dia dac trung vimg Ddng bang B^c Bd (V4). Con lai, khu vuc sudn doi Nui Van co dang dia hinh ddc thoai ve phia hd Ddng Llnh, hudng nhin thoang, dep dugc chia thanh 2 phan khu dac trung eho khdng gian canh quan rimg cSy ban dja dac trung vtmg Ddng Nam Bd (V9) v& rimg cay ban
Lam sinh dia dae tnmg viing Tay Nam Bd (V8).
Vdi dinh hudng bd cue khdng gian canh quan do, eanh quan rimg ciia khu vudn cay ban dia ket hgp vdi khdng gian eanh quan mat nude va tuydn giao thdng tinh 16 32C se hinh thanh mot didm canh quan hap dan trong he thdng canh quan rimg lai khu Di tich lich su Den Hiing.
Hinh 2. Sa do phan khu chirc ndng
Bang 1. Cac phan khu cua khu viran trong thu" nghiem tap doan cay bdn dia ddc tnmg ciia cac viing mien trong cd nu&c tai Rung Quoc gia Den Hung
STT 2 3 4 1 5 6 7 8 9 TSng
Ky hieu VI V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9
T€n phan khu Tay Bac Dong Bac Trung tam Dong bang Bac Bo Bac tning bo Nam Tnjng Bo Tay Nguyen Dong Nam Bo Tay Nam bo
Dien li'ch 0,90 1.01 1.40 1,10 1,02 1.00 1,00 1.07 1,00 9,50
Don vi Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha Ha
Tv le (%) 9,47 10.63 14,74 11,58 10.74 10,53 10,53 11,47 10,32 100
c) Tong mat iydng tliiet ke clii tiet Quan diem thiet ke chung
Lgi dung tdi da dieu kien tu nhien san cd.
Tao td hgp canh quan phong phii, co su kit hgp chat che giua yeu td tuyln, diem va dien trong canh quan. Nhirng khoang khdng gian
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 27
Ldm sinh
dong va md giira cac mang cay vdi khdng gian mat nude va khong gian xung quanh dugc ket hgp hai hoa. Cay dugc lira chgn trdng la nhirng cay ban dia dae sSc cua cae viing cd trong danh luc cay ban dia da dugc Hdi ddng khoa hoe Nganh Lam nghiep tuyln chgn va Bd Khoa hgc Cdng nghe phe duyet eho phep triin khai thuc hien. Su phdi ket hgp giiia cac cly
vdi nhau phai thda man nhu cau sinh trudng phat trien ciia mdi loai, ddng thdi can ggi duge nhiing eanh quan rimg dae trung cua mdi viing miin. Trong mdi phSn khu viec phdi tri giira cac mang rimg, cac dai cay vdi nhau hinh thanh cac mang mau sac sinh ddng theo cac miia khac nhau.
Chu thich
(1): minh hoa canh quan dQc tuyen true chinh tir phia cong.
(2): minh hga canh quan diing tir dap Tho Quang nhin ve phia doi Dong Lenh Ldn va Be.
(3): mmh hoa canh quan khi dung a khoang giira khu niii Van va doi Dong Lenh Ldn, doi Dong Lenh Be.
(4): minh hoa canh quan dgc tuyen dudng mon d chan nui Van (5): minh hoa canh quan hudng nhin tir dap Thg Quang sang phia ndi Van
Hinh 3. Mat bdng tong the vd hinh dnh minh hoa cac diem e) Thuyet minh y tuang thiet ke trong cay cho
cac pimn khu chuc ndng
Canh quan toan khu vuc nghien eiiu, dugc hinh thanh ehii yeu thdng qua viec trdng cac loai cay ban dia da duge tuyen chgn. Tuy nhiSn, de canh quan dugc phong phii hon, dgc cac cae tuydn tham quan con dua trong bd sung cae thanh phan cay bui, cay than thao la nhirng cay hoa, cay la mau, cay phii dat tr6ng dudi tan va
ven eae tuyen dudng de td didm eanh quan ciia cac phan khu thiet ke. Sau day la y tudng thiat ka ca ban cho cae phan khu thiet ke.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia dgc trung vdng Tdy Bdc (VI)
Khu khu eay ban dia Viing Tay B5c co dien tich 0,9ha dugc bd tri phia ben phai ldi vao chinh cua khu nghien eiiu va dugc trdng vdi 10 loai cay ban dia eua viing Tay Bae. Mat phia 28 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
tiep giap vdi dudng tinh Id 32C, trdng dai Mong bo hoa dd cd hoa hau nhu quanh nam va mat tiep giap vdi ldi vao trdng dai Ban trang cd miia hoa nd rd vao miia xuan. Day la hai loai cay CO hoa dep dac tnmg ciia viing T§y Bac da timg di vao thi ca va duge nhieu ngudi biet den.
Cac loai cay con lai duge bd tri trdng thanh dai theo dac diem ciia dia hinh. Su ket hgp hai hoa ve dac didm mau sac la, do thd min cua tan la (chat cam) va chieu cao cay giiia cac dai e§y vdi nhau se lam ndi bat canh quan cua viing Tay Bae theo cac miia khac nhau.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia ddc trung vimg Dong Bdc(V2)
Khu cay ban dia vung Ddng Bac co dien tich l,01ha duge bd tn d phia Ddng Bae ciia khu vue nghien eiiu. Mot m^t tiep giap vdi dudng tinh 16 32C. Ba mat con lai lan lugt tilp giap vdi phan khu cay ban dia vung Tay Bac, viing Trung Tam va vung Tiy Nguyen. Cac loai cSy ban dia dae tnmg dugc chgn trdng trong vung nay gdm 10 loai. Khu vuc nay cd dia tha dep, cao do thap dan ve phia dudng tinh Id 32C va cd gdc nhin rgng tir phia dudng tinh Id 32C nen cay trdng trong khu vuc dugc bd tri theo dang dai thuan loai tir thap den cao.
Nhiing cay cd hinh dang, mau sac la va hoa dep duge trdng d phia tiep giap vdi dudng giao thdng de nhSn manh y nghTa dac trung ve canh quan. Cac dugc chgn trdng phia giap dudng giao thdng gdm Md, Thdng nhua va Tram den.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia dgc tnmg viing Trung idm(V3)
Khu cay ban dia viing Trung t§m ed dien tieh l,4ha 6uac bd tri d phia dinh ddi Ddng Llnh ldn, dia hinh ddc thoai cd dang ddi bat tip.
Toan bd phan khu dugc bao bgc bdi dudng mdn ndi bd cd san. Do do, cac eay trdng trong phan khu dugc bd tri theo dang dai phong xa tir trSn xudng. Tai vi tri ven dudng giao thdng cay dugc bd tri theo dang dai bien ddi theo hinh dang eua tuydn dudng. Tdng sd loai cay trdng trong phan khu gdm 10 loai. Trong dd nhung
Ldm sinh loai CO hinh dang dep nhu Cho nau, Cg va Ldc vimg dugc chgn trdng tai cac dai ven dudng de tao canh quan dae tnmg ciia khu vue.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia ddc trung vung dong bdng Bdc Bo(V4)
Khu eSy ban dia vting Ddng bang Bac Bd ed dien tich 1,1 ha dugc bd tri phia ben trai ldi vao chinh eiia khu nghien ciiu va thudc khu ehan ddi Ddng Lanh Be. Dia hinh trong khu vue tuong ddi bang phang, tai vi tri tiep giap vdi phan khu cay vting Tay Bac cd dang ddc thoai. Cd 3 mat canh quan chinh la mat tidp giap vdi hd Ddng lenh, mat tidp giap vdi dudng tinh Id 32C va mat tiep giap vdi dudng vao chinh eua khu nghien ciru. Day ciing la diem eanh quan eo gdc nhin rdng tir phia dap Thg Quang va la diem canh quan dau tien cua khu vue nghien eiiu ma du khach cd tha cam nhan dugc khi di tran tuyan tham quan tit Den mSu Au Co dan khu virc hd Ddng Llnh.
Cay trdng trong khu vue gdm 10 loai. Trong dd, eae loai cay ed dang dep, hoa dep va phd bien d viing ddng bang Bae Bd dugc trdng d phia tidp giap vdi mat hd Dong Lenh, dudng tinh 16 32C va ven dudng ldi vao chinh cua khu vuc. Hinh thuc trdng cay cung duge bd tri theo dang dai thuan loai. Cac cay trdng ven mat nude la Vang anh, Sanh; cly trdng phia ven dudng tinh Id 32C la Da long, De; cay trdng ven dudng ldi vao chinh la Kim giao.
Canh quan ciia phan khu nay ben canh dugc diem xuyet bdi mau vang ru ro cua hoa Vang anh, eae dai mau sac dam nhat eua mau la eae dai cSy, su soi bdng ciia mang cSy ldn mat ho nude ciing lam cho eanh quan ciia khu vuc nay trd lan sinh ddng hon.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia ddc trung viing Bdc Trung Bo(V5)
Khu cay ban dia vung Bac Trung Bg cd dien tich l,02ha, dugc bd tri d phan sudn va dinh ddi Ddng Lenh Be. Dia hinh khu ddi Ddng Lenh Be co mai ddc trai dai ve phia hd Ddng Llnh va cd thd qua sat gSn nhu toan bd
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 29
Ldm sinh
khu vuc khi nhin tir phia dap Thg Quang va phia Niii Van. Do do tucmg ddi thuan tien cho viec tao canh quan va bd tri trdng cay. Cac loai cay dugc chgn trdng trong khu vue gdm 10 loai. Nhiing eay mau s5c hoa va la dep nhu Sen mat, Lim xet, Vang tam. Qui thanh dugc tr6ng thanh timg mang tai vi tri nhd cao cua dinh d6i d l da tao an tugng canh quan khi nhin tir xa.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia ddc trung viing Nam Trung B6(V6)
Khu eSy ban dia vting Nam Trung Bd cd dien tieh l,0ha, duge bd tri d mat phia TSy Nam khu ddi Ddng Lenh Ldn. Mot mat tiep giap vdi doan cuoi ciia dudng be tdng chinh trong khu vuc va mat con lai tidp giap vdi dudng mon ndi bd. Dia hinh ddc thoai va d khoang giiia eua phan khu eo dia hinh nhd cao tao thanh dudng ddng chay tir dinh ddi xudng phia dudi. PhSn khu cd gdc nhin rgng tir phia Nui Van. Tren ea sd dae diem dia hinh va tinh hinh giao thdng ndi bd, mat phia Tay Nam giap vdi dudng be tdng cSy trdng dugc bd tri theo dai thuan loai. Mat phia tiap giap vdi dudng mon noi bd va phan khu cay ban dia vung Trung tam, dai cay dugc bd tri dgc theo tuyen dudng. Cae dai e5y dugc sap xep theo gam mau la tir mau xanh nhat phia chan ddi den xanh dap d phia dinh ddi. Tai vi tri eao nhat eua phan khu trong mudng den cd hoa mau vang tao diem xuydt ve canh quan.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia ddc trtmg viing Tdy Nguyen (V7)
Khu cay ban dia viing Tay Nguyen co dien tich 1 ,Oha, dugc bd tri d phia Tay Bae ciia khu ddi Ddng Ldnh Ldn. Dia hinh ddc thoai vl phia dudng tinh Id 32C va day ciing la mat canh quan chinh ciia phan khu. Hai mat eon lai tiep giap vdi phan khu cay ban dia vung Ddng Bac va phan khu cay ban dja viing Trung tam.
Tdng loai cay trdng trong khu vuc gdm 10 loM, trong dd nhimg loai co dang dep, ph6 biln d viing Tay Nguyen nhu Dau song nang, D^u long dugc trdng thanh dai thuitn loai ven dudng de ggi canh quan quan rimg Tay
Nguydn. Cac loai eon lai bd tri trong thanh dai thuan loai theo dudng ddng muc. Ngoai ra, nhiing cay ed tan va chidu cao eay ldn vugt trdi nhu Ko nia sau nay cung se trd thanh diam nhan canh quan ciia phan khu.
* Phan khu cay bdn dja dgc tnmg vimg Dong Nam Bo (V8)
Khu cay ban dia viing Ddng Nam Bd cd dien tich l,07ha, dugc bd tri d khu vuc phia Ddng Nam eua chan niii Van va gan vdi ldi vao khu Ddn Mau Au Ca. Phia Bae cua ph3n khu tilp giap vdi phan khu cay ban dia vung TSy Nam Bd, phia Dong tiep giap vdi rimg thong, phia Nam tiep giap vdi khu nha dich vu khu Den MSu Au Co va phia Ddng riep giap vdi dudng mon ven hd cua hd Ddng Lenh. Dja hinh trong khu vuc cd dan xen giira nhiing chd doc thoai va bang phang, hudng ddc ciia dia hinh hudng v l phia Hd Ddng Lanh va day ciing la mat canh quan chinh eiia khu vuc. Cay trdng trong khu vuc gdm 10 loai. Trong do, nhiing loai ban dia d?i dien cho vung Ddng Nam Bg dugc trdng thanh dai thuan loai chay dgc theo dudng mon ven h6 nhu Dau rai, Huynh.
Tai nhimg nai dia hinh ddc cay duge bd tri trdng theo dai chay song song vdi dudng ddng miic con tai nhung noi bang phang cay dugc bd tri trdng thanh dai theo dang nan quat dd tao su da dang ve eac mang mau cua khu rimg.
* Phan khu cay bdn dia dgc trung viing Tdy Nam Bo (V9)
Khu cay ban dia vung Tay Nam Bd cd dien tieh l,00ha, dugc bo tri tai khu vuc phia Ddng Bac ciia chan niii Van. Phia Bac va phia Tay tiep giap vdi rimg thdng, phia Nam tilp giap vdi phan khu cay ban dia viing Ddng Nam Bd va phia Ddng tiep giap vdi dudng mon ven hd Ddng Lenh. Dia hinh cua khu vuc ddc thoai hudng ve phia hd Ddng Lenh va cd gdc nhin rdng tir phia dudng tinh Id 32C va dap Thg Quang. Cay trdng trong khu virc gdm 10 loai va da sd la nhiing loai eay dac san va cay co eanh sac dep, hoa nd rue rd vao cac mua xuan TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
miia ha va mua thu nhu Mudng hoa vang.
Bang lang nude, Mudng hoang yen. Trong dd, eac loai cay co canh quan dep dugc trdng thanh dai ven dudng mdn quanh hd de tao an
Lam sinh tugng canh quan cho du khach khi di dgc tuyen tham quan. Cac mang va dai eay khac con lai duge bd tri tren ea sd sir tucmg phan ve mau sac la da tang tinh da dang va canh quan.
Stt
VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 g 9 10 V2 11 12 13
14 15 16 17
IS 19
20 V3
21
Bang 2. Danh luc loai cay bdn dia ddc tnmg cua cac viing sinh thdi duac trong tai Rung quoc gia Den Hiing
T£n loai cay Ten Viet Nam Phan khu cay ban dia vung Tay Bac Ban trang Son tra (Tao mho) To hap dien bien M(5ngb6 hoa do Xoai Yen Chau Com tang Lat Hoa Nhoi Nanh chupt Bo hon Phan khu cay ban dia vung Dong Bic Che dang De Bac Giang Thong Tre H6i Mo Tdu 13 ruoi Thong nhira Nghien Tram den Xoan dao Phan khu c3y ban dia viing Trung tam Co
Ten khoa hoc
Baulnnia vanegaia L.
Eriabotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai
Allingia siamensis 0\\\. ex Hance
Bauhinia mastopoda L.
Mangifera ftava Evrard Elaeocarpus dubius DC Chukrasia lahularis A. Juss BisUiofia javanica Blume Cryptocarya lanceolata Merr.
Sapindus saponaria L
Ilex kausliiie S.Y.Hu Caslanopsis baisii Hickel &
A. Camus Podocarpus nerifolius
iUiciiim verum Hook f.
Mangliflia conifera OHv.
Vatica odorala var tonkinensis Tardieu Pimis merkusii Jungh ct Vriese
Excentrodendron tonkinensis Chang & Miau Canariuin tramdenum Dai &
lakolev
Primus arhorea (Blume) Kalkman
Livistona ibwensis (Jacq.) R Br
Stf
V5 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 V6 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 V7
61
Ten loai cay Ten Viet Nam Phan khu cay ban dia
\TiLng B5c Tning Bo Que thanh Lim xanh Tram hucmg Lim xet Tung la han Vang tam Sen mat Diu da dat Siu Huynh
Phan khu cay ban dia viing Nam Trung Bd Trom nhua Mun
\Jo\
Trucmg chua Gioi ba Truong vSn Cho chai Muong den Gu mat Sen xanh (Viet) Phan khu cay ban dja vimg Tay Nguyen Dang hirang qua to
Tf n khoa hoc
Cavianonuanloureirii C.rses Erythrophloeum fordii Oliv.
Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte PeUophorum lonkinensis A. Chew
Podocarpus brevifoliits (Stapf) Foxw.
Manglietia fordiana Oliv.
Madhuca pasquieri H J Lam.
Baca urea ramipora Lour.
Draconiomelum dao Blanco
Tarriatia javanica Blume
Sterculia foetida L.
Diospyros mun A. Chev.
Scaphium macropodum BeumeeexK Hayne Nephehum chryseum Blume
Magnolia balansae A.
DC.
Toona sureni (Blume) Merr.
Hopea recopei Pierre Cassia siamea Lamk, Smdora siamensis Teysm. Ex Miq.
Mimusops elengi L.
Pierocarpiis macrocarpus Kurz.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 V4
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 81
83 84 85
Cho nau Lpc vimg Saraoc Cho chi De cau My Truang sang
Thau linh Gioi xanh Phan khu cay ban dia viing dong bang Bdc B9 Da long De Kim giao Sua Sanh Bach xanh Vang anh Bo ket Chay Nhan
Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Baninglonia acutangula Payens.
Cunninghamia lanceohla Parashorea chinensis Merr.
Querciis platycalyx Hic)/Jsy &
A. Camus Lvsydice rhodoslegia L.
Amesiodendron vhmense (Merr.) Hu
Alphonsea .squamosa Finet
& Gagnep Michelia mediocris Dandy
Ficus pilosa Reinw.
Fictis religiosa L.
Nageia Peuri Hi eke Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Ficiis henjainina L.
Calocedrus niacrolepis Kurz Saraca dives Pierre Gledilsia australis Hemsl Artocaiptis tonkinensis Roxb.
Dimocarpus Ion gan Lour.
62 63 64 65 66 67 68
69 70 V8 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Trac vang Dau long Camxe Chieu liSu xanh Dau song nang Gao Konia
Dung nam Ven ven Phan khu cay ban dja viing Dong Nam Bo
C l m l a i B ^ R i a Dau rai Sao den Vu hucmg Ck du6i Tnrng ga Go do Huynh ducmg Dang Dang huong an
Dalbergia conchinchmensis Pierre Dipterocarpus intricatus Dyer
Xylia macrocarpa Temiinalia chebula Retz.
Dipterocarpus dyeri Pieiie.
Bonihax anceps Pierre Irvmgia malayana Oliver ex Bennett Symp locos conchinchinensis Lecomte
Anisoplera costata Korth.
Dalbergia oliven Gamble ex. Prain
Dipterocarpus a lai us Roxb. ex G.Don Hopea odorata Roxb.
Cinnaniomutn balansae Lecomte Cryptocarya mfectona (Blume) Miq.
Lucua mamona Gaerten Afzelia xvlocarpa Craib Dvsoxylum loureiri Pierre Tetrameles nudiflora R.
8r,
Pierocarpiis indicus Kurz.
Phan khu cay ban dja vung Tay Nam B9 Bang lang nuoc
Bing con dao Tram ta Mil to nu
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers,
Alstoma scholaris (L) R. Br Tennmalia caiappa L.
Melaleuca cajupiity Powell Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr
86 87 88 89 90
Muong hoa vang Muong hoang yen Roi do
Sau rieng Xoai cat Hoa Lgc
Cassia splendida Vogel Cassia javanica L Syzygiuin samaragen-fe ' (Blume) Men-. & L M Peny 1 Durio zibeihinus Rumph.
ex Murray Mangifera indica L.
IV. KET LUAN
Nghien ciiu trSng t h i nghiem tap doan cSy ban dia dac tnmg cac vung mien trong ca nuac tai Rimg Qudc gia DSn Hung - tinh Phii Tho, khong nhung co y nghia va mat khoa hoc ma con CO y nghia ve sau sjc tren cac khi'a canh van hoa, canh quan va moi truong. Phuong an thiet ke da phan tich va lai dung duac nhiing
uu the ve dieu kien dieu kien v6 dia hinh, dja the, tham thuc vat va mat nuoc trong khu vuc.
•y tuong bd cue tir t6ng thg den thilt k l chi tiet cho cac phan khu dam bao tinh he th6ng, linh kha thi va luon cd su ket hop chat che giua cac ySu to mang tfnh khoa hoc va nghe thuat. KSt qua nghien ciiu cua di tai chinh la la ti6n dh dl trien khai cac buac thuc hien tiSp theo cua viec
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
xay dimg khu vudn nghien cuu trdng thu nghiem tap doan cay ban dia dae trung cac viing mien trong ca nude tai Rimg Qudc gia Den Hung - Tinh Phu Tho. Tuy nhian dd dat dugc ket qua mong mudn, trudc khi trdng cay can do ve, xac dinh ranh gidi chinh xac cac vi tri trdng cay ngoai thuc ta.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Quygt dinh cua Thu Tucmg chinh phu (2004) Quyet dinh sd 4S/2004/QD-Trg ngay 30/4/2004 vi Phe duyet Quy hoach phdt triin khu di lich lich sii Den Hiing din nam 2015.
2. Bo xay dung (2008) Quyet dinh sd 03/200S/QD- BXD, ngay 31 thdng 3 nam 2008 Ban hanh quy dinh noi dung the hiin bdn ve. thuyet minh doi v&i Nhiem vu va Bo dn Quy hogch Xay dimg.
Ldm sinh 3. Bo khoa hgc v i Cong nghe (2011). Quyil dinh sd 807/QD-BKHCN ngay 25/ 3/2011 ve viec Plie duyet va giao nhiem vu cho Tnrdng Dai hgc Ldm nghiep trien khai thirc hien de tai nghien cuu cap Nha nirdc "NgbiSn cuu trdng ihic nghiem tap doan cay bdn dia ddc tnmg cac vung mien trong cd nu&c tai Rimg Qudc gia Den Hung".
4 Khu di lich lich su Dgn Hung (2009) Bdn do do ve dia hinh ty le J/2000 khu vuc Rimg Qudc gia Din Himg.
5. Rimg quoc gia Den Hung (2004). Ban do hien trang Rimg Qu6c gia Den Hiing.
6. Truong Dai hoc Lam nghiep (2011). Thuyet minh de tai cap Nha nuoc "Nghien cihi trong llid nghiem lap doan cay bdn dia dac trung cac viing mien Irong cd nuvc tai Rimg Qudc gia Din Hiing".
1. Truong Dai hoc Lam nghiep (2011), Tai lieu hgi ihdo xdc dinh tieu chi va danh luc cdc loai cay ban dia ddc tnmg cdc viing mien Irong cd nuac.
DESIGNING THE AREA WITH EXPERIMENTALLY GROWN TYPICAL INDIGENOUS TREES OF ECOLOGICAL REGIONS IN THE VIETNAM
AT HUNG TEMPLE NATIONAL FOREST
Dang Van Ha, Hoang Van Sam
SUMMARY
The experimental area that plant typical indigenous trees of the ecological regions in the country at the Hung Temple National Forest with an area of 9.5 hectares. It belongs to landscape ecology and improves environmental improvement subdivision of the Hung Temple histoncal vestiges zone - Phu Tho province. This area has been assigned to the Vietnam Forestry University to implement the project at state level by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of agricultural and rural development and Phu Tho people comnuttee.
Based on the study of the research task, the current charactenstics of the study area, the landscape composition of the garden is divided into 9 zones include: (1) the typical indigenous trees of Northwest region (2) the typical indigenous trees of Northeast region (3) the typical indigenous trees of central zone region (4) the typical indigenous trees of Northem detal region (5) the typical indigenous trees of North Central region (6) the typical indigenous trees of South Central region (7) the typical indigenous trees of Highland cenlral region (8) the typical indigenous trees of Southeast region (9) the typical indigenous trees of Southwest region The total number of typical indigenous tree species was selected is 90 (each region includes 10 species, each species with 50 individual tree).
Keywords: Design, Hung temple national forest, ecological region, landscape trees, typical indigenous tree species
NgirM phan bien Ngay nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet dinh dang
PGS.TS. Pham Van Dien 27/8/2014
01/10/2014 20/10/2014
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
