ﺖﺴﯾز ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ وراد و اﺬﻏ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد لﺎﻌﻓ
ﯽﻣرا ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ مﺎﻬﻟا ،1
لآ ﯽﻨﯿﺴﺣ ،2
ﺳ ﯿ ﺪ ﺪﻬﻣ ي ﺮﻔﻌﺟ
3ي *
1 - ،ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ
ﯽ ﺣاﺮﻃ و داﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ
،
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ي ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و
ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ، .
2 - ،يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ
ﯽ ﺣاﺮﻃ و داﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ
،
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠ ي
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﯿﻌ
ﯽ
نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ، .
3 -
،دﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ داﻮﻣ و ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
مﻮﻠﻋ يزروﺎﺸﮐ و ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ
،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ
،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ
ناﺮﯾا .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 06 / 11 / 1399
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 12 / 02 / 1400
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
،جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
ﯽﺘﻧآ
،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا
،ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ
،ﯽﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟاﺪﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ .
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.116.205
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ضراﻮﻋ ﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﯽ ﺎﻫوراد ي ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ و ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ اﺰـــﻓا
ﯾ ﺶ ﻫﺎـﮔآ ﯽ ﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﯽ رد
ﻣز ﯿ ﻪﻨ اﺰﻣ ﯾﺎ ي ﮐﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ
تﺎﺒ ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ
، ﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﻦ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ تﺎﺒ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ هﺮﺛﺆﻣ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ
ﺐﻠﺟ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
د -ﻟ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ ﯾ ﮏ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ ﻢﻌﻃ و راﺮﻓ ،ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻨﻫد رد ﻪﮐ
ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﺗﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . د ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ -ﻟ
ﯿ ،ﻦﻧﻮـﻤ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ـﯾ
ﮏ ،ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا اراد ي ﻃ ـﯿ ﻒ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ا ي و زا ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣﺪﺿ ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ
، ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ و ﯽ ﻧﺎﻣرد ﯽ ﺖﺳا . د -ﻟ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ ﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨ
ﯾ ﮏ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ ﯽﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ا ي ﺎﻨﺻ رد ﯾ ﻊ آ ار ـﯾ ﺸ ﯽ
، وراد ﯽـﯾ
،
زﺎﺳﺮﻄﻋ و ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾ ﻣﺎﺷآ و ﯿ ﻧﺪ ﯽ ﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﮔﯿ دﺮ . ا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﻟد ﻪـﺑ ،لﺎﺣ ـﯿ
ﻞ ـﺧﺮﺑ ﯽ زا
وﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗاذ ﯽ ﻟﻼﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺮﺨﺗ ،بآ رد ﻢﮐ ﯾ
ﺐ ـﺷ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯽﯾ د ر ﻪـﺟرد و رﻮـﻧ رﻮﻀـﺣ
ﻻﺎﺑ تراﺮﺣ و
ﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﯿ ﺖ ز ﯾ دﺎ ﺴﮐا ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ نﻮ ، دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد نآ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ
ﯽ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ دوﺪـﺤﻣ ا ﺖـﺳ .
رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
، شور ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ،جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ
،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﻧﺎﻣرد
ﯽ و ﺘﻣﻼـﺳ ﯽ ﺶـﺨﺑ
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ي نآ اﺬﻏ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
.
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ يروﺮﻣ
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ناواﺮﻓ زا تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ
هﻮﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﯽﻣ نﺎﻬﺟ رد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ دﺎﯾز رﺎﯿﺴﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و )
ﻪـﺑ
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ بآ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ (
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ يدﺎﯾز ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ،
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ،ور ﻦﯾا زا ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا هداد
ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و
شور زا ناﻮﺗ
ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﯾﺪﺟ يﺎﻫﺪـﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و ﺎﻫ
نآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزﺎﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎـﻫ
) ،ﯽﺘﺴـﯾز ﻦـﻏور ،ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ،ﻦﯿـﺘﮑﭘ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ
ﯽﺘﻧآ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ دﻮﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا
( دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ]
1 - 3 [.
ﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﻦﻏور هﺪﻤﻋ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯽـﻣ لﺎﻘﺗﺮ
ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ ،1
لﻮﻟﺎــﻨﯿﻟ ﻦــﺳﺮﯿﻣ ،2
لﺎــﻧﺎﺘﮐا ،3
لﺎــﻧﺎﮐد و 4
دﻮــﻤﻧ هرﺎــﺷا 5
] 3 , 4 [ .
ﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ) 6
نوﻼـﻓ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻦﯿﭽﺗﺎـﮐ ،نﻮـﻧاوﻼﻓ ،7
و 8
ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﺘﻧآ ( د و ﻦﯿﻤﺳﺎﯾد ،ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ، -
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا 9
د ﯽﻣ شﺮﺗﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ر ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
] 5 , 6 [ . ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﮐ ﯽـﻠﻨﻓ تﺎـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ و تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا
نآ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﻫ
] 7 , 8 [ .
ﺎﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ لﻮﻣﺮﻓ
H16
C10
) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ( و كﺎﭘﻮﯾآ مﺎﻧ 4
-
ﯽﺑ ﯽﻌﯾﺎﻣ ،نﺰﮕﻫ ﻮﻠﮑﯿﺳ ﻞﯿﻨﭘوﺮﭘوﺰﯾا ﻞﯿﺘﻣ
رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺎـﻧ و ﮓﻧر
ﺞﯾار زا و هدﻮﺑ بآ ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺪﺣاو ود ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺮﭘوﺰﯾا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 9 , 10 [ . و شﺮﺗﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ رد ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا
تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ) دوﺪﺣ رد 95
لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻏور ﺪﺻرد (
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ نﺎـﻘﻘﺤﻣ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ار تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ 50000
ﺎﺗ 75000 ﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ
هدز ﺪﻧا ] 11 [ . د لﺎـﻌﻓ مﺮﻓ ود رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ -
ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ) يﻮـﺑ ياراد
ﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺮﻄﻌﻣ (
لا و - ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ) 10
جﺎـﮐ ﺖﺧرد ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯽﯾﻮﺑ ياراد (
ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ دﻮﺷ . ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﮏﯿﻤﺳار ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
) ﻦﺘﻨﭙﯾد (11
ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﯽـﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ لﺎـﻌﻓﺮﯿﻏ عﻮـﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ دﻮـﺷ
] 12 , 13 [ . زا
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ هدﺎـﻣ ﺶﯿـﭘ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿـﺷ يﺎﻫﺰﺘﻨﺳ رد
ياﺮـﺑ يا
نورﺎﮐ ،12
ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو ﻪﯿﻬﺗ هدروآﺮﻓ ،ﺮﻄﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ،A
ﯽـﯾوراد يﺎـﻫ و
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯾ ﮏ ﺪﺠﺗ لﻼﺣ ﯾ
ﺬﭘﺪ ﯾﺮ ﻮﺷ رد ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ ، ﻦﯾزر ﺎﻫ
ﮓﻧر و ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ
] 3 , 14 - 17 [.
1. Limonene 2. Linalool 3. Myrcene 4. Octanal 5. Decanal 6. Flavonoid 7. Flavone 8. Catechin 9. D-limonene 10. L-limonene 11. Dipentene 12. Carvone
Fig 1 The structure of D-limonene
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو د ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ -
ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﮏـﯾ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
ﻢﻌﻃ هﺪﻨﻫد هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ
،دراد ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨـﺻ رد يا
لوﺪﺟ رد 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
داد نﺎﺸـﻧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ه
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا راﺪـﯾﺎﭘﺎﻧ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻣد و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،رﻮﻧ ،نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 15 , 18 - 20 [.
ﻪـﮐ يرﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻦـﯾا يﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴـﺣ
ا ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﺴﮐ
نآ ﻢـﻌﻃ ﻦﺘـﻓر ﺖﺳد زا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،
هﺮﯿﺧذ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﯽﻣ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ يزﺎﺳ
دﻮﺷ ] 21 , 22 [ .
Table 1 Properties of D-limonene Properties
Molar mass 136.238 g.mol-1
Density 0.8411 g/cm3
Melting point −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F;
198.80 K) Boiling point 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K) Chiral rotation ([α]D) 87–102°
Refractive index (nD) (20 ºC) 1.4721 هدﻮﺑ يرﺎﺠﺗ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا نآ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و يدﺎـﯾز رﺎﯿﺴـﺑ يدﺎﺼـﺘﻗا شزرا ﺎﻫ
شور ﯽــﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪــﻣادا رد اﺬـﻟ ،دراد اﺮﺨﺘــﺳا يﺎـﻫ
،ﻦﻧﻮــﻤﯿﻟ ج
ﯽــﮔﮋﯾو ،ﯽﯾاﺬــﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨــﺻ رد نآ يﺎــﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎــﻫ
ﻧﺎــﻣرد ﯽ و
ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ د ﺶﺨﺑ - ﯿﻟ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ ﻪـﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نآ ﯽﺒﻧﺎـﺟ ضراﻮﻋ و ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ،
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﺎﺑﯾ ﺪ ا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯾ
ﻦ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﻠﮐ تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺪ ي ﻠﮐ رد هﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯿ
ﺪ ناﻮـﻨﻋ و نﺎﮔژاو
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯿ
ﻦ لﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻮﻧ مﺎﻧ و رﺎﺸﺘﻧا
ﯾ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﺎﺑ
دﺮﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺮﻟﺎﮑﺳا ﻞﮔﻮﮔ رد ﻮﺟ و ﺖﺴﺟ ﯾﺪ
.
2 - شور ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ
زا ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ زا ﯽﻤﯿﻧ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ جرﺎﺧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻂﺧ شور لﺎـﺒﻧد ﻪـﺑ نﺎـﻘﻘﺤﻣ اﺬﻟ ،ددﺮﮔ
ﯽﯾﺎـﻫ
ﺎـﺑ تﺎـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﻦﯾا ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ هدوﺰـﻓا شزرا
ﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ . شور ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ور ﻦـﯾا زا ﻪـﺑ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا يﺎـﻫ
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
ﯽﻣ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ترﻮﺻ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ياﺮـﺑ
شور لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا دﻮـﺟو يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣ يﺎـﻫ
شور ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪﮐ دراد
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ
لﻼﺣ ﺎﺑ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
] 23 [ بآ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻄﻘﺗ ، ]
24 [ ﺎﺨﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻄﻘﺗ ، بآ ر
] 25 [ دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ و
] 26 [ دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا .
شور زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
تﻮـﺻاﺮﻓ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ
] 24 [ ، ﺎــﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾﻮ ] 24 , 25 [ ﯽــﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮــﻓ لﺎﯿــﺳ و ]
27 [ ﺰــﯿﻧ
ﯽﻣ دﻮـﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ .
رد ﯿﻄﻘﺗ شور ﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮ
اﺪﺘﺑا ،نﺎﺳآ و هدﺎﺳ ﯽﺷور ناﻮ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
رد
ﺮﺛا ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ رﺎﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ تراﺮﺣ ﯽﻣ
دﻮﺷ . رﺎﺨﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
،ﻢﮐاﺮﺘﻣ و دﺮـﺳ
ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﻣ
ددﺮﮔ . ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا شور
نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻠﯾﻻد ﻪﺑ
يﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑ قﻮﻓ لﺎﯿﺳ
، مﺮـﺟ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ـﯿﯿﻐﺗ و
ﺮ
ترﺪﻗ ﺣ لﻼﺣ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻞ ﺎـﺑ
رﺎﺸـﻓ و ﺎـﻣد ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ )
نﺎـﮑﻣا ﻪـﮐ
ﯽـﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮـﻓ ار تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا و هاﻮﺨﻟد جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺪـﻨﮐ
( درﻮـﻣ
ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ]
28 , 29 [ . شور ﻦﯿـﺑ رد يﺎـﻫ
ﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا ﻒ جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا ياﺮـﺑ ﺮﯿﻄﻘﺗ و دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ شور
ﺞـﯾار تﺎـﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ زا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽـﻣ ﺮـﺗ
ـﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ ] 4 , 23 , 29 [ .
ﻞﮑﺷ رد تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ زا ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هﻮﺤﻧ زا ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﻤﺷ 2 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ ]
30 .[
Fig 2 The extraction of D-limonene [30]
3 - دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ يﺎﻫ
و ﺎـﯿﻧد ﺮـﺳاﺮﺳ رد تﺎـﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎـﺳ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﻢﮐ و ﺖﺣار جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
زا ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﻄﻌﻣ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ي
،تﺎﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ
رد هﺪـﺷ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﯽـﻣ لﺎـﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﯽﻨﻏور ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ،نﺎﻬﺟ
ﻞـﯿﻟد ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو
ﺎﻫ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﯾ ﮔﺪـﻨﻫد ﻢﻌﻃ
ﯽـﺘﻧآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﯽ
،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴـﮐا
،ﯽــﯾوراد ،ﯽﯾاﺬــﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨــﺻ رد ﯽﻧﺎــﻣرد و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪــﺿ تاﺮــﺛا ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﯽﺸﯾارآ )
هﺪﻨﯾﻮﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
هﺪﻨﻨﮐﻮﺒﺷﻮﺧ و ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ( هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 1 , 4 , 31 [ . ﻞﻤﮑﻣ رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻆﯿﻠﻐﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺷ ياﺮـﺑ ندﻮـﺑ ﺪـﯿﻔﻣ ﻞـﯿﻟد ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﯿﻧ ﻊﯾﺎﻣ و لﻮﺴﭙﮐ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ هﺪ
دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ]
3 [ . ﻦﯾا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ زا ،ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺎﻫ ) هﺪـﻨﻫد ﻢـﻌﻃ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ (
ﯽـﻣ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﯾﺎﻨـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ
ﯽﻧﺪﯿﻣﺎﺷآ ﺎﻫ ) ﯽﻧﺪﯿﺷﻮﻧ و ﻪﺑﺎﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﯿﻏ يﺎﻫ
ﯽـﻠﮑﻟا ( ﯽـﻨﺒﻟ ﻊﯾﺎﻨـﺻ ،
) ﯽﻨﺘﺴﺑ ( دﻮـﻤﻧ هرﺎـﺷا ﺲﻣادآ و يدﺎﻨﻗ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ،ﺮﺳد ،ﺖﯾﻮﮑﺴﯿﺑ ،
] 11 , 32 , 33 [.
ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻧدوﺰﻓا
ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾ د ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ - ،ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﯽـﻄﯿﺤﻣ
نﮋﯿﺴـﮐا ،رﻮـﻧ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ و
ﻻﺎـﺑ يﺎـﻣد
سﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦـﯾا يﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴـﺣ تﺎ
ﺐـﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﻪـﺑ
ا ﯽﺸﯾﺎﺴﮐ نآ ﻢـﻌﻃ ﻦﺘـﻓر ﺖﺳد زا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ، ﺎـﻫ
ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ ﺖـﺤﺗ
هﺮﯿﺧذ ﯽﻣ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ يزﺎﺳ
دﻮـﺷ ] 21 , 22 [.
ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﺎـﺑ ،ور ﻦـﯾا زا
ﻦﺘﻓﺮــﮔ ﻪــﯾﺬﻐﺗ هﻮﻘﻟﺎــﺑ ﻞﯿﺴــﻧﺎﺘﭘ تﺎــﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮــﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ و يا
ﺖﺴﯾز لﺎﻌﻓ ) نﻮﭽﻤﻫ د - ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ( يﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ و ﻮﺳ ﮏﯾ زا
نآ ـﺑ ،ﺮـﮕﯾد يﻮـﺳ زا ﯽـﻄﯿﺤﻣ بﺮﺨﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪ
يﺮﯿﮔرﺎـﮐ
رﺎــﮑﻫار زا ،تﺎــﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا ﻪﺘــﺳد ﻦــﯾا زا ﺖــﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮــﺑ ﯽﯾﺎــﻫ
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﯽﻣ اﺬﻏ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﺷ ] 34 , 35 [ . اﺬﻟ هزوﺮـﻣا ،
شور لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮـﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
زا ﺖــﻇﺎﻔﺣ ،ﺮﺛﺆــﻣ رﻮــﻃ ﻪــﺑ ،يدﺎﺼــﺘﻗا ﻪﻓﺮــﺻ ﻦــﯾا
تﺎــﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ
ﺖﺴﯾز ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﻤﻀﺗ ار لﺎﻌﻓ .
ﺰﯾر ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد
ﯽﺷور ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ
ﺳو ﻪﺑ زﺎﮔ ﺎﯾ ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ تارذ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﯿ
ﻪﯾﻻ هراﻮﯾد داﻮﻣ زا ي
ﯽﻣ هراﻮﯾد تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﻃﺎﺣا يا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
هﮋـﯾو ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﯾ و ﺺﺨﺸﻣ نﺎﻣز رد ار دﻮﺧ تﺎﯾﻮﺘﺤﻣ يا
ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ دازآ ]
36 , 37 [.
د - ﯽـﮔﮋﯾو ندﻮـﺑ اراد ﻞـﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽـﺘﻧآ يﺎـﻫ
زا ،ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴـﮐا
ﺪﯿﺳا نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐا يﺎﻫ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و هدﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ عﺎﺒﺷاﺮﯿﻏ بﺮﭼ
آ ﺖـﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻆـﻔﺣ و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
لﻮـﻃ رد ن
ﯽﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هرود ددﺮـﮔ
. ﻦـﯾا زا ﺖـﺳا هداد نﺎﺸـﻧ تﺎـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽﺘﻧآ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ناﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼـﻣ يﺎﻫ
دﻮـﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ]
38 , 39 [ . ﯽـﺘﻧآ ﯽـﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﺸـﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴـﮐا
ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﮏﯿﻟﻮﻨﻓ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ لﺎـﻘﺗﺮﭘ
رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﯾﻮﺳ ﻦﻏور ﯽﺸﯾﺎﺴﮐا يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ .
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎـﺣ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياراد لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪﮐ و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﮑﯾدار
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ
،ناﺪﯿﺴـﮐا ﯽﺸـﯾﺎﺴﮐا يراﺪـﯾﺎﭘ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﯽﻃ رد ﺎﯾﻮﺳ ﻦﻏور ﯽـﻣ و ه
ﻪـﺑ نآ زا ناﻮـﺗ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﺘﻧآ ناﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ رد تﻻﻮﺼـﺤﻣ
ﻦﻏور يوﺎﺣ دﻮـﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ،ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
] 40 [ . رد ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻌﻃ راد ز ﻦـﻏور ندﺮـﮐ ﯾ
نﻮـﺘ ﻟ ﺎـﺑ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤ و
ز ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯾ هﺮ ﺳ ﯿ هﺎ زا ، ﺳ ـﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ تﻮـﺻاﺮﻓ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ و ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
دﻮﺑ نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﺎﭘ ﻪﮐ
ﯾ يراﺪ ﺎﺴﮐا ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ تﺪﻣ و ﻦﻏور
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ] 41 [.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ،يا ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ نﻮـﺧﺮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ـﯾ
ﮏ ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮـﻄﻌﻣ
) وﺎﺣ ي 2 / 19 ﻟ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ ( رد ، ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺎـﻣ ﺲﺳ ﯾ ﺰﻧﻮ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ
ﺎـﺟ ﯾ ﺰﮕ ﯾ ﻦ ـﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﯿﺴــﮐا ناﺪ يﺎـﻫ ﻋﻮﻨﺼـﻣ ﯽ ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا .
ﺎــﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ
نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﯿ
،ﺪ ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ي ﺗ و ﯿ ﺑرﺎﺑﻮ ﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ﮐﺎﺣ ﯽ زا
ﻠﻏ رد نﻮﺧﺮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ نآ ﺖﻈ
ـﻣ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﯽ اﻮﺗ ﺪـﻧ ﺎـﺟ ﯾ ﺰﮕ ﯾ ﻦ
ــﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﯿﺴــﮐا ناﺪ ﻋﻮﻨﺼــﻣ ﯽ ﺎــﻣ ﺲــﺳ رد ﯾ
ﺰﻧﻮ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ . ــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽـﻨﻌﻣ ﺮـﺛا
يراد و ﺮـﺑ ﯾ ـﮔﮋ ﯽ يﺎـﻫ
ﺘﭙﻟﻮﻧﺎﮔرا ﯿ ﻰﮑ ﺲﺳ ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﺰﻧﻮ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ . ﺮﺑ اﯾ ﻦ ،سﺎﺳا ﺪـﺷ دﺎﻬﻨﺸـﯿﭘ
ﻪﮐ نﻮﺧﺮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﮔﻮـﻠﺟ ﯿﺮ ي ﺎﺴـﮐا زا ﯾ ﺶ و ﻦـﻏور
اﺰـﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﺮــﻤﻋ لﻮـﻃ راﺪـﻬﮕﻧ
ي ﺎــﻣ ﺲـﺳ ﯾ
ﺰﻧﻮ ـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮ ــﯾ ﮏ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 42 [.
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤﺳﺎﻗ ]
18 [ د ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ، -
-
رد ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘﺰﯾرﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ نآ ﻢﻌﻃ و ﺮﻄﻋ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ -
ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ بآ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ .
نآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ رد ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ داد 4
ﻪﺑ 1 بآ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ و ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘﺰﯾرﻮﻧﺎﻧ هدزﺎﺑ و ددﺮﮔ
ًﺎ 88
ﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺪﺻرد .
نآ ﺲﮑﻠﭙﻤﮐﻮﻧﺎـﻧ زا ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﺎﻫ يﺎـﻫ
ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ - د يوﺎﺣ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ بآ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ -
ﯽـﻣ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ رد ناﻮـﺗ
هﻮﯿﻤﺑآ و ﺖﯾﻮﮑﺴﯿﺑ ،ﻦﯿﻓﺎﻣ ،ﮏﯿﮐ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﺗﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﻫ
دﻮﻤﻧ . ،ﯽـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﺎـﻫر ﺪـﻧور
ﯾ ﺶ ﻟ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳﻮﻧﺎﻧ زا
ﻣآ ﯿ زﻮﻠ اﺮﺷ رد ﯾ ﻂ شراﻮﮔ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺳرﺮﺑ
ﯽ ﺲﯿـﻔﻧا ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺑ و
) يزﺎﻓ جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ–
ﺒﻄﺗ ﯿﻘ ﯽ ( لﺪﻣ ﺪـﺷ يزﺎﺳ .
ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
ﺶﯾﺎـﻫر ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا رد ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺲﯿﻔﻧا ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ي
ﯽﺷراﻮﮔ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ و ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫ
دراد ] 19 [.
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ يﺎﻫ
رد ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦـﯾا ،ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﯽـﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ دﺎﺴﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و از
ﯽﻣ ءﺎﻔﯾا ﯽﯾاﺰﺳ
ﺪﻨﮐ ] 43 - 45 [ . ﯽﻠﭘ فﺎﯿﻟاﻮﻧﺎﻧ يوﺎـﺣ ﻞﮑﻟا ﻞﯿﻨﯾو
د - هﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
ﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺴﯾروﺮﺘﮑﻟا شور زا يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ر
نآ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪــــﺿ ﺖــــﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يور ﺎــــﻫ
ﯽﻠﮐﺎﯿــــﺷﺮﺷا و 13
سﻮﺋروا سﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮﻠﯿﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد 14
يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ داﻮﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ .
ﯽﻠﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﮑﻟا ﻞﯿﻨﯾو
د - ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ 7 ﻪﺑ 3 ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸـﯿﺑ و نﮋﯿﺴـﮐا ﻪـﺑ ذﻮـﻔﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﺸﮐ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار ﺎﻫ
داد ] 43 [.
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و وﺎﯾ ]
46 [ ﺪﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد و ﯽـﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻫﺎـﻣ ﻦﯿـﺗﻻژ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
- نازﻮـﺘﯿﮐ
د يوﺎﺣ - ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ .
نآ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰـﮔ ﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ د يوﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ -
ﯽﻣ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يﺮﺛﺆﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
د يﺰـﯾﺮﮕﺑآ ﯽـﮔﮋﯾو ندﻮـﺑ اراد ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻪـﺑ بآ و رﻮﻧ -
،ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺖ . ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ د يوﺎـﺣ يﺎﻫ
- ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﺪﺿ يﻮﻗ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يﺮﺗ
ﺷﺮﺷا ﯿﺎ ﻠﮐ ﯽ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا .
نآ د زا ﻪـﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ -
و ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ ﻪـﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد ﻻﺎﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد ناﻮﺗ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ،ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﺑ
نﻮﯿﺴـﻟﻮﻣاﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎ يﺎـﻫ
د ﯽـﻌﯿﺒﻃ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ يوﺎﺣ -
ﺪـﺷر ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻦﯿﺴـﯾﺎﻧ و ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﺎﯾﺮﺘﺴﯿﻟ ﺰﻧژﻮﺘﯿـﺳﻮﻨﻣ ﺪـﺷ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ 15
. د ﯽـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮـﺛا -
و ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﻦﯿﺴﯾﺎﻧ ) نﻮﯿﺴﻟﻮﻣاﻮﻧﺎﻧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ (
ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺪﺷر ﺎﯾﺮﺘﺴﯿﻟ ﺰﻧژﻮﺘﯿﺳﻮﻨﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ و ﺖﺸﮐ
داد نﺎﺸﻧ . ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻣ نﻮﯿﺴﻟﻮﻣاﻮﻧﺎﻧ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶـﻘﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﺿ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ و ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ رد يﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد ﯽـﻨﻏور ﯽـﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ
ءﺎﻔﯾا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﺪﻨﮐ
] 47 [ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﺪـﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗﺪﺿ 7
و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ 19
ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .
ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياراد ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦـﯾا ﻪـﮐ داد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ
ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﻦﯾﺮـﺘﻬﺑ و ﻪﺘـﺷاد سﻮــﺋروا سﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮﻠﯿﻓﺎﺘـﺳا
،
سﻮﮐوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻮﺌﺗﻮﻟ
16س ﻓﺎﺘﺳا ، ﯿ ﻮﻠ سﻮﮐﻮﮐ ﺲﯿﻣرﺪﯿﭘا ،17
ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ
مﻮﯾرﻮﻣ ﯽﻔﯿﺗ ،18
سﻮﺋﺮﺳ سﻮﻠﯿﺳﺎﺑ ،19
ﺲﯿﻟﺎـﮑﻓ سﻮﮐﻮﮐوﺮﺘﻧا ،20
ﯽﻔﯿﺗ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ،21
ﯽﻠﮐ ﺎﯿﺷﺮﺷا ﺪـﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
. ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
يور نآ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ ﺎﮑﯿﺘﯿﻟﻮﮐوﺮﺘﻧا ﺎﯿﻨﯿﺳﺮﯾ
ﺪـﺷ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺰـﯿﻧ 22
] 45 , 48 [ . د ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯾ
ﺮﮕ ي
، ﮐ زا ﯿ نازﻮﺘ ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد و ي
ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ
د زا -ﻟ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ اﺮﺑ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ ﻟا ﯿ فﺎ ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا .
د -ﻟ ﯿ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ
13. Escherichia coli 14. Staphylococcus aureus 15. Listeria monocytogenes 16. Micrococcus luteus 17. Staphylococcus epidermidis 18. Salmonella typhimurium 19. Bacillus cereus 20. Enterococcus faecalis 21. Salmonella typhi 22. Yersinia enterocolitica
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
ﻟ نﺪﺷ ﻞﺘﺨﻣ و ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯿﭙ
ـﯿ ﺪ د رﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ـﯾ
هراﻮ ﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﯽ ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯿ ﻦ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ نﺪﺷ هرﻮﺗﺎﻧد ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﻦ ﺮﺨﺗ و ﯾ ﺐ ﺎﺸﻏ ي ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﯽـﻣ دﻮـﺷ
] 44 [.
ﯽـﮔﮋﯾو و ﺶﯾﺎـﻫر ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
د ﯽﺴـﺣ يﺎـﻫ -
رد ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﻢﻌﻃ تﺎﺒﻨﺑآ ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ راد
. د رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪـﺑ -
داﻮـﻣ رد ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
هراﻮﯾد ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘﺰﯾروﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺴﮐدﻮﺘﻟﺎﻣ و ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﻎﻤﺻ يا .
د ﺶﯾﺎﻫر ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ -
زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
ﮏﯿﺘﺳا ﺪﯿﺳا و )
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ pH 3 ( ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
] 49 .[ لوﺪـﺟ رد
2 ﻪﺻﻼﺧ مﺎـﺠﻧا تﺎـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺮـﮕﯾد زا يا د يور هﺪـﺷ
- ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
Table 2 Encapsulation of D-limonene
Reference Results
Encapsulation method Wall material
[50]
The highest encapsulation efficiency was obtained for the sample containing polyvinyl
alcohol Uniaxial electrospinning
process Gelatine, Na-alginate,
Polyvinyl alcohol, Lactalbumin, or Xanthan
gum
[16]
D-limonene emulsions had stronger antimicrobial activity compared to D-
limonene in bulk form Emulsion stabilized with
β-lactoglobulin Gum arabic
[45]
It was observed that minimum inhibitory concentration of both limonene nanoemulsion and bulk limonene dissolved in
dimethyl sulphoxide were at 12.50 µl/ml against Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhi.
Nanoemulsion Whey protein -
Maltodextrin
[51]
The combined usage of active modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and chitosan-
based coating on cucumber represents an innovative and interesting method for
commercial application.
Emulsion Chitosan
[52]
The stability of encapsulated D-limonene was also monitored for 90 days at 4 °C and 25 °C.
Electrospraying process Alyssum homolocarpum
seed gum
[53]
The encapsulated ratio of D-limonene in nanoemulsions was significantly decreased during storage with increasing temperature, which resulted in increased release rate
constant of D-limonene.
Nanoemulsion –
[54]
Cyclodextrin/limonene-inclusion complexes- nanofibers exhibited high antibacterial
activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Electrospinning process Modified cyclodextrin
[55]
When temperature rose, the stability to of emulsions would be increased, and the stability of emulsions was reduced with low
pH or high salt concentration due to electrostatic screening of the negatively
charged CNC particles.
Pickering emulsion stabilized by cellulose
nanocrystals (CNC) –
[56]
The presence of starch might have contributed to retaining the crystalline phase
of gum Arabic and stabilizing the system of whey protein concentrate, providing greater
retention ability for the limonene encapsulated in these matrices.
Spray drying Gum Arabic, whey
protein concentrate, and cassava starch
[57]
The release of the volatile from the membranes is triggered by relative humidity
changes, taking place at aw ≥ 0.9.
Electrospinning process Pullulan and β-
cyclodextrin
[58]
High amount of retention of limonene in freeze-drying might be achieved by homogenising the emulsion containing gum
Arabic–sucrose–gelatin (1:1:1) at a single stage pressure of 100 MPa.
Freeze-drying Gum Arabic, sucrose, and
gelatin
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
4 - ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﺘﻣﻼـﺳ و ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫ
ﺶـﺨﺑ
د - ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
4 - 1 - ﺮﺛا تا دردﺪﺿ و بﺎﻬﺘﻟاﺪﺿ
نﺪـﺑ ياﺮـﺑ ﯽﺘﻇﺎـﻔﺣ ﻢﺴـﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ درد )
رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ
دﺎـﺠﯾا ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ فﺬـﺣ ﺖـﻬﺟ رد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻨﮐاو هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ
نآ ي ( و
يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽـﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻮﻣ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ زا ﯽـﺧﺮﺑ رد دﻮـﺟ
نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ) ﺲﻓﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ 23
زا ﺶﯿﺑ 60 ،ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﯾﻮﺷ ﻪﻧاد ﺎﺑ 24
32 ،ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺪﺻرد Polygonum viscosum
ﺎﺑ 42 لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ هرﺎﺼﻋ و ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺪﺻرد (
ﯽـﻣ ياراد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟاﺪـﺿ و دردﺪـﺿ تاﺮﺛا ]
59 - 62 [ . ﻼـﻋ ﻦـﯾا ﺮـﺑ هو
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻞـﻤﮑﻣ ﮏـﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ زا ناﻮﺗ
دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بﺎﻬﺘﻟاﺪﺿ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ]
63 [.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ يﺮﮕﯾد ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮـﻧﻮﻣ ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ رد ﮏﯿﺘـﺳا ﺪﯿـﺳا زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﺸﺣا درد نﻮﻣزآ رد
شﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺪـﺷ ﯽﻤﮑﺷ تﺎﺿﺎﺒﻘﻧا داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ يرﻮﺳ
ا ﺖﺳ ] 64 [ . ،ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ندﻮﺑ اراد ﺎﺑ شﺮﺗﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
ناﺰﯿﻣ 77 / 52 د ﺪﺻر
، ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ يﺎـﻫ
نﻮـﻣزآ رد درد
رد ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ درد و ﯽﯾﺎﺸﺣا د يﺮﯿﮔرﺎﮐ
ﻪﺑ يﺪﯿﺋﻮﯿﭘوا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ
ناﻮﻨﻋ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا دردﺪﺿ ﺪﺷ
] 65 [ . ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ زﺎﻧﮋﯿﺴـﮐاﻮﻠﮑﯿﺳ يﺎﻫ
1 و 2 يﺮﯿﮔﻮـﻠﺟ بﺎـﻬﺘﻟا زا
ﯽﺠﻧﺎﯿﻣ يزﺎﺳدازآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﯾ ﺰﺘﻨﺳ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا و هدﻮﻤﻧ
يﺎـﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟا ﻪـﻧﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد درد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﺼـﻋ يﺎـﻫ
دﻮـﺷ
] 64 [.
4 - 2 - نﺎﻃﺮﺳ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد ﺮﺛا لﻮﻠﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ نوﺪﺑ ﺪﺷر و ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺑ رد نﺪ دﺎﺠﯾا
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . لﻮﻠﺳ هدﻮﺗ ﯽﻧﺎﻃﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ يرﻮﻣﻮﺗ
ﯽــﻣ دﺎـﺠﯾا ار ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ
23. Apiumgraveolens 24. Anethum graveolens L.
ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻪـﮐ راﻮﻣ
د ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ طﺎـﻘﻧ ﺮـﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺟﺎـﻬﺗ و شﺮﺘـﺴﮔ
نﺪـﺑ ار ـﺑ ﯽـﻣ ﺖﺳﺪ
ﺪـﻧروآ ] 66 [ .ﻟ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﯽـﮑﯾ
زا
ناواﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رد ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ تﺎـﺒﮐﺮﻣ ،
ياراد تاﺮﺛا ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ يرﻮﻣﻮﺗﺪﺿ ﻪﯿﻠﻋ
يﺎﻫرﻮﻣﻮﺗ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﻮﺟ
و
نﺎﺴﻧا ﯽﻣ هزوﺮـﻣا ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نآ ﺶـﻘﻧ
و يﺮﯿﮕﺸـﯿﭘ رد
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نﺎﻣرد ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ
] 67 - 69 [ . ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣ
و يﺮﯿﮕﺸـﯿﭘ رد ﺎـﻫ
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نﺎﻣرد ،ﺪﺒﮐ ،تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ ،يﺮﻣ ،نﺎﺘﺴﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
هﺪــﻌﻣ و ﻪــﯾر ﺮﺛﺆــﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴــﻫ ] 9 [ . ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﯽــﮔﮋﯾو يا
يﺎــﻫ
رﻮﻣﻮﺗﺪﺿ ي ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﯿﻠﻋ لﻮﻠـﺳ يﺎـﻫ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ]
70 [ . ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﭘﺮﺗﻮﻧﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر ﺎﻫ
شور ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
نژﻮﮑﻧا مﺎﯿﭘ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا
25ﺎﻫ ،لﻮﻠـﺳ ﻪﺘﺴـﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪﺧﺮﭼ رد ﻪﻔﻗو دﺎﺠﯾا ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ و ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ
ود و ﮏﯾ زﺎﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نﺎﻣرد و يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ،يﺪﺒﮐ ﻨﻨﮐ
ﺪ ] 60 [.
4 - 3 - يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﺪـﺷر و ﯽﻧﻮـﻔﻋ يﺎـﻫ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ چرﺎﻗ و ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ زا ،ﻮﺳ ﮏ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ
،ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﯽﮑﯾ زا ﻟﺎﭼ ﺶ ﻫ يﺎ ﻢﻠﻋ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ نوﺰﻓا زور شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد يﻮﺳ زا و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﺘﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯿﺗﻮﯿﺑ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا نﺎﻣرد ،ﺎﻫ
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﯽﺗﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا . ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎـﺟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ور ﻦﯾا زا
يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺐﻠﺟ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ضراﻮﻋ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ﺪـﻧراﺪﻧ ﺰـﯿﻧ ار ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿـﺷ يﺎـﻫوراد ﯽﺒﻧﺎـﺟ ]
71 [ . ﯽﺸـﻫوﮋﭘ رد
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و لاورﺎﮔآ ]
69 [ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗﺪـﺿ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﺪـﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،
ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ار عﺎـﻨﻌﻧ زا هﺪـﺷ اﺪـﺟ نورﺎـﮐ و ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ يﺎﻫﺮﻣﻮﯿﺘﻧﺎﻧا ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ . ﺎـﻔﻟآ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪـﺿ ﺮـﺛا ،يﺮـﮕﯾد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ -
ﻦﻨــﯿﭘ ﻦﻨﯿﺑﺎــﺳ ،ﻦﻧﻮــﻤﯿﻟ ،26
ﻦﻨﯿﭘﺮــﺗ و 27
- 4 -
28لا ﯽــﺧﺮﺑ يور
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ
ﺪـﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر مﺪﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻫ يﺮﯿﮔ .
ﺮـﺑ
25. Oncogene 26. α-pinene 27. Sabinene 28. Terpinen-4-ol
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ار ﯽﺑﻮـﺧ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗﺪـﺿ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ تاﺮﺛا
داد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ]
72 [.
ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ شراﺰﮔ ،ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ
ﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﻧاد تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬ ﻪﻧﺎﯾزار ي
، ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
تﺎــﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮﯾﺎــﺳ ﺎــﺑ هاﺮــﻤﻫ ياراد
ﯽــﮔﮋﯾو يﺎــﻫ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗﺪــﺿ ،
ﯽﺘﻧآ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﺪﺿ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﺖـﺳا ] 73 [ . ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
نﺪﺷ ﯽﺜﻨﺧ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ تارﺎﺨﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ يﺮﮕﯾد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ بوﺮـﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﺛا كﻮـﮐﻮﻨﻣ يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺪـﻟﻮﻣ يﺎـﻫ
،29
ﻞﯿـﺳﺎﺑ تﺮـﺑا
30
) ﺪﯿﺋﻮﻔﯿﺗ ( كﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ، ) 31
ﺪﻟﻮﻣ تاذ ﻪﯾﺮﻟا ( ﯽـﯾﻼﻃ كﻮﮐﻮﻠﯿﻓﺎﺘﺳا ،
هﺪﺷ كﻮﮐﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا و و
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ 2/
0 ﺪﺻرد زا ﺰﯿﻧ نآ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﻞﯿﺳﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻞﺳ ﺪﻨﮐ
] 74 [.
4 - 4 - ﺮﺛا باﺮﻄﺿاﺪﺿ و
باﻮﺧ روآ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ي
ﺞﻧرﺎﻧرﺎﻬﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يور
رد باﺮﻄـﺿا لﺪـﻣ
ﯽﻧاﻮﯿﺣ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ، ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
ﯽﺒﺼـﻋ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ ﺮﺛا
دراد يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ]
75 [ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
داد نﺎﺸـﻧ يﺮﮕﯾد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
، ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯾﺎـﻣزآ درﻮـﻣ هرﺎﺼـﻋ ﯽﻠـﺻا ،ﺶ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺳد و نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﯽﻌﻤﺟ نوﺮﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ي
ﺪﺷ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ]
76 [.
ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺖـﺳا ردﺎـﻗ هﺪـﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﻪـﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
GABAA
و هﺪﺷ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا يزﺎﺳدازآ هﺪـﻨﻫد
يﺎـﻫ
ﯽﺒﺼﻋ دﻮﺷ GABA
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ور ﻦﯾا زا .
ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر ﺎﺑ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يور ﻢﺘﺴـﯿﺳ بﻮﮐﺮـﺳ ﻖـﯾﺮﻃ زا و ﯽﮑﯾژﺮﺋﺎـﺑﺎﮔ ﻢﺘﺴـﯿﺳ
يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯽﺒﺼﻋ ،
و ﯽﺑاﺮﻄﺿاﺪﺿ تاﺮﺛا زوﺮﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ باﻮـﺧ
يروآ
ﯽﻣ ﻮﺷ د ] 77 [.
4 - 5 - ﺎﺳ ﯾﺮ تاﺮﺛا ﻧﺎﻣرد ﯽ
گﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد اﺮﮑﺑ
32ﯽﯾ ،ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ يوﺎـﺣ
ﯽــﻣ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾدﺪــﺿ ﺖــﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياراد ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
] 78 [ . ﻦﻧﻮــﻤﯿﻟ ﻦﯿــﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﯽــﻣ شﻮــﻣ رد هﺪــﻌﻣ ﻢــﺧز زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮــﻠﺟ ﺐــﺟﻮﻣ ﺪــﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎــﻫ
دﻮﺷ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ]
79 [ . نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ازر ]
80 [ ﻪـﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد رﺎﻬﻇا
29. Monococcus 30. Abert bacillus 31. Penomococcus
تاﺮــﺛا ياراد ،شﺮﺗﻮــﻤﯿﻟ ﺖــﺳﻮﭘ ﺲﻧﺎــﺳا رد دﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻧﻮــﻤﯿﻟ ﯽﻣ شراﻮﮔ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ،ﻦـﯾا ﺮـﺑ هوﻼﻋ
ﯽﻣ ﺐﯿﺳآ زا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪـﯾﺎﻤﻧ يﺮﯿﮔﻮـﻠﺟ يﻮـﯾر دﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ]
81 [.
رد
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺮﮕﯾد ي ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽﻨﻏور ﭘ ﺖﺳﻮ شﺮﺗﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺮﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﯽﺑﺮﭼ نﻮﺧ و شرﺎﻤﺷ ﯽﻗاﺮﺘﻓا ﺖﯿﺳﻮﮑﻟ
33يﺎﻫ نﻮﺧ رد
شﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻧ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ
، داﮋﻧ رﺎﺘﺴﯾو ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .
نآ زا ﯽﮐﺎـﺣ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻪــــﮐ دﻮــــﺑ ﺎﻤﺘﺣا
ًﻻ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟ ﺎﻤﺳﻼﭘ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ زا زوﺮﺑ زوﺮﻠﮑﺳاوﺮﺗآ و34
رد ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رﺎﻤﯿﺑ ي يﺎـــﻫ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ
ﺪﻫﺎﮑﺑ ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ .
ﻦﯿــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﯾا ﻤﺘﺣا لﺎ دﻮﺟو دراد ﻪﮐ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪــﺑ
ﺖﻠﻋ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﮑﻟ ﺎﻫ و ﺪﺻرد ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻔﻨﻟ
35يﺎﻫ نﻮﺧ
،
ﯽــــﻣ ﺪــــﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﺐﺒﺳ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا
زوﺮﺑ
يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ددﺮﮔ ] 82 [ . ،ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﯽـــــــــﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﺘﻧآ
ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا و ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺖﺳﻮﭘ
شﺮﺗﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺰـﯿﻧ
ﺪــﺷ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ]
83 [ . د ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ -
تاﺮــﺛا ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ
ار ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﻢﺋﻼﻋ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﺒﺼﻋ گﺮﻣ و بﺎﺼﻋا ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺸﺨﺑ ] 84 [.
لوﺪﺟ رد 3
ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ تاﺮﺛا زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ رﻮﻃ .
5 - ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ضراﻮﻋ و ﯽﻨﻤﯾا
هدﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﯽﺑ ي
نﺎﺴﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻢﮐ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ضراﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ و ﺮﻄﺧ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . يوراد و اﺬﻏ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ،ار ﻦﻧﻮـﻤﯿﻟ ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ 36
هدﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻢﻌﻃ و ﺮﻄﻋ و ﯽﻧدوﺰﻓا ي هﺪﻨﻫد
،ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ي
ﯽﺑ و ﻦﻤﯾا ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ
] 45 , 51 , 94 [.
دراد ﯽـﻤﮐ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴـﻧ دﺎـﺣ ﺖﯿﻣﻮﻤﺴـﻣ ﯽﮐارﻮـﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ و
ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﻠﻏ رد ﺖﻈ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﻻﺎﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏـﯾ
ﯽﺘـﺳﻮﭘ هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ ﮏﯾﺮﺤﺗ هدﺎﻣ ،
ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴـﺣ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﮑﻤﻣ
دﻮﺷ ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ ،ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .
ﻟﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ ﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﮏ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ هدﺎﻣ از
اﺮﺑ ي ،نﺎﺴﻧا يﻮﻗ ﻢﺳ ﯾ ﺎ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻤﻧ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ از ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ] 94 [.
33. Leukocyte 34. Atherosclerosis 35. Lymphocyte 36
[ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-06 ]
Table 3 Effects and mechanisms of limonene in vitro and in vivo assay [85]
References Mechanisms
Assay Model
Effect
[86]
Decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,
and glutathione transferase Streptozotocin-induced
diabetes in Wistar rats In vivo
Antioxidant activity
[87]
Inhibition of glycation by stabilizing protein structure through hydrophobic interactions Bovine serum albumin
In vitro Antidiabetic
activity
[88]
Lowered the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), the production of prostaglandin E2
(PGE2) and the levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 5 (IL-6), and tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) RAW 264.7
macrophages In vitro
[89]
Inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, nuclear factor kappa
B (NF-κB) and p38 activation, and decreased iNOS expression Human chondrocytes
stimulated with IL-1β In vitro
Anti-inflammatory activity
[90]
Reduced cyclin D1 but not antigen KI-6 (Ki67) expression Women diagnosed with
operable breast cancer In vivo
[91]
Together with docetaxel, limonene intensified cytotoxic effect, induced reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation and increased caspase activity Human prostate
carcinoma DU-145 cells In vitro
Anticancer activity
[92]
Healing effect on stomach ulcer by enhancing cell proliferation,
angiogenesis, and PGE2
production Acetic acid-induced
gastric ulcers in Wistar rats
In vivo Effects in
gastrointestinal tract
[93]
Prevented the hyperalgesia caused by gp120, IL-1β, and TNF-α by modulating cytokines production
and superoxide dismutase expression Pre-administration of
envelope glycoprotein GP120 (gp120), IL-1β, or TNF-α to Swiss mice In vivo
Antinociceptive activity
6 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺮﯿﮔ ي
ﻟﯿ ﻦﻧﻮﻤ هﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ،تﺎـﺒﮐﺮﻣ ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ زا
ﯾ ـﮑ ﯽ ﺮـﺘﻤﻬﻣ زا ﯾ
ﻦ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻨﻏور ﯽ ﻣ لﺎﻘﺗﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺐـﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻦـﯾا زا رد
ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ
، وراد ﯽﯾ
، ارآ ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ ﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﯽ ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﻞ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾ
ﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﻢﻌﻃ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽ
، ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺖ ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ
، و ﯽﻧﺎـﻣرد تاﺮﺛا
ﻣﺪﺿ ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ نآ ﯽ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺎـﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﺴﯾز تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ ﯽﻟﺎـﻌﻓ
زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻣرد ﺎﯾ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ رد ﯽﺘﺒﺜﻣ تاﺮﺛا ياراد ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ ) يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
،درد ،نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ و ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋ يﺎﻫ
يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ،بﺎﻬﺘﻟا ﺖﺑﺎﯾد و ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ و ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ
( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ا زا ﯾ ﻦ
،ور
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺳر
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ زا يﺎﻫ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ
رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﯽﯾﺎــﻫرﺎﮑﻫار يﺮﯿﮔرﺎــﮐ
زا ﺖــﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ تﺎــﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ
ﺖﺴﯾز د نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻟﺎﻌﻓ -
ﻪﮐ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﯿﻟ ﺳﺎﺴﺣ
ﯿ ﺖ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ
ﺤﻣ بﺮﺨﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯿ
ﻄ ﯽ ) يﺎـﻣد و ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ،رﻮـﻧ ،نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﻻﺎﺑ ( ﺪﻧراد
، ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
7 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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