XUAT KHAU GAO VIET NAM:
THACH THUC \ A GIAI PHAP
• NGO KIM THANH
TOM I VI:
\ ici Nam Ii mgl trong ba nude dat sin lugng cao nhit v e xuit khau gao trdn thd gidi, tuy nhien gin day ed sy syt giam vd kim ngach xuai khau do nhOrng thay ddi tir thj trudng Trung Quoc vi cung - ciu gao tren thj trudng the gidi. Ngoai ra, trong didu kien bidn ddi khi hgu va tie dgng cua mgt logt dgp thuv didn. vi^c trdng lua de xuat khiu sd gip nhidu khd khin. Do vav.
bii vidl phan tich thyc trgng xuil khiu ggo hidn na> cua Vidl Nam. lir dd chi ra nhitng thich Ihuc ma Viet Nam dang phai ddi m§t v a kidn nghj mgt sd giii phap nhim cii thidn linh Irgng xual khau ggo cua \idt Nam hidn na>
Tir khoa: Xuil khiu gao. \ iC-i Nam. thj mrdng Trung Qudc. cung - cau ggo.
I. Khai quit vd tinh hinh xuil khiu gao \ ie( kv nim 2018. Tir nim 2013, kim nggch xual khiu Nam gao cd xu hudng syi giim do gao Vi?! Nam chju s^r
, , , ; - , • • . , • „ • ,- I • canh tranh gay git cua nhidu qudc gia xual khiu gao /. /. P e san lirifng va eac thi truimg chinh cua -. , : . : „ , ^, .. , *" , . ; : ._. . Iruyen ihong nhu An D(?. Thai Lan va mgl so quoc
T-, ,. : I . T-. L,' \ . V li'a mdi Iham gta vao thj trudng nay nhu Myanma, Theo thong kc cua Tong cue Hai quan. \ lei N.im } . ^ ^ ^ ,^_^ • & j j • li mgl irong ba nude dgi san lugng cao nlun \ c xuji
khau ggo trdn the gidi.
Bang 1. San lUdng vd kim ngach xuat khau
Campuehia
Dac biet, trudc kia Trung Qudc li nude nhgp nhieu gao Vidl Nam nhit, nhung tir nim 2019 do lac cJ^^'aqVwVNam 2012' 2020 " '^^"g '^"^ '^^'^ 9^'"^ '^''.^ '"^'- ^''"' "^^^^ "'^^P ^^^!' J cua TrungQudc giam gan65%sovdinim2018.Cac San lugng Kim ngach xuat .*• u • u-, 1 - 1 . . • .u L-„
/»,A .A«\ i,uA li.' Men\ ^ ) • '' luong va ve sinh an loan thirc pham kbit khe han. Cu thd. ggo phii dugc xdng triing 120 gid; bao bi, nhin mac phai ghi diy dii thdng lin ve xuit xir hang hda theo thdng 1? qudc td va phii dugc CO quan kiem nghiem ciia qudc gia niy ddng diu.
Thi trudng Trung Qudc gan day da chuydn lir thuong mai bien mau khdng chinh Ihuc, sang mua bin chinh ngach.
Rieng 4 thing diu nim 2020, xuat khau ggo sang thj trudng Trung Qudc ling manh. ling 131%
ve lugng va 172% vd kim nggch, gia ggo xuat khau cung tang 17,8% so vdi cimg kv nim trudc. Day co the la do lac ddng tir djch Covid-19. (Bang 2)
Cdc lhi tnrang chinh nhgp khdu gao H^i Sam .\giidn Tdng cue Hdi quan ndm 2019:
Bang I cho lhi>. nam 2019, xuit khau gao dai Theo thdng kd cua Tdng cue Hai quan, gao ciia ty.r tridu tin. tri gii 2.81 iv I SD. ting 4.4". vd V'?t Nam dugc xuil khau chu ydu sang Philippines khdi lugng nhung giam 7,2% vd gii trj so vdi ciing vdi hon 2 lri?u tin gao cd trj gia -gin 900 trieu USD.
nam 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (5 thdng dau
nSm)
(trieu t^n) 7.72
6.5 6.3 6,5 4.88 5.83 6.1 6,37
2.86
kh^u (ty U S D ) 3.6 2.9 2,9 2,8 2.2 2.62 3.03 2.81
1.4
KINH TE
Bdng 2. Xuat khau gqo vao thj hi/dng Trung Quoc
Kim nggch xuit Ty trgng kh^u (Ty $) .
0.79 NSm
2016 2017 2018 2019
35,9%
1.03 39,3%
0,7 0.24
23%
8,5%
Sgiii'iii Tdng cue Hai quan chiem 33.5% trong Idng lugng va chiem 31.5%
irong tdng kim ngach xuai khau gao ciia ca nude.
Tiep theo la cic qudc gia: Bd Bidn Ngi, Trung Qudc.
Malaysia. Ghana va Iraq. Theo ghi nhan cua Tdng cyc Hai quan. xual khau ggo cua Viet Nam nim 2019 sang hiiu hdt cac lhi trudng lang ca lugng vi kim nggch so vdi nim 2018, luy nhidn gia gao xuat khau cd phin syt giam so vdi nam trudc. (Bang 3)
Ben cgnh do, vide xuat khau vio nhirng thi trudng ddi hdi cao nhu EU la vd ciing khd khin. Dong thai, xuil khiu ggo ciia Vici Nam vao lhi tnrdng EU dang bj ip thue rit cao. Idn tdi tren 45% cang gdp phin khidn ggo khd dugc xuat khau vao EU. (Bang 4)
Theo thdng kd ciia Tdng cue Hai Quan, nam 2019, Vidl Nam xuit khiu sang EU 19.845 tin gao vdi gia tn khoing 10 trieu USD. Nhu vay, kim ngach xuit khau ggo vao EU chi chidm 0,38%. Day li mdt con ,M) V d cung nhd so vdi tidm nang lieu thu ciia thj irudng EU cflng nhu lidm luc v e xuat khiu ggo ciia Vidl Nam.
1.2. \'egidcd
Tir nam 2019 trd ve trudc, gia ggo Viet Nam ludn vio hang thip nhat so vdi cac nude xuat khau gao khac, tuy nhidn do nhu cau tren did gidi trudc dai dich Covid-19. gii ggo xuat khau cua \*iei Nam nam 2020 da cd cai thien dang kc
2. Thich thirc vdi xuat khau gao \\H Nam 2.1. Thi trtr&ng bi thu hep
Trudc day. Trung Qudc Ii thj trudng nhgp khau ehinh cua ggo Viet Nam. Hien nay. vdi nhimg quy djnh kbit khe han ndn kim nggch xuit khau vao Ihi Irudng nay giam mgnh. Ngoai ra. cd thdm cic nude Iham gia cung cip gao cho Trung Qudc. Vidl Nam phii cgnh tranh gay gat vai cac ddi ihu khac.
Hiep dinh Thucmg mgi tu do vdi Lidn minh chiu Au - EVFTA di duoc kv ket. tuv nhidn de Viet Nam xuil khiu dugc gao vao lhi tnrdng EU la rat kho, do vide dap img duoc hang rao kv thual cua EU khdng phai dd dang.
Xuit khau vao Ihj trudng chau Phi lgi nhuan thu dugc thap vi chi phi van chuyen qui cao.
Mgl so nude trong khu \uc trudc day nhap khau ggo. nay day manh tu cung lu cap, tham chi cdn sin xuil du thira dd xuai khau. Do dd, thj trucmg ciia ggo Viet cd xu hudng bi thu hep dan.
2.2. Bien ddi kid liqu vd cdc dap thuy dipn gdy dnh hirffiig .xdu den vi^c trdng lua
Viet Nam la 1 trong 5 qudc gia bj anh hudng ning nd bdi bidn ddi khi hau. Theo kich ban Bien ddi khi hau 2016. san lugng lua gao cd the giam trdn
Bang 3. Cac thj trUdng nhqp khdu gqo chu yeu cua Viet Nam nam 2019
Thj triFO-ng
T6ng cpng Philippines Bff Bien Nga Trung Qu6c Malaysia Gtiana Iraq
Nam 2019 LlfCTng (tan) Trj gia (USD)
6.366 469 ] 2.805 353.946 2 131.668 ' 884.947 516
583.679 252.633.047 477.127 240 391.971 551 583 218.798.985 427.187 212.648.202 300.100 154.439.249
So vai nam LifCFng
4,11 109,52
111,3 -64,2 15,55 15,09 0,03
2018(%) Trj gia
-8,43 92,58 61,36 -64,82 0,48 -0,7 -8,43
Ty trong trj gia
(%)
100 31,54 9,01 8,57 7,8 7,58 5,51 Ngudn: Tdng cue Hai quan
Bang 4. Xuat khau gao vao ttlj trudng EU nam 2019
Nam 2019 Thj tnrong
Ba Lan HSLan Pti4p Bi Tay Ban Niia l o n g
Lugrng (tan) 9.090 6.480 1.874 1498 903 19.845
Trj gia (USD) 4.780.286 3.403.347 1.095.110 990.102 413.547 10.682.362
Ty trpng tn gia (%)
0.17
0.12 1 0.04
0.04 0.01 0,38 ,\.i,'»[i'i Tong cifc Haiqum
30-35"ii khi mgc nude bien dang lOOcm khidn cho 16.8% didn tich ddng bing sdng Hdng vi 38.9"«di?n lich ddng bang sdng Cuu Long hi nggp lyt. \goai ra. nhidt dg lien tyc ling do bidn ddi khi hiu se anh hudng xau den ning suai lua. Dg bio den nam 2050.
nhidt dg cua \iei Nam sd ting Idn khoing i.5-2oC Theo linh loan cua cac nhi khoa hgc khi nhiet do ling Ihdm 1°C. nang suit lua se giam 10%.
Nhihig nim gin dav. han min di thucmg xuyen xav ra d v\ra lua Idn nhat \ lei Nam Ii ddng bang sdng Cim tong. Mcii irong nhimg nguydn nhan chinh gav ra hidn tugng nay la nguon nude sdng can kidl do lac dgng cua cac dap thuy dien a trdn sdng Mekong.
Ngoai vice lam giim luu lugng nude xudn^ ddng Km-^ sdii^ Cim Long gay ra \im nhgp man. cac dap ihuv didn cdn lim giim 50^0 lugng phii sa lim dii dai Ird nen cin cdi.
De san xuai ra 1 kg gao can Idi 3.000-5.000 lit nude va hidn ca> liia su dung ffdn 40^0 lugng nude nggi diing trong ndng nghiep (Td Phiic Tudng 20I2|
ndn bidn ddi khi hau gav han hin va su sut giam ngudn nude v a dg mau ma cua dat do thuy dien se la thach Ihirc tdn cho v idc trdng liia d Vidt Nam
2.3. Hieu qud kinh le khdng cao
Hidu qua kinh le ihap xual phal tir cac Ii do chinh sau.
Thir nhdi. ggo I lel Nam khdng cd thirang hieu.
chdl Iirang thdp. TheoGS.TS Vd Tong Xuan: "Nhac Idl ggo Thai Lan. ai cung tnei Khao Dawk Mali vi Horn Mail, Campuehia cd ggo Romduol, .Mvanmar
cd Paw San va An QQ Ii ggo Basmati, nhung ching ai biel gao iham Viet Nam li gi". Lugng ggo xuit khiu ciia Vici Nam chidm khoing 15% thj tmdng the gidi nhimg do khdng cd thuong hieu gao ndi b§t nen gia bin khdng cao. lgi nhuan thap.
Thir hai. nigng dong manh mim: Chiing ta biei rang, qui md sin xuil lua ggo cang Idn Ihi hidu qui cang cao, do chi phi giam, kha ning img di^ng cong nghd mdi cao va dac biet chat lugng hgi gao cung Idl hon V a ddng deu hon.
Nhung do chinh sach hgn didn ndn ddng rugng Viet Nam rat manh miin.
Hidn ca nude cd Idi 78 tneu manh mgng nho te ndn V idc su dung gidng phii hgp de phal trien thirong hidu qudc gia cho ndng san Viet Nam rai kho kliin Cac chuang trinh phii tridn ciy. con gidng da igo dugc trdn 100 gidng lua va ndng din Viet Nam da trdng chung iren cac ddng rudng phin manh ciia hg ndo khdng tao lap dugc gidng lua ed thuong hi?"
trdn thi trudng gao the gidi. Ngudi ndng din hay trdng nhirng gidng Ida co ning suit cao nhung chii lugng thap Rudng dat manh mim khidn vide co gidi hda khd khan va chi phi sin xuit cao.
Do trdng d quy md nhd ndn v iec ihu gom liia chu ydu do thuang lai dim nhan. thuong lai lgi dem vd phdi tron cac sin pham vdt nhau de bin, thinh ra moi bao gao cd nhidu gidng liia pha tap, chat lugng kem.
Thd ba. trdng hai den ba vu lua mdt ndm. Lgm dung phin bdn va thude bio v? ihgc vat; \'idc sin
KINH TE
L o ^ i gao
G90 5% tSm cua Vi0t Nam G90 5% t^m An Dd G90 5% t^m cua Th^i Lan
Bang 5. G i a g g o the g i d i 2019 - 2 0 2 0
USD/tan, gia FOB (trung binh nam 2019)
335-345 j 373-374 I 405-425
USD/tan, gia FOB Gia gao 27/5/ 2020
473- 477 368-372 488-492
\giidii Bd ^"".t,' nghiep vd Phdi irien ndng thon
xuil liia 2. 3 vg lien lyc trong nhieu nam lien da tim dit hdi miu md. bgc mau. Vide dip dd bao ngan lu Ur nhien de irdng vy 3 da lam han chd lugng phii sa va rua trdi tg nhidn. Vi thd. ndng din phai sir dung nhieu phan bdn va Ihudc trir sau. lim dg ngon vi sgch ciia gao giam dang ke.
Theo dieu tra ciia Vien Liia Qudc te thi chi phi phin bdn ciia Vidl Nam cao gap 1.21 tan so vdi Thii Lan; gap 1,63 lin so vdi Indonesia; 1.68 lan so vdi Trung Qudc vi 2.73 lin so vdi An Dg.
Chi phi cho Ihudc bio ve thuc vat Iren 1 ha liia lai Vi?t Nam cung cao hon 1,1 tan so vdi Thai Lan, 3.7 lan so vdi Philipiines; 2,38 lan so vdi Trung Qudc.
Vi^c lgm dyng phan bdn, thuoc bao vd thuc vat lim ling chi phi va giam chit tugng gao. Hang nim, loan viing ddng bang sdng Ciru Long sir dung khoang 100.000 Ian Ihudc bao vd thuc vai. trdn 2 irieu tin phan dam, trong khi theo cic nhi khoa hgc chi can khoang 50% tugng nav li dii.
Campuehia bin dugc gao vdi gia cao la do hp chi trong mgl vy moi nam. Song song vdi vide trdng gidng liia ngon. Campuehia ciing ap dung trdng liia hiiru CO. Hg da quy hogch viing rugng liia sach cd chit lugng dc xuit khiu sang Mv va chau Au. cic cdng dogn lam liia rii kbit khe. luvei ddi khdng su dyng hda chit, phan vd co. thude trir sau. Phan bdn noi day hoan loan lir phin hiru co, than thidn vdi mdi Irudng va sire khoe.
Gia ggo xuil khiu thip cdn do cac doanh nghidp xuil khiu g.io cua \ ici Nam chua cd lien kdl. hgp tac vdi nhau de ling sue canh iranh trdn thj trudng Ihd gidi. Cac doanh nghidp rat dgc Igp irong v iec lim kidm khach hang, dit gia. \av dung ihuong hidu.
Thir tu. < ung vinrt cau trong ddi han dan din gid gQO g t)e dam bio hieu qua kinh Id Irong dai han. cin cd lim nhin xa v e ihi trudng gao xuit khau.
Trong dai han, cung xuat khau gao cd kha ning sd tdn hem cau v i li do sau:
- Miii sd qudc gia gia tang trdng lua nhu An Dp, Campuehia va Myanmar.
Nhidu qudc gia dang nhgp khau ggo nhu Philippin, Inddndxia cac qudc gia chiu Phi dang nd
\\fc dau tu manh cho nginh Lua ggo de sdm lu tiic.
- Do thu nhap tang, cau ve gao cd xu hudng giam, nhal la cac loai gao chat lugng thap, ngudi lieu diing cd xu hudng giim hot linh bgl. tang thit ca trimg siJa irong khau phan an.
3. Cac Ichuyen nghj cho xuat khiu gao Vi^t Nam
3.1. Mff rong thj trir&ng bdng each xdy dirng thiamg hieu, ndng cao chdt Iirang thay vi chay theo .sdn lirong
Dd md rdng thj trucmg va tan dung dugc Hiep dinh Thuang mai lu do Viet Nam - EU (EVFTA), Hiep djnh Ddi tie Toan didn vi Tien bd xuydn Thai Binh Duong (CPTPP) Viet Nam. can nhanh chong
\ay dung thuang hieu, nang cao chat lugng gao.
Trudc kia. Trung Qudc la mgt lhi trudng de tinh vi la nha nhgp khau ton nhal. nhung gid hg cung da cd ddi hdi cao ban. Bdi vay, de tham nhgp dugc vao ihi trudng ddng dan nhat thd gidi va tiet kidm dugc chi phi van chuyen do vi iri dia ii. viec nang cao chat krgng gao cang tro nen cip thiel.
Theo dng Vd Tdng Xuan. Nha nude can td chiic binh luvdn cic gidng lua a limg vimg de chgn ra logi ngon nhal. Chang ban, trong han 20 ddng ciia gidng ST die san se tim ra dong idt nhat de san xuit gidng sidu nguyen ehung. nguydn chiing. xic nhan cung cip cho ndng din. Khi da chgn dugc gidng. doanh nghidp xuat khiu gao cung cap gidng cho ndng dan san xuat theo lidu chuan GAP (an loin, chat lugng va
truv nguvdn dugc ngudn gdc)
Mdi canh ddng vii tr4m hecia ehi lim mgt gidng.
Doanh nghidp phai eu kv su ndng nghiep iheo sudl qua trinh sin xuil. dam bao san phim dau vao cho ddn d.iu ra la I:JO doni: gdi xuil khau diMit; nhil vd chung logi vac hai luiiig. khdng co ^ao kl!.K lan vao.
Cd dugc san pham chat lugng. doanh nghiep v en tam ding kv nhin hidu, quang ba. tidp thi ra nude ngoai.
3.2. Chuyen djch ca edu ndng nghifp ung phd viri hien ddi khi hdu vd dnh hirinig eua cdc dap thuy difn
Can quy hogch lgi hd thdng ihuy lgi phii hgp vdi ca che gii^ Iii. ngSn min linh hogt ban.
(,)uv hogch va quan ly nghidm quv hoaeh rimg nggp nuln ngiip Ig dam bao can ddi mdi trudng. sinh thai.
Can \;iv dgng cic hd chira nude nggi Ting cic nhdm gidng liia chit lugng cao. chdng chju In! lian vai hgn m$n.
Chuyen ddi dai irdng liia a vimg bj xim nhap min sang nudi irnng thuy san nude Ig va eav trdng chju m^n.
3.3. Cdc gidi phdp ndng eao hifu qua kinh te euu vi{'e xudt khdu ggo
Mdi Id. klmyin khich luh tu niQiig ddt. nin long qii\ che hgn dien Nli.i nude nen ndi Idng quy chd han didn. cd chinh sich khuydn khich lieh ig rugng dit. \av dgng cinh ddng mau lan dd cd ihe dua co gidi hda va khoa hoc cdng ngh? vao doni: rugng.
hidn dai hoa quv irinh san \uai liia nhim ning cao chai lugng ggo vii."ii khiu vi nang cao hidu qua kinh id cho nyirdi trdng lua
Hai Id. cdn nhde tdi qua irinh giam sd vu trdng liur Giam sd vy irdng liia dd ling chat lucmg ggo v a
giam biVt vide sir dgng phan bdn. thuoc tru sau giiip gao \ ICI Nam xuat khau dugc vao cac lhi truimg khd tinh vdi ma eao.
Ba Id. timg htnA guiin dien tich trdng liia: Trong luang lai. do cung vugt ciu ndn gia gao co \u hudng eiim" Sy gia nhap thi truimg xuil khau ggo cua nhidu nude khidn cgnh uanh ngay cing tro ndn khde Met.
Theo lanh dgo Bg Ndng nghiep va Phal tridn ndng ihdn. nganh >e giam 500.000 ha dat lua dd chuyen s.ini: lliiiv san. rau. trai cay... nhim mang lai hidu qua kmh Id cao hon.
Theo Bg Ndng nghidp ^-i Phi' tridn ndng thdn.
Tiioi nim. N'lOi Nam san xual khoang 27.2 iri^u lin ggo irotiL! kill nhu cau lidu diing ngi dja gan 19 iricu lin gao. phin cdn du cd thd phyc vy cho xual khau luong duang hon 8 Uidu lin gao. Hien nay. v iec \uai khiu ggo mdi chii v nhidu den san lugng ndn can iihidii dit dc trong liia. Do vay. can giam di^n tich irong liia dgi tri, ehi ndn tap irung v au Irdng lua chit lugng cao dc ban dugc gia.
Bdn Id. ngdnh Liia ggo cdn lap tnmg i he bien sdu han, da dgng han. nhir: san xual gao hiju ca, gao dugc lidu; tgo them cae san pham phy nhu dau gao va cac mil hang dugc chd bidn tir cim.
Nam li. can cd cac chinh sach thu hiil dau lu, chinh sich lin dung, chinh sach thuang mai higu qua: Chinh phu va chinh quydn cic dja phirong cin dua la cac chinh sach ihu hiit doanh nghigp dau lu vi tham gia vao san xuil, phan phdi. chd bien gao. Can nang cao kha nang liep can lin dyng cho ndng dan, irang irai, hgp tic va va doanh nghigp trong ndng nghidp, ndng ihdn dd hg cd tien dau tu dua irng dyng cdng nghd vao san xuil. Can cd co chd kidm soil chat lugng ggo xuil khau va chinh sach hd trg xay dyng lidn kel chuoi gia tri ndng nghidp"
I \ i \.\\\ THVMKH.AO:
1. Bd NOHL: nghidp Va Phat tridn nong thon Cm3). Qityii dinh sd 2765/QD^IS\\-KIIC \ V/vDidn khungplidt Iriin
\Lin phdm qudc gia "San phdm Ida gao Hei \,'am chdt lirgng cao. nang »luii i no ngay 22/11 /2013 : . B(. N.mg n-2\wp va Phal indn nong ihon (2016|. Quvil djnh u) IH9H>{)l)-li\\.TT V/v ''Di dn Tdir,, edu ngdnh
Lua ggo IJ. / \.wi di:n nam 21120 vd idm nhin din ndm 2(1311". ngay 23'5'2016.
} CIEM. DOI V3l N Iniversuv (20121. Toe ddng ma Im'n d6i khi hdu idi lang Inrdng vd phdt in,'i Sam N M l Thong kc
4 K \ l ) ( : i i : i ) | . I \l> Rice Pnce L pdatcliiir -MM-Hfaoorg/ecoiwmic/esi/pubhcaiioiu nce-puhlicalioo^
pricc-update/cii
5 I'N Ni:uvcn Oirc Thanh va Dinh Tuan \linh l2UL^i, Thi intimg hiu ^w, \K-I \am Cai cdch de i Hong Diic. Ha Nin
- Viet
KINH TE
6. Thd Cuong (2020). Gid ggo .xudt khdu An Do va Thdi Lan gidm mgnh. llei \am duy Iri d mue cao. hltps:/
ihuongtruong com.vn/kinh-le/gia-eao-xual-khau-an-do-va-thai-lan-giam-manh-viei-nam-duy-ln-o-muc- cao-29489 html <truy cgp ngay 29 5>
7.Qii6chdi(201.l|. >LuaIs6:45 2()I3/QHI3: Luat Dii dai. > ngay 29 11 201?
8, WB (2016). Bdo cdo Phdt Irien I'n'i \am 2016 Chuyen doi Song nghiep ''I'f Nam: Tdng gid In. giam ddu vdo.
WB Hdng Dire. Ha Neu Ngiy nhan bii: 22/4/2020
Ngi\ phan bi^n dinh gii \ a sira chQ-a: 2'5 2020 Ngav chap nhan ding bii: 12/5/2020 Thdng lin uu gm
IhS.NtiO KIM THANH Khoa Kinh Ic - Hgc vi^n Ngan hing
VIETNAM'S RICE EXPORT: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
• Master. NGO KIM THANH Faculty of Economics Bonking Academy ABSTRACT;
Vietnam is one of three biggest rice exporters in the world. However, the country has experienced a decline in rice export turnover recently due to changes in China market and the rice supply - demand in the world market In addition, the rice production of Vietnam is negatively affected by climate change and many newly established hydroelectric dams.
This article analyzes Ihe curreni slate of Vietnam's rice export and highlights challenges that Vietnam has to face, thereby proposing some solutions to boost \ieinam's rice export.
Keywords; Rice export, Vietnam. China market, rice supplv and demand.
