ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮ ﺛﻌﺎﻟﺒﯽ

(1)

.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺷﺎﻧ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﯽﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﮥﻳﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ یﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﮥــﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﺑ ﺱﺎﻨــﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ﻝﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﻳﻭ یﺍ ﻪــﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻩﮋــﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺪــﺷﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ یﻭﺭ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﯽﺑﺎﺘﻛ ۀﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ؛ﺪﻨﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺳﺍﺭﺁ ﺏﺩﺍ ﮥﺣﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ یﻭ ﮥﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ

ِﺖــﺳﺭﺩ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﮔ ﻥﺁ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﯽﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺖــﺳﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﮥﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺮــﺷﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﺟ ﯽﻣ یﺭﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻪﻧ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﻣ ًﺎــﻌﺒﻃ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻪــﻗﺍﺪﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ۀﺪــﺷﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪــﻧ ﻭ ﻢــﻴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﺖــﺳﺭﺩ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﺘﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕــﻳﺎﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺷﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ یﺎﻫ ﻑّﺮﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ﺎﻨــﺷﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮــﺷﺎﻧ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺷﻭﺮﻓ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﺮــﺸﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮــﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ؛ﺪﻧﺮﺗ ﻝﺎّﻌﻓ ﺮــﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺼﻴــﺳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻭﺖّﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮــﺸﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﮥﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺺﺧﺎــﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﯽﺘــﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺮــﺸﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ :ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧﺍ ﯽﺘــﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺩﺎــﻴﻨﺑ ،ﺮﻃﺎــﺷﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺎــﺴﺣﺍ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ...ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ یﺮﻠﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﺗﺎﻧ ﺰﻳﻭﺮﭘ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩﺎﺷ ﯽــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ یﺩﺰﻳ ﺭﺎــﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮــﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎــﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ «یﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﯽــﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﮥــﻨﻴﺠﻨﮔ» :ﻥﺁ ۀﺪــﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻭ یﺍ ﻪــﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ «ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﯽﺑﺩﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎــﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ» ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻠﺑﺖّﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺨﺑ یﺭﺎــﻳ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺍﻮﮔﺭﺰﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﯽﻋﺎﻔﺘﻧﺍﺮﻴﻏ یﺩﺰﻳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺎــﺸﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﯽﺘﻨﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺮــﺛ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺎﺛﺭﺍﻭ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧ

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ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﮥﺘﺧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ یﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺵﺮﺘــﺴﮔ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﺑ

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^ﯽﺼﺨﺷ

ﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻤــﺷﺯﺭﺍ گﺭﺰﺑ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻍﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ۀﺩﻮﺗ ﻒﻗﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ «ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﮥﺴﺳﺆﻣ» ﻭ «ﺍﺪﺨﻫﺩ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻐﻟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ» ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺬــﮔﺍﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺘــﺳﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﮥــﻠﺠﻣ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻴﻧﺍ ﻪﭼ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﭼ

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ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ یﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖّﻴﺼﺨــﺷ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﯽــﺷﺮﻓ

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ﻒﻗﺍﻭ ﯽﻟﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺖّﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺖﺨﺑ .ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﺵﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻚﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ یﺮــﺴﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺸﮔ ﺭﺎﻳ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻚﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ،(1389-1304) ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﻧﺍﺩﻭﺎﺟ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺪــﺷ ﺐﻴﺼﻧ ﻭ ﺖــﺸﮔ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺩﺍ ﮥﺣﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺁ ﻡﺎﻧ یﺪﻨﻤــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﯽّﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ کﺎﭘ ﻭ ﯽﻨﻐﺘــﺴﻣ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻨﻣﺍ ﺕﺄﻴﻫ ﯽﻟﺩﺭﺍﺪﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪــﺷ ﻢﻴﻈﻋ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ۀﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ یﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﮥﻳﺎﭘﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ یﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﺖّﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺏﻮــﺴﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻴّﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ

ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺮﻴﺴﻟﺍﺭﺮﻏ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ

ﻦـﺷﻭﺭ ﺪـﻤﺤﻣ

ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ کﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ

ﺱﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﻨﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ

(2)

.ﺶﻳﺎﺘﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،یﺩﺰﻳ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ !ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺍﺭﻮــﺸﻨﻣ 138 ۀﺭﺎﻤــﺷ ﺮﻴﺴﻟﺍﺭﺮﻏ ﻭ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻧﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ یﺎﻗﺁ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮــﺳ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻘّﻘﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ .ﯽﻧﻼﻴﮔ ﮥﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺭﻮﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﯽﺸﺠﻨﺳ ،ﺪﻳﺁ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ یﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍ کﻮﻠﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﺭﺮُﻏ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻣ یﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻢﻫﺮﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻴﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺰــﻧ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺍﻭﺁﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻝﺪﻜﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﺶﻳﺎﺘــﺳ ﻭ ﺎﺗﺍﺭﺎﻬﺑﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ،ﯽــﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺏﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪــﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﻣﻮﻫ ﻪــﺴﻳﺩﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻴﻠﻳﺍ ﻭ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻜــﺴﻧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻧﺎﻳﺎﻣﺍﺭ .ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣﻭﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻴﺌﻧﺍ ﻭ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳ ﺩﻭﺮﺳ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪــﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﺘﻠﻴﻣ ۀﺪﺸﻤﮔ ﺖﺸﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻒﻟﻭﻮﻴﺑ ،(ﻪــﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﻥﻻﻭﺭ ،(ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺕﺎــﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﻦﮕﻧﻮﻠﺒﻴﻧ ﺩﻭﺮــﺳ ،(ﯽــﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﺕﺎّﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﻮــﺳﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻴﻠــﺷﺭﻭﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺭ ﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻧﺍﺩ ﯽــﻫﻻﺍ یﺪــﻤﻛ ﺭﺩ) ﺭﻮﮕﻳﺍ ﮥﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﻭﺮــﺳ ﻭ ،(ﯽﻟﺎﻐﺗﺮﭘ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ) ﺩﺎﻳﺯﻮﻟ ،(ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ (ﯽﺳﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍ کﻮﻠﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﺭﺮﻏ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺖﻔﮔ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻎﻳﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺎّﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻫ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻕﺎﻔّﺗﺍ ﻥﺁ ۀﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺧﺎﻨــﺷ ﻭ ﻢﻫﺮﻴــﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪــﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ یﻮــﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻕﺮــﺸﺘﺴﻣ (1914-1826) گﺮــﺒﻨﺗﻭﺯ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣ ﮥﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﯽﻄﺧ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨــﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘــﺴﺨﻧ ،ﺩﻮﺑ یﻮــﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ (ﯽﻤﻌﻠﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ =) یﺮﺒﻃ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺮﻴﺴﻟﺍﺭﺮﻏ ﺯﺍ ﯽــﺸﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﻪﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﻤــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﯽﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ۀﻮﻴﺷ ۀﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻭﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻤــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺐﻳﺩﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺮﻬﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺰــﻴﻧ ﯽﺒﺘﺠﻣ ،ﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﻭﺭﺩﺎﺷ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺏﻮﺴﻨﻣ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ یﺍ ﻩﺪﻨــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺍﺭ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ۀﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ،یﻮﻨﻴﻣ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﯽــﻨﻏﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﺑ ﻦــﺴﺣ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻦﺨــﺳ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺠﺑ ﺩﻼﺑ ﺯﺍ «ﻦﻏﺮﻣ»

کﻮﻠﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﺭﺮﻏ

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ﺩﻮﺧ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،یﺭﻮﺑﺎﺸﻴﻧ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺘــﺷﺎﮕﻧ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪــﺑ ﺍﺭ

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^{ﻢﻫﺮﻴــﺳ}^ﻭ^{ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍ}

ﻦﺑ ﺮﺼﻧ (ﺮّﻔﻈﻤﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﺎﻳ) ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ،یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺭﺩﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﮥﻧﺎﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﮥﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘــﺳﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﺻﺎﻧ

ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ .(143-131 ﺺﺻ ،14-13 ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ،ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ :ﺭﺩ) ﺭﻻﺎــﺳﺪﻴﻣﺍ ۀﺰﻤﺣ ،ﯽﺳﺪﻘَﻣ ،یﺮﺒﻃ :ﻥﻮﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯽﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻛ

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^{یﺯﻭﺮﻣ}^{یﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ}^{،ﻪﺑﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ}ﻦﺑﺍ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻉﻭﺮــﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ

،ﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :ﻚﻧ) ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﯽﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻭ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻡﺎــﻧ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺩﺎــﻳ

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^{(1 ﺝ}

ۀﻮﻴﺷ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ» :ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘــﺷﻮﻧ ،یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ ﺱﺎّﺒﻋ ،ﻪﻳﺎﻤﻧﺍﺮﮔ .«ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘــﺳﺭﺩ یﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ یﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺩﺮﻛﺩﺎﻳ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﯽــﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻳﻮــﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻭ ...» ؛^{(476 ﺹ)} یﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻣ] ﻪﻳﺎﭘﺭﺎﻛ یﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ [.ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺎــﺳﺭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ؛ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﮔژﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ یﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ» ،«ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ» ،«ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ۀﺪﻨــﺴﻳﻮﻧ» ﻥﻮﭼ «ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻨﭘ ﻥﺎﻴــﺳﺭﺎﭘ» ،«ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ» ،«ﻩﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔ ﯽــﺧﺮﺑ» ،«ﺎﻫ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻣ ﺵﻮﻜﺘﺨــﺳ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻩﺎﮔ ﻥﺁ .^{(477 ﺹ)} «.ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺮــﻬﺑ ...ﻭ ﯽﺘّﻗﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻊــﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﮥــﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽــﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﺘﺳ یﺎﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﯽﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻨﺳ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ۀﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺮﻳﺬﭙﻟﺩ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ یﺮﮕﺸﻳﺎﺘﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ۀﺪﻳﺩ ﯽﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ۀﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺖــﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﺘﻔﻴﺷ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻳ ،ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﯽﺠﻧﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ

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یﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ،ﺪﻨﻤﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﯽﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻚﺒﺳ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ

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ﺖﺳﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺰﻛﺎﭘ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺣ یﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﮥﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻧﺍﺩ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،یﺭﺎﺑ «ﻪﻣﺎﻧ یﺍﺪﺧ =ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ» ﺎﺑ یﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ یﺭﺎــﺛﺁ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺩﻮــﺧ ﻭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ :ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ؛(493 ﺎــﺗ 487 ﺺﺻ) ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ؛^{(484 ﺹ)} یﺮﺒﻃ ﻭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ؛^{(497 ﺹ)} ﻪــﺑﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ؛^{(493 ﺹ)}ﯽــﺳﺪﻘَﻣ ﻭ ﻭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ «ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ» ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﺑ ﻪﻛ) یﺯﻭﺮﻣ یﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ :ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻴﺑ ﻭﺩ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪــﻣﺁ ﺙﺮــﻣﻮﻴﻛ ﻦﻴﺘــﺴﺨﻧ

ﯽﻫﺎﮕــﺸﻴﭘ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﯽﺘﻴﮔ ﻪــﺑ ﺶــﺘﻓﺮﮔ

(3)

ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﯽﺘﻴﮔ ﻪــﺑ ﯽﻟﺎــﺳ ﯽــﺳ ﻮﭼ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺍﻭﺭ ﯽــﻳﺎﺟ ﺮــﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶــﻧﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻪــﻛ

ﻭ ﺽﺭﻻﺍ کﻮﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﯽﻨــﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ۀﺰــﻤﺣ ﺯﺍ ﯽــﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺭﺎﻌــﺷ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ؛ﻥﺎﻫﺎــﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺒﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ =ﺎﻴﺒﻧﻻﺍ

(502 ﺹ) .ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ یﺍ ﻩﺮﻘﻓ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺯﺍ «یﺭﺍﺪﻨُﺑ ﻭ ﯽــﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ یﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎــﺴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﻧ»

ﻪﺘﻔﮔﺎﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ یﺎﻗﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮــﺳ ﺲﺑ یﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻣ ﯽﻣﺍﺮﮔ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﮔﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺭﺍﺬﮕﻧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﺑ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻦﺑ ﯽﻠﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺢﺘﻓ ،یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﺧﺭﺩ ﺲﺑ ۀﺮﻬﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ـﻫ 624 ﻭ 620 یﺎﻫ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﮥﻧﺍﺩﻭﺎﺟ ﮥــﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﺑﺯ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻩﻮﺒﻧﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺧﺭﺩﺎﻧ یﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﺎﺑ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﻣ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ یﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎــﺴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻓﺎﻏ ﯽــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﮥﺘﻜﻧ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ـﻫ 384 ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﺘــﺴﺨﻧ ﯽﻣﺎﻧ ﻒﻟﺩﻮﺑ ًﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺱﻮـﻃ ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺒﻴﺘُﻗ ّﯽَﻴ ُﺣ ﺎﻣ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﻋﺎــﺷ 395 ـ 6 یﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﺭﺍﻮﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺮـﻋﺎــﺷ ﻦـﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺎــﺑ . ـﻫ ﮥﻳﺎﻣ (ﺖﺼــﺷ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﯽﻨــﺳ) یﺮﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻂﺤﻗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﺩﺩﺮــﮔ ﯽﻣ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮـﻋﺎــﺷ ﯽـﺘــﺳﺪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ :ﺪـﻳﺎﻣﺮـﻓ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎـﺘــﺳﺎـﺑ ﮥــﻣﺎـﻧ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻢـﺘــﺳﻮـﻴﭙﺑ

ﻥﺎــﺘــﺳﺍﺭ ﺮــﺘــﻓﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪـﻳﺪـﻨــﺴـﭘ ﺪــﻫﺩ ﺮــﺑ ﺍﺮــﻣ یﺮــﻴﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺎــﺗ ﻪــﻛ ﺪـــﻫﺩ ﺮـــﻓﺍﻭ ﺭﺎــﻨـﻳﺩ ﻭ ﯽـــﮔﺭﺰـﺑ

ﻪﺑ گﺭﺰﺑ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﮕﻤﻫ ،ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﺘﺒﻟﺍ (ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮕﻫﺩ =) ﻥﺎﻧﺎﻘﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺎــﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺿﻭﺮﻋ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﮥﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﻳﺮﻗ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ،ﯽﻧﺎــﺳﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﻘﻫﺩ ﻭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺱﻮﻃ ﯽﺛﻭﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻝﺍﺩﻮــﺌﻓ یﺎﺒﺠﻧ یﻼﻔــﺳ ﮥﻘﺒﻃ ﻮﻀﻋ ﻭ ،ﺏﺎﺤﺼﻣ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ :ﻚﻧ) ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ۀﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪــﻬﻋ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ یﺎﻘﺑ ﻭ ﻆﻔﺣ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ .(ﻥﺎﻘﻫﺩ ﻞﻳﺫ یﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺐﺗﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺸﭘ ﻭ ﺮﮕﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ یﻮﺟﻭ ﺖــﺴﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺰﮔﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻥﺎــﺳﺁ 401 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻨﻳﺍﺮﻔــﺳﺍ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﺑ ﻞﻀﻓ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﺖــﺴﺨﻧ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻢﻟﺎﻋ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﻭﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ یﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠــﺳ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ

ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺎﻨﺑ ﺦﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ یﺍ ﻪــﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺍﺪﺘــﺳﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭﺍ ﮥﻧﺍﺩﻭﺎﺟ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ :ﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺘــﺴﮔ ﺵﺮﻓ ﯽــﻜﻳ

ﻥﺎــﻬﻧ ﺩﺩﺮــﮕﻧ ﺶﻧﺎــﺸﻧ ﺰــﮔﺮﻫ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳﺪﻨﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺪــﻗﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺮــﻓ ﺎــﺠﻛ ﺖــﺳﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻦــﺑ ِﻞــﻀﻓ ﻪﮕﻨﺘــﺴﺸﻧ ﺖــﺳﻭﺪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﺁ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳﻮﻜﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪــﻣﺎﻧ ﺮــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮــﺧ

(171 ﺹ ،4 ﺝ ،ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻘﻟﺎﺧ پﺎﭼ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ)

ﯽﻨﻳﺍﺮﻔــﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﯽﻣﺮﮔ ﺖــﺸﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺙﺩﺍﻮــﺣ ﺩﺮﺒﺘــﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻅﻮﻔﺤﻣ یﺍﺮــﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻭﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﯽﻣ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠــﺳ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺿﻭﺮﻋ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻝﻮﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺖّﻨﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻩﺎﺟ ﺡﺪﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻂﻴﻠﺨﺗ کﺎﺧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻋﺯﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﯽﻨﻳﺍﺮﻔﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻀﻐﻣ ﺭﺍﻮﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﺖﺨﺑ ﻕﺭﻭ .ﺪﺳﺭ ﯽﻣ ﺕﺩﺎﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺠﻨﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺯﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺪﻴﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﯽﻨﻳﺍﺮﻔﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ﺎﻣ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﻳﺩ یﺎﻫﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻭ ﺮﻴــﺷﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺮــﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﻭﺬﺒﻣ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻉﺎﺿﻭﺍ یﺪﻨﻤﻴﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ،ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ .ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ـﻫ 395 ﺎﻳ 394 ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ـﻫ 384 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺞﻧﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ یﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺁ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎــﻬـﭼ ﺎــﺑ ﻩﺩ ﻝﺍّﻮــﺷ ﺯ ﻪـﺘــﺷﺬـﮔ

ﺭﺎـﻳﺮـﻬــﺷ ﺮــﺑ ﺩﺎــﺑ ﻦــﻳﺮـﻓﺁ ﯽــﻜﻳ ﺝﺍﺮــﺧ ﺮــﻬﺑ ﺪــﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﮋــﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻭّﺮــﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍﺪــُﺑ ﻥﺎــﻣﺮﻓ ﻪــﻛ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯ ﺪــﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﯽــﺟﺍﺮﺧ ﯽﻟﺎــﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺶــﻴﻛ ِﺩﺮــﻣ ﺯﻭ ﺭﺍﺪــﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪــﻨﻳﺩ ﺯ

ﺩﺎﺘﺸﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻳﻭﺩ ﻒﻳﺍﻮﻄﻟﺍ کﻮﻠﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ،ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺎﻏﺁﺮﺳ

(4)

ﻝﻭﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻛ

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«ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺳ ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺒﻗﺎﻣ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﺖﻣﻮﻜﺣ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﯽﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ یﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﺑ ﻩﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ

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^ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻒﻳﺍﻮﻄﻟﺍ کﻮﻠﻣ :ﺖﺳﺍ کﺎﻧﺯﻮﺳ ﺲﺑ ﻭ ﺪــﻨـﻠـﺑ ﺥﺮـــﭼ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮــﺑ یﺍ ﻻﺍ

ﺪﻨﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ﺍﺮــﻣ یﺮــﻴﭘ ﻪــﺑ یﺭﺍﺩ ﻪــﭼ ﯽﺘــﺷﺍﺩ ﻡﺮــﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮــﺟ ﻡﺩﻮــﺑ ﻮــﭼ ﯽﺘــﺷﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺭﺍﻮــﺧ ﺍﺮــﭼ یﺮــﻴﭘ ﻪــﺑ ﺭﺎﮕــﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﮔ ﺩﺩﺮــﮔ ﺩﺭﺯ ﯽــﻤﻫ ﺭﺎــﺧ ﺞــﻧﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺩﺮــﮔ ﻥﺎــﻴﻧﺮﭘ ﯽــﻤﻫ ﻍﺎﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﻳ ﻭﺮــﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺪــﺷ ﯽــﻳﺎﺗﻭﺩ ﻍﺍﺮﭼ ﯽــﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺁ ﺖــﺸﮔ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻥﺎــﻤﻫ ﻩﺎﻴــﺳ ﺭﺎــﺴﻫﻮﻛ ﺪــﺷ ﻑﺮــﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺮــﭘ ﻩﺎــﻨﮔ ﺪــﻨﻴﺑ ﻩﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻜــﺸﻟ ﯽــﻤﻫ ﻥﻮــﻨﻛﺎﺗ یﺪــُﺑ ﺭﺩﺎــﻣ ﺭﺍﺩﺮــﻛ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﻮﺧ ﻮــﺗ ﺞﻧﺭ ﺯ ﺪــﻳﺎﺑ ﺖــﺨﻳﺭ ﯽــﻤﻫ ﻮــﺗ ﻚــﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺖــﺴـﻴﻧ ﺩﺮــﺧ ﻭ ﺎــﻓﻭ ﻮــﺗ ﻚــﻳﺭﺎـﺗ یﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻢــﺠﻧﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮــﭘ

!ﯽــﻳ یﺩﺭﻭﺮـﭙﻧ ﺰــﮔﺮـﻫ چﺎـــﻛ ﺍﺮــﻣ

!ﯽــﻳ یﺩﺭﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،یﺩﻮــﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺮــﭘ ﻮــﭼ ﻡﺭﺬــﮕﺑ ﯽــﮔﺮﻴﺗ ﻦــﻳﺰﻛ ﻪــﮔ ﻥﺁﺮﻫ ...ﻡﺭﻭﺍﺩ ﺎــﺑ ﻮــﺗ یﺎــﻔـﺟ ﻢــﻳﻮـﮕﺑ

(133-4 ﺺﺻ ،ﺎﺠﻧﺎﻤﻫ)

ﺭﺎﻨﻳﺩ ﻚﻳ ﺖﻴﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮــﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺐﻘﻟ ﻪﻛ یﺪﻨﻤﻴﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﯽﻫﺍﻮﺧﺪﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ ،ﺪﻫﺪﺑ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ یﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ «ﺓﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﺷ»

ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﺓﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺨﻫﺩ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻐﻟ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮــﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﺍ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ یﺪﻨﻤﻴﻣ ﻦــﺴﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺐﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻝﺎــﺳ ﻪﺑ یﻭ .ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻭﺍ ﺎــﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﺮﻴــﺷ ﻥﺎﺘــﺴﭘ ﻚﻳ ﺮﮕﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﺘﺳﻭﺩ ،ﯽﻨﻳﺍﺮﻔــﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻝﺰﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ـﻫ 404 ﻪﺑ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺩﻮــﻤﺤﻣ یﻮــﺳ ﺯﺍ ،ﯽــﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﺨﺳ یﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻴﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ

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ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺭﺎﻨﻛﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ـﻫ 415 ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ 422 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺲﺒﺣ ﺭﺩ

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^{ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ}^ﺮﺴﭘ

ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻥﺪﻴﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻌﺷ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ یﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺪﺠﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻐﻣﺍﺩ یﺮــﻬﭼﻮﻨﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﯽﺧﺮﻓ ﺡﻭﺪﻤﻣ ﻭ

.ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺎﻛﺮﺒﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻦﻴﺘــﺴﺨﻧ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﺨــﺳ ۀﺪــﺷ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺖﺳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻭ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ۀﺩﻭﺮــﺳﺯﺎﺑ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨــﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺪــﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺒﺧ ﯽﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﻣ ﯽــﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻢﻴــﺷﺎﺑ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻪــﺳ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ یﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎــﺷﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ

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یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﻮــﺳ

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^{ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺎﻣ}^{ﺖــﺳﺩ} ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪــﻤﺟﺮﺗ

:ﻚﻧ) ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ یﺭﺍﺪﻨﺑ ﺮﻳﺰﮔﺎﻧ یﺎﻫ ﯽﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﻣﺍﺮﮔ ۀﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺖﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺰﮕــﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ .(521 ﻭ 503 ﺹ

.ﻢﺘﺴﻫ ﺶﻳﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﯽــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،گﺮﺒﻨﺗﻭﺯ» ﻪــﺑ ﺲﭙــﺳ ﺪﻨﻤﺟﺭﺍ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ گﺮﺒﻨﺗﻭﺯ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﻫﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﯽﺘــﺳﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﻣ «ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔﺭﺩ ﻭ 1826 ۀﺩﺍﺯ) یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ یﺎﺷﻮﻛ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﻭﺎﺧ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣ ﮥــﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﯽﻄﺧ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨــﺴﻧ ﺭﺍﺪــﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،(ﻡ 1914 یﺮﺒﻋ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﺮــﺳ ﻭ ﯽﺸﺒﺣ ﯽﻄﺧ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨــﺴﻧ ﺖــﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ) ﯽﻤﻌﻠﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺮــﻛ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺁ یﺮﻣﺎــﺳ ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ،ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻛ یﺮﺒﻃ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﯽــﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺍﻭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﻡﺩﺮﻛ ﺮــﺸﺘﻨﻣ یﺮﺒﻃ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺮﺳ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ یﻮــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ 5 ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ پﺎﭼ ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ (ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺮﻴــﺴﻟﺍﺭﺮﻏ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ؛ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ یﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ .ﺪﻨﻬﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺝﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ یﺎﻫ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﻮــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﺭ ﻦﺨﺳ ﯽﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ :ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎــﺸﺨﻴﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺥﺎــﺷﺪُﺑ ﻩﺎــﺗﻮﻛ ﻮــﭼ

ﻥﺎــﺸﺨـﻳﺭﺎـﺗ ﻩﺪــﻳﺪـﻧﺎــﻬﺟ ﺪــﻳﻮﮕﻧ ﻡﺍ ﻩﺪـﻴﻨــﺸﻧ ﻡﺎــﻧ ﺰــﺟ ﻪــﺑ ﻥﺎــﺸﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍ ﻩﺪــﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺮــﺴـﺧ ﮥــﻣﺎـﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻧ

(ﻩﻮﻠﻬﭘ =ﻩﻮﺗﺮﭘ =) ﺎــﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﭘ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻭ (ﻡ 226 – ﻡ .ﻕ 1250) ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺪــﺼﻧﺎﭘ ﺐــﻳﺮﻗ

(5)

ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ (ﻝﺎﺳ 426 = ﻡ 652 – ﻡ 226) ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎــﺳﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ یﺩﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺎﺤﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﯽﻫﺍﻮﺧﺪﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ «ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ» ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦــﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻠﻋﻮﺑﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺤﻳﺭﻮﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﻋ ﯽــﻣﺎﻧ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻕﺍﺯﺮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺨﻠﺑ ﺪــﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ یﺮﺠﻫ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ۀﺪــﺳ ﮥﻤﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ «ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ» ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺩﺰﻳ ،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﺮﻴﭘ ،ﺥﺎﻣ :ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻤــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺎــﺸﻨﺑ ﺍﺭ ...ﺭﻮﺑﺎــﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻴــﺷﺭﻮﺧ یﻮﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺎــﺸﻳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎــﺷ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺐﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ،ﻕﺍﺯﺮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ،یﺮﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﷲ ﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻚﻨﻳﺍ ﻭ !ﻖﺛﻮﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﻔــﺷ ﺕﺎﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﻀﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﺮﺗﺎﻓﺩ ﻭ ،ﯽﻘﻴﻗﺩ :ﺪــﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﻮــﺳ ﻦﺗ ﻪــﺳ یﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ کﻮﻠﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﺭﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﯽــﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﻭ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ .(ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺑ 613 ﺺﺻ ،1 ﺝ ،ﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ) ﺱﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ یﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮــﻨﻋ «ﺶﻳﺎﻫ ﺵﺰﻐﻟ ﻭ ﻪــﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ»

ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪــﻣﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ (ﻡ 1930-1836) ﻪــﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ ﺭﻭﺩﻮﺌﺗ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻨﻳﻭﺰﻗ ﮥﻣﻼﻋ یﺎﻫ ﺱﻮــﺴﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ ﺭﺍﺪــﻳﺩ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﮓﻨﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻠﻣ ﮥﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺁﺮﻗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ 1316 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ یﻮﻠﻋ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ

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^{ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ}

یﺎﻗﺁ ۀﺪﻳﺰﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ .ﺪﻴــﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎــﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﻻﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ یﺍﺮﺑ یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ یﻭﺭ ﯽﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﯽﻔــﺸﻛ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺪﻳﺎــﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻞﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﮕﺘــﺷﺬﮔ ۀﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎــﺳ ﻪﭼ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﯽﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﺑ «ﺵﺰﻐﻟ» ۀژﺍﻭ ؟ﺖﻔﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ یﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ «ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻭﺎﻛﻭﺪﻨﻛ»

«ﻪﺑﺍﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺯ» یﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺰﮔ ِﺮــﺛﺍ «ﺱﻭﺎﻜﻴﻛ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ» ﻭ «ﺭﺫﻮﻧ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺩ» ﻭ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ «ﯽﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻦﺨــﺳ» ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ،ﺩﻮــﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﺴﻤﻫ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ،ﺩﻮــﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﯽﻣ ﻦﺨــﺳ یﺮﺒﻃ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ،ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ (ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺭﺯ ﺭﺎﻜﺗﺎﻳﺍ =) ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺭﺯ ﺭﺎﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﯽــﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﻭﺎﺧ ﻪﻛ) ﺖﺳﺍ یﻮﻠﻬﭘ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻨﻴﻳﺁ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺣ یﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ 1933 ﺭﺩ ﺖــﺴﻴﻧﻮﻨﺑ یﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺨﺳ (ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜــﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺭﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﮓﻨﺟ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺭﺯ ﺭﺎﻜﺗﺎﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ .ﺪــﻳﺁ ﯽﻣ

ﻦﻳﺩ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ (ﺏﺎﻴﺳﺍﺮﻓﺍ ۀﻮﻧ ،ﯽﻧﺍﺭﻮﺗ ﭗﺳﺎﺟﺭﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﺘﺸﮔ) ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺭﻻﺎــﺴﻬﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻳﺭﺯ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖــﺸﺗﺭﺯ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺸﻛ ﻭﺩﺎﺟ (ﺶﻓﺭﺪﻴﺑ = ^vidarafš) ﺶﻓﺭﺪﻳﻭ ﺖــﺳﺩ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ یﺎﻫ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ^bastavar) ﺭﻮﺘﺴﺑ ،ﻭﺍ ﺮــﺴﭘ ﯽﻟﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ﮥﻄﻘﻧ ﯽﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻭ «ﺭﻮﺘــﺴﻧ» ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ یﻮــﺳ ﻪﺑ (ﺭﻮﺘــﺴﺑ ﻞﻳﺫ ،ﺍﺪﺨﻫﺩ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻐﻟ :ﻚﻧ ﻭﺍ یﻮــﺳ ﻪﺑ یﺮﻴﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺎــﺸﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ یﻮــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ یﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ .(630 ﺹ) .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﯽﻣ ﺭﺩ یﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺍﺪــﻧﺍ ﯽﻣ ﻭﺍ یﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤــﺷﻮﻫ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﻜﺗﺎﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺩﺎﺟ ﺶﻓﺭﺪﻴﺑ ۀﺪﻨــﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪــﺳﺭ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻟﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺘــﺴﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺭﺯ .ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻛﻼﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻓﺭﺪﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ «ﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﻔــﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺧ ﺖﻔﻫ»

ﺖﻔﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ یﺮﺒﻃ ﯽﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ۀﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ﯽﺘﻗﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻥﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﺑ ﺶــﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺎــﺸﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ «...ﻥﺎﺧ ﺖﻔﻫ»

یﻮﮔﻭ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ ﻪﻧ ﻥﺪﮔﺮﻛ ۀﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﺭﺎــﺴﮔﺮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺴﮔﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﻔــﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﺴﮔﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ (گﺮﮔ ،ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ) ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻘﻟﺎﺧ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ یﺎﻗﺁ پﺎﭼ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﺖﻐﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ «ﺭﺎــﺴﮔﺮﮔ» (282 ﺏ ،103 ﺹ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ «ﺭﺎــﺴﮔﺮﻛ» ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺪﺨﻫﺩ ﮥﻣﻼﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺐﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺭﺩﺎﺷ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗﺎﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺪﺧ ﻭ

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ﻩﺪﻣﺁ «ﺭﺎﺴﮔﺮﮔ»

ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ «ﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﺘﺳﺭ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺑﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ یﺮﺒﻃ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻳﺁ ﺖــﺳﺍ «ﺭﺪﻨﻜــﺳﺍ ﯽﻫﺎــﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ یﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻦﻴــﺸﻴﭘ یﺎﻫ«ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﺍ» ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻚﺑﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺬﮔﺮﺳ» ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺒﻧ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ یﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣﻮﺑﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﮥﻟﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻭ «ﺮﻴﺷﺩﺭﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ،ﺮﻴﺷﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻭ ،ﺖﺳﺍ کﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ یﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺷﺩﺭﺍ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻡﺍﺮﻬﺑ ﺭﻮﭘ ﺩﺮﮔﺩﺰﻳ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ یﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺟ ﺩﻮﺳ یﺮﺒﻃ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ «(ﺮﮔ ﻩﺰﺑ) ﺭﻮﭘﺎﺷ ﺮﺴﭘ

(6)

ۀﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﺵﺭﺎﻔﺳ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻔﺻ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ یﺪﻌﺑ یﺎﻫ پﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﻮــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪــﻧﺭﻭﺎﻴﺑ ﺩﺮﮔﺩﺰﻳ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺍﺭ «ﺮــﮔ ﻩﺰﺑ»

ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﺒﺘــﺷﺍ ﮥﻳﺎﻣ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ؛ﻩﺪﻣﺁ 649 ﮥﺤﻔﺻ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﻡﺩﺮﻛ ﮓﻧﺭﺩ یﺍ ﻪﺤﻤﻟ ،ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ،ﺩﻮﺷ .ﻢﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﭘﺎﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﮔ ﻩﺰﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ،«ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻴﺷﻮﻧﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ،«ﺭﻮﮔ ﻡﺍﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ»

ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ﻭ «ﺰﻳﻭﺮﭘ ﻭﺮــﺴﺧ ﯽﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ» ،«ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻴــﺷﻮﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﭘ ﺰﻣﺮﻫ ۀﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺲﭙــﺳ .ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ یﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ «ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺮﻬــﺷ ﺯﺍ یﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ یﺯﺎــﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ یﺯﺎــﺴﻬﺑ» ﺎﻣ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ .ﺩﺯﺎــﺳ ﯽﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ «ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺩﻮﺘﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ یﺎﻗﺁ ﺭﺎﻛ یﺎﻫ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻳﺎــﺷ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧﺰﻴﻫﺮﭘ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﯽﮕﺘــﺴﻳﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ «...یﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ» ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ؛692 ،690 ،688 ،683 ﺺــﺻ :ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﯽﻘﻟﺎﺧ ﺮــﺘﻛﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺕﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻖــﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻘﻟﺎﺧ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ یﺎﻗﺁ ﺕﺎــﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ 686 ، 685 ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮــﻄﻨﻴﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﯽﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺯﺎــﺴﻬﺑ ﮥﻳﺎﻣ ﯽﺘــﺳﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ؛ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ 689 یﺎﻗﺁ ﺎﻳﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺴﻫ ﯽــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺱﺎﭙــﺳ یﺎﺟ ﻭ

ﺮﺘﻛﺩ پﺎﭼ !؟ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ «ﺍﺰﻓﻮﺳ» یﺪﻨﺳ ﻭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﮥﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ یﻭﺭ ﺶﻳﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﻢﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺪﻤﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ «ﺍﺮﻓﻮــﺳ» ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﯽــﻘﻟﺎﺧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ «یﺍﺮﻓﻮﺳ» ﻢﻫ ﻒﻟﻭ ﺲﺘﻳﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﮥــﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ «ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺪﻣﺁﺮﺑ» ﺶــﺨﺑ

:ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﺳﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺶﺠﻨــﺳ ﮥﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﻧ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ

.(695 ﺹ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ یﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﻳ =ﺮﻴﺸﻧﺍﻮﺟ .ﻡ :ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺪﻨﻤﺟﺭﺍ ۀﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻝﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ

:ﯽﻧﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﷲ ﺍ ﺝﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺎﻳﺁ ...

ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺸﮔ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ۀﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﻃ ﻝﺎﺠﻨﺟ ﺎﻳﺁ ؟ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺖــﻣﺪﺧ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﻛ ﻢﻫ ﺱﺎﻨــﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻛ یﻮﻧﺰﻏ ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﮥﻣﺪﺧ ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﯽــﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺒﺧ ﯽﺑ ﺵﺍ« ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ» ﻭ ﯽــﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .(697/8 ﺹ) ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﯽﺒﻟﺎﻌﺛ ﺮﻴﺴﻟﺍﺭﺮﻏ ﻭ ﯽﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﮥﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎــﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﺘــﺴﻳﺎﺷ

.ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺵﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ

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ﻙﺍﺭﺪـﺘﺳﺍ

ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻩﺍﺭ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻁﻼﻏﺍ «ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ» ﮥﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ،(49) ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ۀﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ کﺍﺭﺪﺘﺳﺍ .«ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻑﺮﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺠﻨﮔ ﮥﻌﻠﻗ ﺮﻴﻤﻌﺗ» :ﺩﻮﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻴﻨﻴﻣ ﻞﻳﺫ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،54 ﮥﺤﻔﺻ .«ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ۀﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ» :ﺩﻮﺸﺑ (ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ۀﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ) ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻴﻨﻴﻣ ﻞﻳﺫ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،56 ﮥﺤﻔﺻ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣﺭﺪﻴﺣ ﻩﺩﺍﺰﻫﺎﺷ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﻳﻭﺭ» :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻥﺁ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﻁﻮﻠﻐﻣ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻴﻨﻴﻣ ﻞﻳﺫ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،57 ﮥﺤﻔﺻ .«ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻢﻈﻋﺍﺭﺪﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺧ ﯽﻠﻗ یﺪﻬﻣ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻩﺎﺷ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻭ