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TOI PHAM XUYEN QUOC GIA VA N H C N G GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA H d P TAC PHONG, CHONG
TRONG DIEU KIEN T H A N H LAP, CUNG CO CONG DONG ASEAN
TRINH TI^N VIET "
DtrONG VAN TI^N <**>
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n ^ ^ ^ : ""^ "''^ ^ ^ ^ ' - '^^"''"' ' - ^ " ' " ^ ^ - - '^^ "^"^ '^'^ '<• '^'^ P/^."- C5 yiu ti Abstract: In the process of strengthening the ASEAN community and connecting ASEAN
^untne^U is necessary to prepare for chalUnges of transnational crirr^s. This ariiTZZTl
Dan nhap . ,
Ngfty 31)12/2015. Cfng ding ASEAN : ^ . "Zi^, n l j t e o n ' V ' ' ' \ ' ° ' mft dng ding vftn fafia da dang, giftu bin Ztn^ht^L - I ^ ^^ ^ ^ sic. teuyin tiling dude tfaftnfa Iftn Dfiv U t t •' "^ **^' ""^ ''^^ '"^^ "^^
dtfu mfib Ucfa s i eia ti^n t ^ h l n k l L u S" ^ ^ T ""' "*'"• *'''=' ^^'^'^ ^^ ' ^ Vie d Dfing Nam A. tfal Wfn ^ ^ " f i I C r S ' ^ ' d ' S ^^^^ "^^^
cfaung v& quylt t&m eao eua e&e qufic gia q u & ^ Do d^ ' '' ""^"^
thftnfa viln ASEAN teong vifc n&ne ouTn ! " ^ J . J l ' '"""^ '"''^ ^^ "^"^ * ^ . hf hgn kit. hpp tac TZ7^ch^'TZ ^ " '^"' '^'^' "^^ "^^ "^" '^^^ <=-
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Dfc bift, v i f c T f t n f a T S i ^ g n g T t ^ ' ^ " f t ' ' " ' '' ' * ^''^
ASEAN vfi ba try d t eWWi Ift c f i S ^ ' ' ' " '"""" *•"* ^ cWnfa tai-an Wnfa, cfng ding Wnh t l vft nisPwrK.- K ; ^ ^
dng ding Vfin fafia - xa fafi bfla hen dem : ^ ^ ^ t t ^ c S ^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^ ^
l<^ nWlu Cd fafi pfaat teiln tiiftn fifn vl L ^ ^ ' r ^ - ^ ^ ^ v n / t L t ^ S i n n t / s<ii-2niban.in html, tr.l.
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T O I PHAM XUYfiN Q u 6 c GIA...
lft mft ylu d u tft't ylu trong filu Wfn tfaftnfa lfp, cung d d n g dong ASBIAN.
2. Tfi pham x u y l n q u o c gia: Kh&i n i f m vft nhflng d a c d i e m cd b a n
Kfaai mfm "Tfi pfafm xuygn qu& gia"
(faay T f i pfafm d tfnh chtft xuyen quIc gia" Transnational Crimes) chfla tilng dflde djnh nghia mfit c&ch dfiy d i vft dfc lfp trong btft ky vftn Wfn ph&p ly qufib t l , trong Cfng dong ASEAN, cung nhU pfa&p lufit qufib gia.
Xfit rigng trong kfaufin k h i ASEIAN, m&c d i rfit e h i trpng cfing tac pfaong, cfaing tfi pfafm xuygn qufic gia nfaflng d n g ding kfau vyc ehua tWlt lfp dupc mft v&n Wfn ph&p ly cfaung v l vfin d l nfty, mfc d i trong Tuygn btf hda hpp ASEAN (Tuygn btf Bah) nftm 1976 v l e&e nguygn t&e ching vifc Ifm dyng c&c chtft ma t i y vft Tuygn btf ASEAN v l tpi phfm xuygn qufic gia nftm 1997 bUdc dfiu dft d l efp, song mfi Uft kg c&e tpi phfm eu the d n sy hpp t&e vft c&c cam kit. s&ng Win hpp t&c cy t b i vft dua ra e&e k l hoaeh hftnh dfng vfi 6 chUdng trinh chfing tfii pham xuygn quIb gia nflm 1999 vft sau dfi nftm 2002. Sau nfty, rtft nWlu Cfing Udc quIc t l trong tflng Enh vflc cu t h i nhfl ehing kfaing btf. efatfng bufin b&n ngUfi, vu kW... tfo ngn bf tfatfng vftn Wfn pfa&p ly v l phdng. ehing tfi pfafm xuyln qufib gia.
Mfc d i vfy, vi efafla cfi djnfa ngWa cfaung nfatft v l tfi pfafm xuygn qufib gia ngn quan mfm v l tfi pfafm nfty trong d n g ding ASEAN vftn dya tign cd sd nfafn thflc cua Cdng Udc efidng tdi pfiqm ed tdchOc xuyin qudc gia eua Lign Hpp quob nftm 2000. Tuy nWgn, ngay b i n th&n Cfing flde cung khfing dfla ra kh&i Wfm ehfnh thflc mft cW x&e djnh nfiOng yiu td (diiu ki^n) kfdin efw fidnh vi pfiqm tdi ed Q ] NHAN LpC KHOA HPCXAH^I
tinh etidt xuyin qudc gia tfi Khoin 2, Dilu 3 bao gom: a) Hftnh vi dfi dfldc thflc Wfn d nfiiiu quIc gia; b) Hftnfa vi dfi dflpc thyc Wfn d mdt qufic gia nhflng pfafin cfai ylu c i a vife chudn bi, lfin k l faofcfa, cW dfo faoftc filu kWin nfi lfi fien ra d mdt qufib gia kfidc; c) Hftnh vi dfi dflde tfaye Wfn d mdt quob gia nhflng hfin quan din mft nhfim tfii phfm cfi t l chflc tham gia c&c hoft dfing phfm tfii d nhiiu qufib gia hofc;
d) Hanh vi dfi dfldc thyc Wfn d mft qufic gia nfatlng cfi dnh hadng ldn d mft qufib gia khae. Do dfi, theo quy dinh nfty, mft hftnh vi phfm tfi thda man mpt trong bfi'n filu Wfn n l u trgn tW nd lft tdi pfiqm cd tinh xuyin qudc gia. Phan tfeh c&c filu Wfn dfi, cfi the t i n g k i t tfnh chtft xuyln quoc gia cua tfi phfm the Wfn d ba phUdng fifn cWnh sau: a) Phfm vi khfing gian fiin ra tpi phfm (bao glm c i vifc chuin bj, eW huy vft thyc Wfn); b) Phfm vi tac dfng cua tfi phfm vft; e) Cfai the eua tpi phfm (trfldng hpp h i n quan din mft nhfim tfii phfm cfi t l chfle tham gia cfic hoft dpng pfafm tpi d nWlu quob gia). Nfafl vfy, cfi tfal nfii day lft mft quan mfm tfldng doi toftn fifn v l cae tieu eW nhftn fifn tfi phfm xuyln qufic gia, song chfla phai mft djnfa ngWa phap ly v l tfi pham nfty.
0 c&c vftn kifn phap ly kfafie eua t h i gidi faay ph&p luft cac nfldc ASEAN, tfi phfm xuyln quIc gia eW dfl^ d l efp din dfldi gfic df tflng tfi pfafm ey tfal nhfl:
k h i n g bl, mua ban ngUfi, r i a tiln, tfi phfm ma tiy;... Trong kW dfi, dUfi gfic df khoa hpe ph&p ly, d mft d nhft ngWgn e i u da dUa ra khai mfm tfi phfm xuyln qufib gia t r i n quan film khfing dfi lfp vfi Cfing Udc cua Liln H^p qufib, tuy nWen, nfi hftm khai mfm hp dua ra khfing bao glm d i y du cac ylu t l mft Cfing flde da x&c ttf 11-2111
^
<*jah- Vi dy, kfa&i mfm mft t&e gii Neil Bolster dua ra teen Tfp eW Luftt pfa&p qufib t l c i a Cfa&u Au: T f i phqm xuyen qudi: mid tdi phqm gdy dnh hudng hoqc ed khd ndng gdy dnh hodng vuqt ra kfidi biin gidi qudi: gia vd nhOng tdi phqm xdy ra bin trong qudb gia nhOng xdm phqm ede lai ich ca bdn eia edng ddng qudc ti"^\
TTieo quan film nfty, tinh chtft xuyen qufib gia c i a tfi pfaam dupc xfic djnh bfi dfi'u hifu pfaam vi t&c dpng eua tpi pfaam (g&y anfa faudng d pham vi nWlu quob gia) vft Wiacfa tfal e i a tfi pfaam (c&e lfi fch cd bin cia d n g ding qufib tl). Viec tac gia nWn nfafn kfa&cfa tfal bj xfim bfi cua tfii pfaam xuygn qufib gia bao glm e i •'cdc Iqi ich'ca bdn cia cdng ddng qudc te" cfi film ehua ii«3 ly bfi v l mft ly Wfn cung nfafl quy djnfa pfa&p luft tW dfiy lfi kfa&eh tfal xfim fafi dftc tfafl c i a tfi phfm quob t l thufc tfafim quyin tfti pfa&n e i a Tda &n Wnh sU qufic tl'^'-
^ Ngin gpn hdn, Jay S. Albanese, Gi&o su cua Dfi hpe Vurgmia, Hoa Ky dUa ra djnh ngWa: T f i phqm xuyin qudc gia Id vi phqm phdp ludt liin quan din han mdt qudc gia trong vi4c lin ki hoaeh, thue hiin hoqc gdy tdc ddn^^*\ 6 d&y, t&e giidfi x&e djnh tWb chtft xuyln qufib gia e i a hfinh vi pfafm tfi bfi fafi ylu ttf: phfm vi khfing gian xiy ra tfi pfafm (bao glm e i vife chuin bj, lln k l hofefa l l n tfaye Wfn) vfi pfafm vi gfiy tac dfng, infa faudng cia tfii phfm. Theo dfi. tfi pfafm xuyln qufib gia lft faftnh vi pfafm tfi mft vife Ign k l faoaefa vft tfaye Wfn nfi fiin ra d nWlu qufib gia faofe nfi gfiy fafu qui, infa fau&ig din nWlu qufib gia. Quan film nfty cfi nfi faftm rfng fadn quan film c i a t&e gii Neil Bolster d t d n nfaung cfaUa d l efp din ylu ttf xuygn qufib gia bin quan din cfai tfal
TRINH TEEN Vl|!T. DLTONG VAN TI^N tfaye Wfn tpi pfaam mft Cfing flde cfafing tfii pfafm CO to cfafle xuygn qufiib gia e i a Lign Hdp qufib da neu.
Hoftc d quan film lfi cfao ring: 'Tfi pfaam xuyen qufib gia bao gom nfaflng lofi hftnfa vi dfldc n i y smfa bfi qufi trinh tokn d u fafia, tang cUdng dfing efaiy xuygn bign gifi c i a eon ngufi, tien bac, faftng fafia vft tfafing tin. Tfi pfafm xuyln qufib gia tfal Wfn qua dfic film "biin gi^" vfi e&e faftnh vi hen quan dl'n chtft ma tiy, bufin bfin ngufi, bufin Ifu vu kW, khing bfi'. vi phfm quyin d hflu tri tuf. tfii pham, r i a tiin, tpi phfm mfi tinldng..."<») Quan film nfty cho rftng, tpi pfafm xuygn qufib gia gftn Uen vfi qufi trinh tiifin d u hfia vft c&c faftnfa vi pfafm tfii ey tfal cfi hfin quan din ylu tfi' "biin gidr, ding tfafi lift kg c&c tfi pfafm xuygn qufib gia pfal biln da ngu.
NWn cfaung, c&c quan dilm ngu trgn, d mflc dp nfto dfi da pfain ftnfa ding cae dfc fiem cua tfi pfafm xuygn quIb gia nfaung efafla x&y dflng dinfa ngfaia faoftn tfaifn faofe ehfla d&nh gi& dfiy d i tfnh efatft xuygn qufib gia e i a tfii pfafm d ttft e i c&c phfldng^fifn bilu Wfn. Hdn nfla, e&e quan film nfty diu ebua d l efp tfi kfa&efa tfal xSm fafi e i a tfi phfm xuygn qutfc gia lft ylu ttf quan tepng d l phfin bift nd vfi lofi tfii phfm kh&e. Do dfi, tegn ed sd c&c tifiu cW mft Cfing udc efatfng tfi pfafm d to efaie xuyln quob gia c i a Liln Hpp qufib
» Xem: Neil Boister, Transnational Criminal Law?
^l^T^m^'^^^"!^'^'"^ ^ " '*• 963. 2003 crime) '^"P="™'^I*^-"8'»^ki^a»>«>national^
» Xem: Quy chiRome viTiadn hinh sifquA tinim '* ^ u ' ' 5 „ ^ Albanese, Transnadonal crimes Bin
^^"V^ "^^ ^ ^ " " ^ D* S i t t e r ^ p T
stf 11-2111
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TOI PHAM XUYtN Q u 6 c GIA...
da nlu, tfii phfm xuyln quIc gia kh&c vfi d c lofi tfii phfm kh&e d tinh chdt da qudc gia cia nfi (D&y la mpt dfic fiem quan trpng vfi ba tilu cW se de d p trong pfafin d&e film).
Ngofti tinfa chtft dta qufic gia, bin chtft tfi phfm xuygn qufib gia d n the Wen d dtfu Wfu lAdch tfie xdm hqi. Tfi phfm xuyen qufib gia x&m fafi d e lfi fcfa cia nfaft nfldc, cia d nfa&n, to cfaic nhiing d mflc df de dpa trft til, an ninh tfal gifi.
Tfim lfi, dflfi gfic dp kfaoa fapc, tfaeo cfaing tfii, d the dfla ra djnh ngWa eia kh&i mfm dang ngWgn c i u nfafl sau: Tpi pfiqm xuyen quoc gia Id nhihig fidnh vi xdm fiqi cdc Iqi ich cia Nfid niidc, quyin, Iqi ich fiqp pfidp cia cd nhdn, td cfiOc, de dqa trdt to, an ninh tfii gidi, md cdc giai doqn thytc hi^n fioqe toe dqng eia nd liin quan din Ixai qudc gia trd lin fiay duqe thifi: fiiin bdi mdt nfidm tqi pfiqm cd td chOc fioqt ddng ptiqm tdi d nhiiu qudc gia.
Nfafl vfy, trin ed d ngWgn cflu e&e vftn bin, vftn Wfn, d n g flde quob t l d Ugn quan, cung nfafl tfl kfa&i mfm tfii pham xuygn qufib gia dft nfiu. cfi tbi eW ra c&c dftc film cd bin eia lofi tfi pham nfty nhu sau:
* Tdi phqm xuyin qudc gia cd tinh chdt da qudc gia
Tfnh chft't da qufib gia dfi dupe bilu Wfn d mft trong c&e ylu tfi' sau d&y:
a) Tinh cfidt da qudc gia tfie fiiin d fthdng gian diin ra tdi pfiqm ddi vdi todn bd qud triiUi th\ic hiin tdi pfiqm vfi hai trfldng hpp sau d&y: Tfi phfm dflpc thye Wfn d fiai quIc gia trd lfin (vf dy hftnh vi mua ngflfi h d c dy dl ngflfi d Vift Nam dem b&n d Tnmg Qufib); tpi phfm dflpc thye Wfn d mdt qufib gia nfaiing vifc cfauin bj, lln k l faofefa, eW dfo faofe filu kWin nfi lfi fiin ra d mft quIb gia kh&c COng triim"
cua mft t l chfle tfii phfm ma t i y d Ytalia Q I H U N LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl
cW dfO, filu hftnh d c thftnh viln dflfi quyin bufin b&n ma t i y d CampueWa...).
6; Tinh chdt da qudc gia thi hiin d phqm vi dnh hiidng cia t^ phqm. Dfiy
cbfnh lft sy khac nfaau ve lanfa tfal quIc gia gifla nfi tfii pfafm dflde tfafle Wfn vfi nfi tfi pfafm g&y anfa fafldng. Dfii vfi tfii pfaam khfing d tfnfa efatft xuyln qufic gia tW qufib gia nfi tfafle Win tfii pfafm cung cfafnfa lft qufib gia nfi tfi phfm gay infa fafldng. Tfi phfm xuygn qufib gia d tfal dUde tfaye Wfn d mpt qufib gia nfaflng d infa fafldng ldn d mpt faofic nWlu quob gia kfa&c.
e) Tinh chdt da qudc gia tfiihi^n d chi tfli'thue fiiin tdi pfiqm. Dfiy lft trUdng hpp vife thye Wfn tfi phfm Ugn quan din mft nhfim tfi pfafm cd t l cfafle tfaam gia cac hoft dfng pfaam tpi d nWlu quIc gia.
Trfldng hdp c h i tfal e i a tpi pfafm ddn tfaufin cfi quo'c tjeh kh&c vfi quIb gia ndi thye faifn tfii pfafm khfing thufc lofi tfi pham nfty mft lft cW lft tfii phfm cfi ylu tl nfldc ngofti.
* Phuang phdp, thd doqn thifc hiin tqi phqm xuyen qudc gia thUdng mang 'tinh cd td chOc vd chuyen nghiip cao
Sd dl nhfl vfy lft vi rtft Wlm trfldng hfp tfii phfm do ca nh&n ddn le tiln hftnh cfi the thye Wfn hay gfiy anh hfldng d phfm vi da qufib gia (tri vifc s i dyng cfing nghf cao. hftnh vi pham tfi fiin ra trong khfing gian i o khfing efaju rfto ein nfto eua biln gifi Iftnh tfal c&e qufic gia). Cho nln, c&c tfi pfaam xuyln qufic gia lufin dfl^ dl efp trong eae vftn kifn pfa&p ly quIb tl, nfaflng ngWIn e i u vdi t i n gpi "Tqi pfiqm ed td chOb xuyin qudc gid' (Oganizd transnational crimes). Thye tiin ciing eho thtfy c&c hftnh vi pfafm tfi xuyln quIc gia d tinfa phi biln, tinh vi, phic tf p, trong dfi d deh hof t dfing chfnfa sau dfiy: bufin ban ma tiy, bufin b&n ngflfi (dfc bift lft phy nfl, tri
ttfii-2ni
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em), k h i n g btf, cudp Win, toi pham tin hoc,
" t e tiln; v.v..., Ui't d falu nfau lufin dUde tfaye Wfn bfi c&c t l chflc tpi pham. Sfl Wnh thftnh dfldng d&y, t l chflc tfii pham da qufib gia nhu vfy ttft nWgn khfing phii d l dftng vft khfing cW di thuc Wen tpi pham mot Ifii. Vfy nfin, cac hftnh vi phfm tfii xuyen quoc gia lufin cfi tmh thudng xuygn, cfi t l chic vft chuygn ngWep cao®.
• Tqi phqm xuyen qudc gia cd khd ndng gdy hdu qua tren pham vi ddc biet ldn hoqc hdu qud hdng ioqt
Do tfnh da qufib gia e i a q u i trinh tfauc hien vft tmh eo t l cfafle, chuyen ngWgp trong t h i dofn thye Wfn ngn toi pfaam xuygn qufib gia cfi kha nftng g&y faau qua d o ^ d i nWgu dfi tupng d nWlu qufib gia
^ ^ n h a u . Dupc thyc Wfn d nWlu qufib gia bao glm trudng hpp thye Win mfit lfin nhung e&e gifi dofn filn ra d nWlu qufib gia vft trudng fapp thye Wfn nWlu lfin d nhilu qufib gia. Trong trudng bpp thfl faai, tfl pfaam cfi kfai nftng gfiy fafu q u i fa&ng lof t d e&e qufib gia kfa&c nfaau. Vf du, tfaeo d&nfa gift c i a Lign Hpp qufib, "doanfa stf tfii phfm tiifin d u trung binh mft nftm dft khoing 1.500 ty dfi la. lfi nhuftn tfl bufin b&n ma tuy dft 500 ty dfi la. tfl bufin ngufi dft doanh stf hftng nftm tfl 5-7 ty do la...
hay g&y nfaflng hfu q u i tieu eye v l mftt xfi hfi nfau: trgn tfal gidi cfi fadn 200 tiifu ngflfi ngWfn ma tiy, 27 trifu phu nfl vft tee em lft nfn nh&n c i a tpi pfaam bufin ngflfi, con stf nfty faftng nftm dflpc b l sung thgm 1 trifu ngufi, trong dfi cfi 250.000 ngufi tfl c&c nfldc Dfing Nam A..."<^.
• Tqi phqm xuyen qudc gia xdm hai ede lai ich qudc gia, quyin, lai ich ehinh ddng cua cd nhdn, tdchOc mdt cdch nghiem trqng 6 mOc dd de dqa din trat tu, an ninh cia mot khu vuc ndo dd hoqc cua todn thi gidi
TRINH TIEN VIET, Dl/ONG VAN TIEN C&c gifi tri mft tpi pfaam xuyln qufib gia xfim faai tfafing tfaudng dflde gW nfafn bfi ph&p Wft quob gia, cfi tfal dUdc gW nfafn bfi c&c van Wfn phfip ly qufib t l nhung Wifing pfaii lft eae gifi trj cfaung dUde tfafla nhfn bfi nh&n loai v l nh&n quyin. quyin qufib gia, d&n tfie hay n l n hda bmh c i a nhanlofi.
Ngofti ra, tfii phfm cfi t l chic xuygn qufib gia edn lam lung doan cac n l n Wnh te, phye vu lfi fch eho mfit nhfim ngufi nhtft djnh, qua dfi Iftm suy ylu CWnh p h i , lam muc^rufing n l n tang, dao d i e xa hpi.
• Thdm quyen tdi phdn ddi vdi tdi phqm xuyen quoc gia thude ve qudc gia riing li vd trdch nhiim phdp ly ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi dd duqc xdc dinh tren ea ad phdp ludt qudc gia
Mftc d i Ugn quan din nWlu qufib gia de dpa trft ty, an nmh cua c&c qufi'c gia Ugn quan, cua khu vyc faoftc tfal gidi nhflng t h i m quyin tfti pfa&n dfi vfi tfi pham xuygn qufib gia khfing tfaufic v l mpt Tda ftn qufib t l nfto mft tfaufc Tda &n qufi'c gia bfi vi b i n efatft e i a nfi lft mfit vfi'n di tfaufc tu pfafip qufib t l (efafl khdng pfaii loai VI pfafm cfafi'ng lfi c&c gift tri dflpc efing pfa&p qufib t l x&e lfp. bio vf nfafl: nh&n quyen, quyin d&n tfie, hoa binh t h i gifi ) Vi thg, Cfing Udc efatfng tfi pfaam d t l chuc xuyen qufib gia e i a Lign Hpp qutfc quy dinh mpt qufib gia cfi thfi'm quyin tfti phan dfi vfi mft hftnh vi pham tfii khi- "a) Hftnh vi phfm tpi dupc thuc Wfn trgn
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Nxb. Cong an nhfin dfin. Hfi Noi, 2005 tr 13
NHAN LpC KHOA HOC X A H P I m
T 6 I PHAM XUVfeN QU6C GIA..
lanh tfal eia quIb gia thftnfa vign dfi faoftc;
b) Hftnh vi phfm tfi dflde thflc Wfn trgn boong tftu mang a) cia quae gia tfaftnfa viln dfi hoftc tren mfiy bay dftng ky theo luftt d a qufic gia thftnh vign do vfto thfi film xiy ra hftnh vi phfm tpi"'*'. Ngofti d e trudng hdp trin, d e hftnh vi sau cung thupc thfim quyin tfti pfaan cua qufic gia nlu d sU ding y e i a qufib gia nfi tpi phfm dupe thye Wfn: "a) Hftnh vi pham tfii dfldc thyc Wfn nhftm cfaing lai mft d n g d&n eia qufib gia thftnfa vien dfi; b) Hftnfa vi pfafm tpi dupe thflc Wfn bfi mpt d n g d&n cua qufib gia thftnh vifin dfi hay mft ngflfi khfing qufib tjeh thfldng t r i tren Iftnh thi cua quIb gia dfi; c) Hftnh vi tham gia nfafim tfi phfm d t l chic dflde thye Wfn ngofti lanh thi quIb gia dfi nhftm thyc Wen mfit hftnh vi phfm tpi ngWgm trpng trong lanh tfal quIb gia d6"<*-
Cing vfi thim quyin qufib gia dflpc x&c djnfa, e&n cfl &p dyng de xem xfit te&ch nWfm ph&p ly dfi vfi tpi pfafm xuygn qufib gia cung lft pfa&p luft qu& gia. Theo nguygn tftc tfin trpng cbi quyin qufib gia, d c v&n Wfn quIc t l cW quy djnh ngWa vy tfi phfm hfia hofc kfauyin ngW vifc tpi pfafm hfia c&c hftnh vi ehi kfafing bao gid twit lfp mft mfi t i eft'u tfaftnfa bftt bufe e&e qufic gia sao efafip kW nfi luft hfia vfln Wfn qufib tldfi...""*.
* Tdi pfiqm xuyen qudc gia thao tung ngudi dqi dien cong quyen di fioqt ddng tfiudn lai vd ddy Id trd ngai ldn ddi vdi cdng tdc pfidng ngOa vd xO ly
D I tiln hftnfa faoft dfing pfafm tfii vfi quy mfi ldn, e&e t l efaie tfii pfafm xuyln qu& gia thudng mua chufie, hfi 16 vft lfii kfio mft d nhft lanh dfo nude ngofti nhftm dung ting, bao ehe eho c&c boft dpng pfafm tfi cia t l cfaic minh"" Nhd dupe dung ting, bao ehe. c&e nfafim tfii pfafm Q W U N LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl
xuygn qufib gia cfi the tfaufn lfi fainfa tfaftnfa vft md rfing e&e mfng Iflfi bufin Ifu, r i a tiln, bufin b&n ma t i y faay lflu tfafing tiln t l hdp ph&p.
Ngofti ra, kW dfldc dung ting, bao che cho d c boat dpng phfm tfii e i a to chic minh, c&c bftng, nhfim tfii pham thfldng tftng cfldng teiln khai d c hoft dfing dl nfing cao nftng lflc tfti cfainfa ra bin ngofti nfafl tiln faftnh dfiu tfl, cho vay, Uln kit Iftm fin... nhftm che gitfu tfau nfafp tfl vifc phfm tfii mft cfi, qua dfi tfO thftnh "bdc binh pfiong vflng cfaftc cfao d e faoft dfng phfm tfii tilp tfaeo.
Bin canh dfi, efing t&e phdng, chfing tfi phfm tfii pham xuyen qufib gia ciing gfp nWlu khfi khftn. Trflde hit, do fia bftn hof t dfing eua tpi phfm vfldt ra ngofti ranh gidi lanh thi, vile filu tea thu thfp diy dii ching c i xac dinh tfi phfm, sy c&u kit, di ehuyin da qufib gia c i a e&e ehu tfal thyc Wfn tfii pfaam nfty tfo ra thach thie ldn cho d e lflc lflc lfl(;lng chflc nftng trong vifc phftt Wfn, bftt gifl dfii tfldng phfm tpi. Dfc biet, pham vi t&e dfing e i a tfii phfm d tiiin Ugn qufic gia ngn vife x&e djnfa diy du, kip thfi d e tWet faai de ng&n efafn, khftc phyc kfafing nfaanfa cfafing nfafl d c dfi vfi c&c tfii pfafm khac. Cing vfi dfi, sy bao che, ung bp eua mfit bf phfn cpng ding ngofi kilu ho&e nh&n vien d n g quyin dfing vai trb h&u thu&n, dflng sau Iftm d u noi cho c&c to chflc tpi phfm xuyln qufib gia thyc Wfn c&c
™ Xem: Khoan 1 Dieu 15 C6ng Udc v l chtfng Ut)\ ph»in c6 \& chOc xuygn qu6c gia cua LiSn H<A> quAc nim 2000.
" Xem: Khoan 2 Dilu 15 G6ng Udc v l chlhg t^i ph^ni c61& chiilc xuyto qu8c gia cua Liln Hin> qu& n&m 2000.
<"» Xem: Nguyin Thj PhUdng Hoa, "V& dl t«i ph?m hda trong c6c cdng Udc dfu tranh vdi t$i phfjn xuyin qudb gia", Tap chi Luft hqc, stf &2010, tr.19.24.
"" Xem: Nguyin Trudng Giang, Nguyin NgflC Anh, C6ng Udc cua Liin Hpp qudc vi ching tfi phfm co 16 chiic xuyin qudc gia vd cdc nghf dinh thu bo sung, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin dfin, H4 Ndi, 2005, tr.26.
Stftl-2111
hoft dfing pfafm tpi. Dae bift, sfl kfaac biet v l pfa&p luft c i a d c qufib gia hfin quan.
teanfa cfatfp tfaim quyin tfti pfa&n cung lft nfaflng kfafi kfaan 16n rifing d trong d n g t&e dtfu tranfa vfi lofi tpi pfaam nfty.
3. Sfl kh&c biet gifla toi pfaam x u y l n quoc gia vdi toi pfaam quoc te va toi pfaam co y l u to nfldc ngoai
Tqi phqm xuyen qudc gia vd tqi phqm qudc ti
Tfi pfaam qufib t l lft lofi tpi pfafm dftc bift ngWfim trpng dupc xac djnh thufic tfaim quyin tfti pfa&n eia Tda &n famfa sU qufib t l bfi Quy cfal Rome nftm 1998. Quy ehe nfty cung nfau c&c vfin Wfn pfa&p ly quob t l kfaac diu kfafing dUa ra khai mfm tfii phfm qufib te tuy nWgn filu dd khdng
!4»i inh hudng din sy nhfn tfafle thong nhtft v l tfii phfm nfty. Trong kfaoa fapc
T i l u chi sos&nh Khach thi bj xfim fafi
TRINH TIEN VlfeT, DLTONG VAN TIEN pfa&p ly, ve cd bin, toi pfafm qufib t l dupe Weu 1ft faftnfa vi dftc bift nguy Wem dupc quy djnfa trong lufit binh sfl qufib t l do Nhft nude, ph&p nfa&n faoftc tfae nfafin tfaye Win mpt defa CO y xfim pfaam sy tin tfi hda bmh vft an ninh e i a nhan lofi"'^^'. Do dfi.
dflfi goc dp kfaoa fape, cfaing tfii efao rfing, tpi pfafm qufic t l lft lofi tpi pfafm x&m hai d c gi& trj cfaung dupe nfa&n lofi tfafla nfa&n vft pfa&p luft qufiic t i b i o vf nhU: quyin eon ngufi, quyin quob gia, d&n tfic vft hda bmh, an ninh e i a nh&n loai. C&e tfi pfafm nfty dupe Quy cfal Rome v l Tda an famh sy qufib t l nftm 1998 da x&e djnh ey tfal glm: Tdi diet ching, tdi chdng lodi ngOdi, tdi phqm chiin tranh vd tdi xdm luqc.
Gifla tfii pfafm qufib te vfi tpi pfafm xuygn qufib gia cfi sU kfa&c bift tfal Wfn qua bdn tigu eW so s&nfa sau d&y:
Tfi pham x u y l n quoc gia
Tinfa chtft.
mflc df nguy w l m
Cfau tfal
Lpi fcfa qufib gia, quyin, lfi fcfa cfafnfa d&ng c i a e& nfa&n, t l cfafle dflpc x&e lfp, bio vf bfi pfa&p lu&t quIb gia.
R&'t nguy Wem vi kfai n&ng g&y fafu qui tren phfm vi ldn hofc hfu qui hftng loat de dpa din teft tu, an mnh c i a mft khu vyc n&o dfi bofc eia toftn tfal gifi.
Toi p h f m qutfc ttf Cae gift trj chung duqc nhfin lofi thfla nfafn vfi pfafip Wft qufib t l bio vf.
Dfc bift nguy Wlm vi de dpa fafia binh vft an mnh nhfin lofi;
dupc coi lft nfaflng tfi pfafm efatfng lfi lofti ngfldi.
Tfaim quyin tftiphan
C& nhfin bofc t l chfle theo d u thftnh tfi pfaam ey tfal dupc quy djnfa bfi pfa&p lu&t d c qufiib gia.
Duy nhtft thufc Tda &n qufib gia Uln quan dupe x&e djnh bfi e&e nguyin tfie tfl pfa&p qufib tg'.
C& nfafin cfi ning lflc tr&ch nWf m Wnfa sy vfi d i 18 tuli trd len.
• rdi phqm xuyen qudc gia vd tdi phqm cd yiu tdnude ngodi
"Tdi phqm cd yiu tdnode ngodT lft mft Wifii mfm efafla dflye dinfa ngWa v l mfit pfa&p ly tfafing nfatft bfi bfi't ky vfin bin pfa&p luft nfto.
stf 11-2(11
Cfi tfal tfaufic Tda &n qufic gia faofe Toa &n famfa sy qufib t l tfaeo quy efatf Rome 1998.
C&e tfic gii Nguyin Trudng Giang vft Nguyin Ngpc Anfa quan mfm "tdi phqm cd
' ^ ^ ' ° ' " Vftn Cin, SdcA chuyin khao Sau dai hoc-
NHAN LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl Q
TOI PHAM XUYEN QUOC GIA...
yeu tdntide ngodi" faay d n gpi la tpi pfafm d tfnfa cfafit qufic t l lft faftnfa vi nguy Wim eho xfi hfi do d e ca nhfin, tfi chflc thyc Wfn, x&m pfafm tfi nfaflng lfi iefa eua d e qufib gia, hofc e i a d e d nh&n, tfi chflc vft d ylu to nude ngofti... Tfi pham d ylu to' nude ngofti cfi the dupe quy djnh trong e&e filu Udc qufib t l hoftc trong pbap lufit qufib gia. Tfi phfm d ylu to nfldc ngofti d thi eWu thfim quyin tfti phan eua cac Tda &n quIb t l hofic Toa fin qufib gia"<"';
v.v... Tuy nWen, theo ching tfii, hanh vi pham tpi dupe x&e djnh lft tfii pham cfi ylu to nUdc ngofti kbi nfi cfi mpt trong cac dfiu Wfu sau:
a) Ngufi phfm tpi lfi ngUfi nfldc ngofti, ngfldi khfing d qufib tjeh eia qufib gia nfi xiy ra tfi phfm (nhflng khfing thufc trudng hpp ngufi cia d c t l chic tfii pham d hoft dfng phfm tfii d nWeu qufib gia).
Vl du: raft ngflfi Trung Qufib pham tfi d Indonexia hay Thai Lan;
b) Dfii tflpng bj x&m hfi lft d e t l chflc, d nhan nfldc ngofti (cfi the d trong lanh thi hofic ngofti lanh t h i qufic gia nfi xiy ra tfi phfm). Vf dy, mpt lao dfng Vift Nam Itfy trfim tfti s i n c i a d n g ty Smgapore dang hoft dpng tfi Viet Nam;
c) Tfaim quyin tfti ph&n vft pfa&p luft dflpc ap dyng de truy cflu te&efa nWfm tfaufc mft qufi'c gia kfa&c quob gia nfi xiy ra tpi pfafm. Thdng thUdng thim quyin tfti pfa&n vft lu&t ap dyng thufic qufib gia nfi xay ra tfii phfm nhung trong mft stf trfldng hpp thfing If hoftc quy tftc chung cia tu pb&p qufi'c te' cfi quy dinfa kfafie. Vi dy, trong trUdng fapp hftnfa vi phfm tfi xay ra d nude A nhflng dfii tUpng hi x&m hai lft c& nh&n, tfi chflc nfldc B bay lfi ich qufib gia eia nfldc B thi nfldc B cfi tfal ed tfaim quyin tfti pfaan ng'u dflde nUde A eho phfip.
GiQa tpi pham xuygn quob gia vft tfi pham cd ylu t l nfldc ngofti cd sfl khac biet the hien qua ba tieu cW so s&nfa sau dfiy:
Tigu chi so s&nh Pham vi khfing gian thye Wfn tfi phfm
Tfnh chft't, mflc df nguy wlm
Chi thi
Toi phfm xuyen quoc gia Cfi the dupe thflc Wfn nWlu lln d nWlu qutfc gia bofc mpt lln nhflng cfie giai dofn phfm tpi.fiin ra d e&e qufib gia kfafie nfaau.
Lufin luon nguy Wlm vi kha nfing gfiy hfu qui tegn pham vi ldn hofic hfu qui hfing lof t de dpa den trfit ty, an linh eua mft kfau vUc nfto dfi faoftc cia toftn thi gidi.
Cd the Ugn quan din c&e t l chic tfii phfm hoft dfing phfm tpi d nWlu quoic gia.
Toi pham cfi yeu to' nflic ngoai Dflpc thye Wfn trong pham vi lanh t h i mfit qufib gia.
Mic df nguy Wim t i y thufc vfto tpi danh cy thi mft tfi pham thye Wfn.
4. Tinh ca'p thiet va trong tam dtfu tranh pfaong, cfaong toi pfaam x u y l n quo'c gia trong dieu k i l n tfaanfa lap, cung CO cfng dong ASEAN
Tfaye tefng khu vyc Dfing Nam A, ehua
Q NHANLpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl
Kfafing liln quan din eae tl chic tfi phfm hoft dfng pham tpi d nWlu qufib gia.
tinh din sy gfin kit c i a d n g ding ASEAN,
"" Xem: Nguyin TrUdng Giang, Nguyin Ngpc Anh, Cdng udc cua Liin Hpp qudc vi ch&ig tfi phfim a5 ti chdc xuyin qudi: gia vi cdc nghf dpth thu bi sung, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin dfin, Hfi N^i, 2005, tr.82.
stf 11-2011
vtfn dfi cfi nhflng filu Wen til nWgn vft xa fafii tfaufin lfi cfao sy b i n g ph&t d e loai tfii phfm xuyen quob gia.
Vi tu nhiin, Dfing Nam A nfim d pWa dfing nam chau A, nfi tilp gi&p gifla Thai Bmfa Dudng vft Xn Dp Dudng, d vj tii d u nfi gifla lyc dja A Au vfi lyc dja Austealia. Dja famh Dong Nam A bao glm mot hf thtfng c&e b&n dio, dio vft qufin dio dan xen gifla c&c biln vft vinh biln rat pbfle tf p'"). CWnh vi tri "ngd tu dudng' ciia t h i gidi da kWIn Dfing Nam A d m da trd thftnh e i a ngo mf u djch qufib t l , nfi Uln hW t h i gidi Dfing - Tfiy. Lfi the giao phUdng, nhtft lft giao thudng dudng biln
^ 3 Dfing Nam A ding thfi cung kWIn Wiu vyc nfty trd tfaftnfa tam film cua nan bufin Ifu vft bufin b&n ngufi. Ngofti ra, Dfing Nam A cdn "sd hOu" khu vUe Tam gidc vdng khfit tilng v l s i n xuft't ma t i y bfe nhtft t h i gidi vtfn Ift nfi cfi dja Wnh dftc bift khfi Wem so&t.
Vikinh ti- xd hdi, fafiu bet e&e qufib gia Dfing Nam A ( t r i Smgapore) diu d trong tWh trfng dang pfa&t trien. Trong nfaflng nftm gfin dfiy. tfib dp pfafit triln nfaanfa kWIn cho lulng tfti chinh, nguIn lao dpng lufin cfauyin bgn teong vft ra, vfto khu vUe khfing ngflng gia tfing. Tfagm vfto dfi, nftng Iflc quan ly faan cfal cua cfafnh quyen c&c qufib gia Dfing Nam A lft dilu Wfn thufn lfi cfao gian Ifn tiiUdng mW qufib t l , faoft dfng r i a tiln, bufin b&n ngufi... Do dd, cing vfi sy ph&t tiiln v l khoa hpe - cfing nghf, giao tiifing v&n t i i ti^n tiiftn t h i gifi, tWh efatft xuyln qufib gia, pW truyin thtfng c i a d e lofi tfii pfafm trong kfau vyc eftng gia tftng.
TRINH TIEN VIET, DUONG VAN TI^N C i n g vfi c&c filu Wen ty nWgn, xa fafii cua kfau vyc nfau t r i n , vifc tfaftnfa lfp, c i n g d mtfi Uen k i t d n g ding ASEAN dfi kWg'n cfao tfii pfaam xuygn qufib gia ted thftnh mpt tfafiefa tfaic ldn dfii vfi Dong Nam A. ASEAN Hifp hqi ckc qufib gia Dfing Nam A dUde tfaanfa lfp ngfty 08/08/1967 tiren ed sd Tuyln btf Bftng-db vfi muc tilu tfing quat lft xfiy dUng Hifp bfi thftnfa mpt to cfaic fapp tac Ufin Cfamfa pfai Ugn kg't sau rfng fadn vft rftng bufe bdn trgn ed sd pfafip ly Ift Hiln cfaUdng ASEAN"='. Do do, ngay sau khi dupc thftnh lfp, ASEAN da xac djnh d&'u tranh ehtfng tfii phfm xuygn qufib gia lft mft trong nhflng trpng t&m hpp t&c. Nfim 1997, ASEAN chmh thflc tWIt lfp cd c h i Hpi nghj Bp ctfp trfldng v l hpp tac trong Enh vyc nfty. Hfi nghj Bfi trfldng ASEAN v l tfii pham xuyln qufib gia lfin thfl nhfi't (1st AMMTC) hpp vfto thfing 12/1997 tfi Manila da ra Tuygn btf ASEAN v l ehing tfii phfm xuyen qufib gia, trong dd nhfo mfnh quylt t&m cfamfa trj eua ASEAN dtfu tranfa efatfng c&c lofi tfii phfm xuyln qufib gia.
Bgn Cfnh dfi, d l hdp t&e dtfu tranh phdng, efatfng tfii pfafm xuygn quob gia, ASEAN da x&y dyng vft tfafing qua Ki hoqch hdnh dqng ASEAN vi dau tranh chdng tdi phqm xuyin qudc gia ndm 1999 edng m hoqch cdng tdc di trii'n khai eu thi ndm 2002. Trong dfi x&e djnfa tdm Unh vyc uu tiln lft: a) Kfaing btf; b) Bufin b&n
Stfl1-2I1I
r « ^ r "'*^''?™'''*'"^a'rithuc.vn/Dong.Nam.
A-xet-ve-mat^eu.kien.tu.nhien.htm,tr.l
ban^tKT"™'^*"™'*^'*-'^'^'^-''™''
NHAN LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl Q
TOI PHAM XUYfiN Q u 6 c GIA...
ma tiy; c) Bufin b&n ngflfi; d) Ria tiln; d) Bufin ban vu kW; e) Cfldp bien; f) Tfi pfaam Wnfa tl; g) Tfi pfafm mfng"*"
Nfaflng Hnfa vyc tfp trung nfty da dfldc d n g ding qufic t l vft ASEAN ban hftnfa nWlu vftn bin, vftn Wfn ph&p ly de dtfu tranh phdng, chong'"'.
5. Cd che hdp d c dau tranh phdng, chong cfic toi pham xuyen quoc gia trong d i l u k i l n thftnh lap, c i n g ctf cfng dong ASEAN
Dfc tfnh da qufib gia c i a tfi pham xuygn quob gia kWin eho c&ch hftnh dfng ddn le cua moi qufib gia khfing du sic i n g phfi vfi loai tfii pham nfty. Vi vfy, trong filu Wfn thftnh Ifp, cing d Ugn kit cfng ding ASEAN, d e qufib gia trong khu vyc dft twit lfp d c ed cfal fapp t&c nfau sau:
• Ca cfii khu vuc
Hfi ngW Bf trfldng ASEAN v l tfi pfafm xuygn qufib gia (AMMTC) dfing vai trd lft cd cfal bao trim eia ASEIAN trong Enh vyc hpp t&c dtfu tianh phdng, ehing d e tfi pfafm xuyln qutfc gia. Ngofti ra, tfaam gia hpp t&c trong Enh vye nfty cdn cfi Hfii nghj Tl chic Cinfa s&t c&e nude ASEAN (ASEANPOL), Hfi ngW C&e quan chic eao d p ASEAN v l Ma tuy (ASOD), Hfi nghj Ting Vy trfldng Lanh sy d e nfldc ASEAN (DGICM) vfi Hfi nghj Quan chflc cao d p ASEAN v l tfl phfip (ASLOM).
Hfi nghj Bf timing ASEAN v l Tfi phfm xuyln qufic gia (AMMTC) hop vfi tfin sufi't 2 nfim/lfin, lfi ed quan djnh ra c&e quylt deh vft filu phtfi hpp tac ASEAN, gifla ASEAN vfi d e dtfi t&c v l ching tpi pfaam xuygn qufib gia.
B l NHAN LpC KHOA HPC X A l ^
T l cfaic Cinfa sfit d e nfldc ASEAN (ASEANPOL) tao filu Wfn eho d e ed quan tfaye tW pfa&p lu&t vi dfiu tranh chong tfi pfafm xuyln quIc gia fadp tac tnle tilp vfi nhau, thfing qua e&e bifn ph&p nhfl eWa se thfing tm, kinh ngWf m ngWfp vy, thye tW luft ph&p, efafiig toi pfafm binh sy vft tfii phfm xuyln qufib gia, twit lfp h i thfing thfing tin riing, kit nfii vfi bf tfafing tfafing tm e i a T l cfaic Cinh d t qufic t l (Wterpol). Ngofti ra, ASEANPOL da tfaftnfa lfp c&e i y ban dftc bift v l ehing bufin b&n ma tiy, cfafing bufin b&n vu kW, tfi pfafm tfti cfafnh vft kinh te, d&n df vft bftn giao tfi phfm"*'.
Hfi nghj Quan chic cao cfi'p ASEAN ve ma t i y (ASOD) duqc tfaftnfa lfp vfto nfim 1984 vft hpp djnfa ky faftng nftm. C&c Hfi ngfaj ASOD cfi nfi dung cfafnfa lft cWa se, efp nhft thfing tm v l tinfa Wnfa s i dung vft bufin b&n ma t i y d c&e nUde tfaftnfa viln, tfl dfi bftn tfaio vft xfiy dyng efie cfainfa sach phfl hpp nhim ngfin efafn, Wim so&t nfn bufin b&n, s i dung ma t i y .
Hfi ngfaj Bfi tefldng Tfl ph&p ASEAN (ALAWMM) dflpc thftnh lfp nftm 1986, hpp vfi t i n suft't 3 nflm/lln. C&e Enh vyc fapp t&e ey tfal bao glm: tUdng trp tu ph&p trong e&e vft'n d l hinh sy vft d&n sfl, din df, ehing tpi phfm xuyln quIb gia... Hoft
"* Xem: Http://Baean.mofiLgov.vn/thong-tin/12/actj>rinl/
ban-inJitml, tr.3.
"" Xem: Tr}nh Tifo Vi$t, Tfi ph^m xuyin quic gia, Trong sdch: Gido trinh Luft hinh mi quSc tf" (Nguyin Ng9c Chf chil biSn). Nxb. Chinh trj Qudc gia Hi N ^ 2012, tr.209 vfi cfic trang tilp theo.
'"• Xem: Tnidng D^i hflc Lu$t H i Ndi, Gido trinh Phdp luft cfng dSng ASEAN, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin din, Hfi NOi, 2016, tr.l38.
Stfl1-2l1t
TRINH TIEN VJFfF, DUONG V A N TIJN dfing tUdng trd tu phap ve Wnfa sy gifla
d c nyde ASEAN dfic biet dfldc c i n g d bfi vifc thong qua Hifp djnh tfldng trd v l tfl ph&p binh sfl trong khu vflc ASEAN nftm 2004.
Hfi ngW Ting Vu trudng Lanh sy d c nude ASEAN (DGICM) hpp thudng men, bftn v l c&e vfii de hpp tfie quan ly bign gifi nbu: Wem tra thi thye, xutft - nhfip cinh vft ngftn ngfla tpi pfafm xuyen qufic gia.
• Ca chi song phuang vd da phuang (trong khu vUc)
Theo dfi, de giii quylt tryc tilp d c v&n d l dftc thfl trong hpp tfie dfi'u tranh vfi tpi phfm xuygn qufib gia gifla d c nude lfin ngn bfin canh cd c b i khu vye, d c qutfc gia trong ASEAN edn cfi nhflng fainfa thflc fapp t&e song pfaudng, da pfaudng vfi qufib gia trong vfi ngofii ASEAN. Vf dy:
Vift Nam dfi ky kit Hifp djnh pfaong, efatfng tfi pfafm v l ma t i y vfi Lfio, CampueWa vfi Tfafii Lan nfim 1998...
Ngofii ky kit Wfp djnfa tUdng trp tu phap, cfic qufib gia trong khu vUc d n d nhflng faoft dpng pfatfi hpp nfafl tufin tia cfaung trgn biln, quin ly xufi't - nfafp cinfa, quin ly bign gifi... vfi cfic qufic gia ASEAN faofe c&c nude l&ng gilng nfau Nfaft Bin, Hfin Qufic, Trung Qufib...
6. Nfaflng g i i i pfa&p n&ng cao hifu q u i hdp t&c dau tranh phong, cfaong tpi pfafm x u y l n quoc gia trong dieu k i l n thfinh lap, cung co cong dong ASEAN
Nfafl vfy, tfl vifc ngWen cflu d c vfin d l da nlu, cfaing tfi cfao rftng, d n cfi nfaflng giii pfa&p nfing cao Wfu qui fapp t&c d&'u Stfl1-2ni
teanfa pfadng, efatfng tpi pfafm xuyln quob gia trong d n g ding ASEAN. Tuy nWfin, de flng pfafi vfi tpi pham nfty mft gia tftng, pbfle tf p tW cfic cd ehe nfty cung d n dupe tilp tuc c i n g d . Wen toftn, dong tfafi dUde hfi trd bftng nWlu giii phfip dong bfi nhu sau:
• ThiA lap cdc ca ehi chuyen mdn cho A<9» tdc ddu tranh pfidng, cfidng tqi p/ujm xuyen qudc gia trong khu vUc
Tren nln ting cd c h i hdp tfic chung (Hpi nghi Bp trudng ASEAN v l tfi phfm xuygn qucfc gia) d n x&y dyng e&e cd e h i chuygn mfin d&p flng ygu d u dfic t b i eua tilng lofi tpi pham xuygn qufib gia. Tfldng flng vfi Hfi nghj Quan chflc cao cfip ASEAN v l ma tiiy. cfi the tWlt lfp cfic Hpi ngbj v l mft d linb vye tfii pham trpng tfim nhu: bufin b&n ngufi, tpi phfm mfng, bufin b&n vu kW... Bgn cfnh dfi, cd quan h«?p t&e tfafle tW pfa&p Wft cung pfaii dupe t l cfafle tfaeo faufiig cfauygn mfin fafia. Lye Ifldng ASEANPOL nfin dflde Wen toftn tfaeo faudng pfafin cWa tfafinfa c&c bf pfafn trye tilp pfay tr&cfa Unfa vye tfii pfafm xuygn qufib gia ey tfal. Tfaeo dfi, nfa&n sy cua d c bf pfafn nfty se dupe dfto tfo cfauygn d u vft famfa thftnfa dupe nhflng ky nfing cfauygn ngWf p fadn phye vy cho dtfu teanfa efatfng lofi tfi pfafm mfi bp pfafn c i a minfa phy tdeh.
• Tiip tuc hodn thiin ca ad phdp ly phuc vu hqp tdc ddu tranh phdng, chdng tqi phqm xuyin qudc gia trong khu vuc
Ben Cfnfa c&e vfin Wfn c i a Lign Hpp qufib, d n g ding ASEAN dfi xay dyng
I « A N LpC KHOA HPC XAHpl Q
TQI PHAM XUYEN QUOC GIA...
tfaanh d n g Hiep dinfa tUdng trd tU pfa&p khu vflc nftm 2004, Cfing flde ASEAN ve cfaing kfaing btf nfim 2007, Cfing flde ASEAN vl cfaong bufin b&n ngflfi, dfc bift lft pfay nfl vft tre em nam 2015... Tuy nWgn, nWeu Rnh vyc tfii pfaam xuygn qufib gia dflpc x&e djnfa lft trpng tam dfi'u teanh trong d n g dong kfau vflc vfin efafla d ed sd pfa&p ly chung nhU: tfii phfm kinh tl, mua ban vu kW, tpi phfm mang... Dftc thu rigng eia tfi phfm xuygn qufie gia nfty khfing eW kWin cfao d n g tfic phfit Wfn, x i ly, khfic phuc h&u qui dftc bift khfi khfin mft d n rft't de gfiy tranh chtfp v l thim quyin tfti ph&n. Vi vfy, tilp tuc cd sd ph&p ly chung dl thing nhft't nhftn thflc vft djnh budng bpp tfic dfi'u teanh vfi cfie tfi pfafm nfty ein nfaanfa efadng dUde xfiy dyng vft faoftn tWf n.
* Tiip tuc hodn thiin Bd ludt Hinh su (BLHS) Viet Nam ndm 2015 vd cdc vdn bdn phdp ly lien quan din tdi phqm xuyin qudc gia ldm ca sd phdp
l:y xO ly, phuc vu fiqp tdc ddu tranh pfidng, cfldng tdi phqm xuyen qudc gia
Vift Nam d n tilp tyc faoftn tWen BLHS nftm 2015 vft efie v&n bin pfa&p ly bin quan din tfi phfm xuygn quIc gia ed d ph&p ly x i ly, phye vy hdp tac dfiu teanh phdng, ebing tfi phfm xuygn qufib gia, trong dfi d nWlu tpi phfm phii hoftn tWfn, giii tWeb thing nfafit de bio dim tmfa tUdng tWeb vfi phap luft trong khu vyc vft ylu d u nfi luft hfia e&e Cfing udc qufib tl. Vf dy:
a) Ban faftnfa vftn bin faudng din BLHS nftm 2015 v l cym tfl "tdchOc khing do*""
Q NHAN LpC KHOA Hpc XAHpl
(film a kfaoin 1 Dilu 299); pfafin fafia te&efa nWem hinfa sy trUdng hpp ehuin bj phfm tpi vfi phfm tpi chfla dft, tfi pham hoftn thftnh; v.v...
b) Bio dam sy thfi'ng nfatft gifla BLHS nflm 2015, Luft phong, efatfng mua ban ngflfi nftm 2011 va Cfing flde, vftn ban quIb tg''^' kfai s i dyng tfauft n g i "budn han" tfaay efao "mua b&n" vft trong tfldng quan vfi Bf luftt hinh sfl c&c nfldc (Lien bang Nga, Cpng hda Lign bang Die, Canada...)''", qua dd, mfi phan &nh chfnh x&e bin chtft phap ly cua hanh vi nfty vft tUdng tWeh vdi pfa&p luft quob tl; v.v...
e) Giii thfch cum tfl "biit ro Iddo pfiqm tdi md cd" trong tpi r i a tiln (Dilu 324 BLHS nftm 2015) trong tUdng quan nfi dung vi d dfiy, cac nhft Iftm lu&t mufi'n nfii din mpt c h i the nfto dfi vft cflng dong thdi muln lofi trfl hftnh vi tfl r i a tiln - hftnh vi c h i tfal tpi pfafm nguIn; faay kW x i ly ngflfi pfafm tfii r i a tiln, cfi phii ching minh ngfldi nfty da phfm tfi cy thi nfto khdng de cfi dfldc tiln, tfti sin bft't h ^ ph&p?; vtfn dl tr&ch nWfm hinh sy cua ph&p nh&n dfi'i vdi tpi phfm nfty cfi nln quy dinh khfing;...
"" Xem: Http://nghiencuuquocte.org/2015/02/22/chu.
nghia.khung-bo.
°°' Xem: Dilu 3 Ngh) d)nh thu v l v i ^ ngfin ngOa, trin fip vfi triing tri tdi pham budn ngUdi, dfc bi^t l i budn ban ph^ nii vfi tre em ban hinh kim theo Cdng Udc vl chdiig tdi ph^m cd td chOc xuydn qudc gia ciia LiSn H ^ qudc.
"" Xem: TrUdng D^i hpc Luft H i N^i, BLHS Liln bang Nga, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin dfin. H i Ndi, 2011, tr.l92;
Trudng D^i hpc Luft Hfi N§i, BLHS Cfng hda Liln bang Diic, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin dfin. H i N^i, 2011, tr.372; TrUdng D^i hpc Luft Hfi Nfi, BLHS Canada, Nxb. Cdng an nhfin d&n, H i Ndi, 2011, tr.l42;...
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• Ndrig cao ndng luc tu thdn cua cdc qudc gia thdnh vien phuc vu eho viec hqp tdc dau tranh phong, chdng tpi phqm xuyen qudic gia
Hpp tac qu& t l trong dfi'u tranh vfi tpi phfm khfing cW dfi bdi d We lupng chuyen trfich trinh dfi chuygn mfin, ngWfp vy, lanh ngWf m, df o die nghl ngWf p mft d n phii cfi Wlu bilt sfiu s&e v l dfic film, tmh famfa Wnfa tl, cfamfa trj, xa fafi qufib ttf, kfau vue; Win tfafle pfafip luft qufib ttf; dfic bift lft nftng lye ngofi ngfl. Chfnh vi vfiy, dl b?p t&e dtfu tranfa efatfng tfi pfaam xuygn qufic gia cfi Wfu qui, ding tfafi vfi vifc
^ u tfl tfii efaWh, tfing Cfldng lflc Ifldng, d c
^^^^3 *^^ ASEAN pfaii cfai trpng vife nfing eao nftng lye, trinfa dp efao dfi ngu e&n bf cfauyin tr&cfa c i a mWfa nfaftm dfip flng nfaflng ddi fadi nlu trin.
• Md rdng hqp tdc da phuang vd tdng cudng trao ddi, hqc tap kinh nghiim qudc ti trong ddu tranh phdng, cfldng tdi phqm xuyin qudc gia
C&c lofi tfii pfaam xuyln qufib gia ttft nWIn kfafing eW bfi fapp pfaam vi hoft dfng faay infa fafldng trong khufin khi ASEAN, nfafit lft vfi xu tfal toftn d u hfia. sy ph&t triln khoa hpe efing nghf vft vj tri dja ly cfi tWb chft't e i a ngfi giao thfing qufib t l e i a ASEAN. Do vfy. vifc dft'u teanh efatfng tfii phfm xuyln qufib gia khfing thi dft Wfu qui cao nlu ASEAN khfing md rfng hpp t&c da phUdng vfi c&c qufib gia kh&e ngofti cfng ding Hdn nfla, tfafing tin v l tfi pfafm, Wnfa ngWfm fapp t&c qufib t l trong d&'u teanh phong, cfaing tfii pfafm eua d c qufib gia, kfau v\^ Uen minh kfa&c trfin tfal gidi
TRINH TIEN VIET, DUONG V A N TIEN cung lfi nfaiing cWa se faflu fcfa dfi vfi ASEAN trong vife tfafle Wfn nWf m vy nfty.
Tom lai, vfi vile ra dfi Cfing ding ASEAN da dem lfi nWlu cd hqi pfa&t triln toftn fifn cfao d e nude trong kfau vyc. Tuy nWIn, cd fapi dfi cung dft ra cfao mli qufib gia kfafing ft khfi khftn, th&efa tfaic, dftc Wft lft nguy Cd bing pfa&t tpi pfafm cfi t l efaie, xuyen qufib gia. Do dfi, d l i n g phfi vft triln khW c&c bifn pfafip pfadng, efatfng tW giii quylt tefin pfaudng fifn ly lufn v l vfin di nfty Ift mpt ygu d u tft't ylu. Trgn cd sd dd, mfi cfi tfal d l xutft cd cfal, giii pfa&p dft'u teanfa pfadng, efatfng tfi pfafm xuygn qufib gia mft defa pfafl hpp, Wfu qui trong filu Wfn thftnh lfp Cfng ding ASEAN.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Le Vfin Cim, Sdch chuyin khao Sau dqi hqc: NhOng vdn di ea bdn trong khoa hqe ludt hinh sU (Phdn chung), Nxb. Dfi fape Quoc gia Hfi Nfi, 2005.
2. Nguyin Tfaj Pfaudng Hoa. "V&n di tfi pfafm fafia trong d c d n g udc dtfu tranfa vfi tfi pfafm xuygn qufib gia", Tqp chi Ludt hqc, sd 6/2010.
3. Nguy&i Ngpc CW (cfai biln), NhQng vdn di ly ludn vd OiUb tiin viludt hinh so qudb te, Nxb. Cfamfa tri Qufib gia, Hft Nfi, 2011.
4. Vo Kfaanfa Vmfa, Gido trinh Tqi phqm hqc, Nxb. Cfing an nfa&n dfin, Hft Nfi, 2006.
5. Jay S. Albanese. Transnational crimes.
Bin quyin tfaufc Dfi fapc Bang Virgmia, De Sitter, 2005.
6. Peter Andreas, SmuggUng Wars: Law Enforcement and Law Evasion in a Changing World, m Transnational Crime m tfae Americas 85 (Tom J. Farer. ed., 1999).
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