ﻲﻤﻠﻋ هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺄ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ﺮﻴﺛ يﺎﻫ
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
و
Chilocorus bipustulatus
ﻲﻧارﻮﻃﻦﻴﺴﺣﺮﻴﻣا ﻲﺳﺎﺒﻋﺐﻴﺒﺣ،1
رﻮﭘ
،1
يردﺎﻗيﺪﻬﻣ
2
1 هﺎﻴﮔهوﺮﮔ- ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ة ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يزروﺎﺸﻛمﻮﻠﻋ
2 ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣويزروﺎﺸﻛمﻮﻠﻋهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد - ناﺮﻳا،يرﺎﺳ،يرﺎﺳﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﻜﻣلﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻚﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟاﺖﺴﭘ،ﻲﻧارﻮﻃﻦﻴﺴﺣﺮﻴﻣا :
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد : 27 / 09 /
95 97
- 93 ) 1 ( 5 ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ : 19 / 10 / 96
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ
Muls.Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
و
بﺎـﻘﻧ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﻪـﻜﻟود راد
يا
،
Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.)زا
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﻜﺷ داﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ
ة
Diaspididaeو
Eriococcidae
ناﺮﻳا رد
ﻲﻣ ﺷﺎﺑ ﻨ ﺪ شور ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا . هزرﺎـﺒﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻚﺸﭙﺷ ﺎﺑ ر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ ﻦﻏو
ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ
ﺳ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺘﺒـﺴﻧ ﺖﻋﺮ
ًﺎ و ﻪـﺘﻓر ﻦﻴﺑ زا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد يدﺎﻳز
ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ تﺎـﻓآ نﺎـﻴﻐﻃ ﺎـﻳ ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ زوﺮـﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد
ﺖﺳا ﻢﻛ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا .
ﺮـﺸﺣ يور ﻚـﻟو ﻦـﻏور ﺮـﺛا ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ة
كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ يورﻻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ و ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
C. montrouzieriو
C. bipustulatusگﺮـﺑ يور
ﻮـﻣ غﺎـﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ رد تﺎـﺒﻛﺮﻣ يﺎـﻫ در
ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﻲﺳررﺮﺑ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ تاﺮﺸﺣ و يورﻻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ اﺪﺘﺑا .
ﻪـﺑ رﻮﺑﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺎـﺑ ﺲﭙـﺳ و يزﺎـﺳﺎﻫر ﻪـﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ترﻮـﺻ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ 5 /
، 0 و 1 5 / بآ و ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ﺪﺻرد 1 ﺪﻫﺎﺷ )
گﺮﺑ يور ( زا ﺲﭘ و يﺮﭙﺳا ﺎﻫ
24
هﺪـﻧز و هدﺮـﻣ تاﺮـﺸﺣ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .
ﺪﺻرد 5 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﺑ يراد
ﺮـﻫ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ رد و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
دراد دﻮﺟو كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ود ﺖﻈﻠﻏ .
5 / ﺪﺻرد 1 گﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ياراد
،ﺮﻴﻣو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ 11 /
±
1 16 / و 92 24 /
±
1 83 / رد ﺪﺻرد 96
لوا ﻦﺳ ورﻻ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ
يﺎﻫ
C. montrouzieriو
C. bipustulatus
دﻮﺑ
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ . و ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺔ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ نآ
ﻦﻴﺑ زرﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا ة
ژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻚﻳ
IOBC)
، ( گﺮﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﻴﻣو
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ 1 و 5 / 0 ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ود ﺮـﻫ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﻨـﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺮﺜﻛا رد
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد
در ة مود هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻓآ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ تاﺮﺛا يﺪﻨﺑ ﺶﻛ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ) ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ( ﺪ .
هژاو يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ
،تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ :
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri،
Chilocorus bipustulatus، ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ،ﺮﮔرﺎﻜﺷ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﮔرﺎﻜﺷ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls.زا داﻮﻧﺎﺧ ة
Coccinellidaeداﻮﻧﺎﺧﺮﻳز و
ة
Scymninaeﺖﺳا
.
ﻢـﻬﻣ ﺮﮔرﺎﻜـﺷ ﻦـﻳا ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
و ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪـﻣآرﺎﻛ ﻦﻤـﺷد
ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ
ﻚﺸﭙﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻣﻮﺑ و رﻮـﺸﻛ ﺎﻴﻟاﺮﺘـﺳا ﻮـﺑ هد و ﻦﻴﺘـﺴﺨﻧ رﺎـﺑ
ياﺮﺑ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻚـﺸﭙﺷ
ﺎـﻫ دراو ﺎـﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﻛ
ﺪﺷ
(Clausen, 1915)ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ .
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﻛ
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ
C. montrouzieriﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ نوﺰﻓا ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻳﺬﻐﺗ زا
دﻮﻟآدرآ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ ،تﺎـﺒﻛﺮﻣ
Planococcus citri (Risso)
و
ﻚﺸﭙﺷ دﻮﻟآدرآ
،يﺎﭼ
Pseudococcus viburni Signoret،
ﻪـــﺑ ﺮـــﮕﻳد تﺎـــﻓآ ﺪـــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺘـــﺷ ﺔ هﺎﻴـــﺳ
،تﺎـــﺒﻛﺮﻣ
Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe
و
ـﻨﻛ ﺔ
ﺰﻣﺮﻗ
،يﺎﭼ
Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieuﺰﻴﻧ
ﻪـﻠﻤﺣ
ﺪﻨﻛ
(Murray, 1978)كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ .
ﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺲ
Chilocorusﻪــــﺑ ﻖــــﻠﻌﺘﻣ داﻮﻧﺎــــﺧ
ة
Coccinellidaeداﻮﻧﺎــــﺧﺮﻳز و
ة
Chilocorinae
ﻲﻣ
ـﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ . بﺎـﻘﻧ كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ ﻪـﻜﻟود راد
يا
،
Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.)
ﻢـــﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﻜـــﺷ زا
ﻚﺸﭙﺷ داﻮﻧﺎـﺧ يﺎـﻫ ة
Diaspididae
و
Eriococcidae
ﻲـﻣ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ .
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻮﻛاوﺮﮔآ ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﮔرﺎﻜﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎﻫ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲـﻣ راﺮـﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻚﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔ
Franzmann, 2002; Obrycki and Kring, 1998
) .(
ﻲـﻜﻳ
هﺮﺸﺣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور يﺎﻳاﺰﻣ زا ﺶﻛ
ﻢﻛ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺮـﻄﺧ
ﻲﻧارﻮﻃ 94 نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو ﺗﻲﺳرﺮﺑ:
ﺄ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛﺮﺑﻚﻟوﻦﻏورﺮﻴﺛ يﺎﻫ
...
ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻴﻔﻣ تاﺮﺸﺣ و نﺎﺴﻧا ياﺮﺑ نآ ندﻮﺑ كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ هﮋﻳو
ﺎـﻫ
ﺖــﺳا
(Talebi Jahromi, 2007).
زا ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻚــﻟو ﻦــﻏور
ﻞﻜﺷ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻏور يرﺎﺠﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻓارﺎﭘ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ
د ـﺸﻛ ر ﻮ ا ر ـﺳ ﺖ
ًﻻﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ﻪــﻛ ﻪــﺑ
ــﺻ ﻟﻮﻣا ﻦــﻏور ترﻮ ــﺴ
ﻮﻴ ن ﻮــﺷ هﺪﻧ ﺮﻓ و ﻪــﻟﻮﻣ
ًﺎﺗﺪـــــﻤﻋ ﻛ ياﺮـــــﺑ ﻨ
ﭙﺷ لﺮـــــﺘ ـــــﺸ اﻮﻧﺎـــــﺧ يﺎـــــﻫ ﻚ د
ة
Diaspididae
، ﻪـــﺑ ﺮﭙـــﺳ هﮋـــﻳو د
رز را د ﺮـــﺷ ﻗ
،تﺎـــﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲ
Newstead
)
Aonidiella orientalis(
، ﭙﺷ و ـــﺸ ﻚ يﺎـــﻫ
رآ د ﻮــﻟآ د ﻪﺘــﺷ ، ﻛ و ﺎــﻫ ــﻨ ﻪ ﺘــﺳا ﻲﻫﺎــﻴﮔ يﺎــﻫ ﻔﺎ
د ه ــﻣ ﻲ ــﺷ دﻮ
Khalaf & Sokhansanj, 1992; Farid, 1993
) .(
ر ﻦﻏو ﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ و ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺎـﺑ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ير
زوﺮــﺑ ﺮـﻄﺧ و ﻪـﺘﻓر ﻦﻴـﺑ زا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد يدﺎﻳز ًﺎﺘﺒـﺴﻧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ
رﺎﻴﺴﺑ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ تﺎـﻓآ نﺎـﻴﻐﻃ ﺎـﻳ ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﺖـﺳا ﻢـﻛ
Beattie and Smith, 1993; Beattie, 1990
) .(
ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور زا ياﺮﺑ
ﻛﻨ لﺮﺘ تﺎﻓآ تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ د ﻲﻌﻴـﺳو ﺢﻄـﺳ ر
ﻣ تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ تﺎﻏﺎﺑ زا ﻄﻨ
ﻘﺔ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﺘﺳا ﻔﺎ د ه ﻣ ﻲ ـﺷ دﻮ . ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻔ
كزوﺪﺸ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻋ ـﻨ اﻮ ن د ﻨﻤـﺷ نﺎ ﻃ ﺖـﻓآ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒ
تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ
ـﺗ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪـﻫ ﺎـﺑ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﺄ
ﻦـﻳا ﺮﻴﺛ
ور ﻏ ﻛ يور ﻦ ﻔ كزوﺪﺸ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﻛﺬﻣ .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺮـﺸﺣ يور ﻚـﻟو ﻦـﻏور ﺮـﺛا ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ ياﺮﺑ ة
و ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ
كزوﺪــﺸﻔﻛ يورﻻ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻴﻨــﺳ
C. montrouzieriو
C. bipustulatus
، يﺎـﻫورﻻ و كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ تاﺮﺸﺣ
گﺮﺑ يور نآ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ رد نﻮـﺴﻣﺎﺗ ﻢﻗر تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳﺎﻫر غﺎﺑ .
بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺧرد
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺎـﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ و ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ يزﺎـﺳﺎﻫر نآ يور ﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑ دﻮﻟآدرآ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ،دﻮﺷ يﺮﭙﺳا نآ يور رد و ﺪـﻧ
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ سﺮﺘﺳد ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ
. ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ زا ﻚـﻟو ﻦﻏور
ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ نﺎـﻣﺮﻛ يﺎـﻴﻤﻴﻛ شوﺎﻛ
واﺮﭘﻮـﺳ ) ﻳ ﻞ زا ﺪـﺻرد 80
، ﻦﻏور ﺪﺻرد 18
و بآ ﺪﺻرد 2 ﻟﻮﻣا ﺴ ﻴ ﺎﻔ ﻳﺮ ﻜﺸﺗ ﻴ ﻞ و هﺪـﺷ
ﺳﺎﻧﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﻴ
نﻮ نآ ﺪﺻرد 92 ﺖﺳا .(
دوﺪـﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ﺮـﻫ ياﺮﺑ ،گﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ندﻮﺑ 10
ﺮـﺸﺣ دﺪـﻋ ة
ﺎـﻳ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ
ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﻪـﺑ يورﻻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
راﺮـﻗ گﺮـﺑ يور ﻪـﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ترﻮـﺻ
ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﺎـﺑ ﻚـﻟو ﻦـﻏور ﺎﺑ يﺮﭙﺳا ﺲﭙﺳ و هداد يﺎـﻫ
5 /
، 0
، 1
5 / ﺪﻫﺎﺷ و ﺪﺻرد 1 بآ )
( ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا راﺮـﻜﺗ ﻪـﺳ رد .
زا ﺲـﭘ گﺮﺑ رود ﻲﺷﺎﭙﻤﺳ مﺎﻤﺗا
ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎـﺑ يرﻮـﺗ يﺎـﻫ
كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ راﺮﻓ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺰﻳر ﺶﻣ و هﺪﻧﺎـﺷﻮﭘ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺷ رﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﭘ .
زا ﺲ 24 هﺪـﻧز و هدﺮـﻣ تاﺮـﺸﺣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ .
ـﺑ يﺎـﻫ ﻪ رد هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد
مﺮـﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ راﺰـﻓا
زا ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و
SASﻪﻨﻣاد ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﻜﻧاد يا
.
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ــﺗ ناﺰــﻴﻣ ﺄ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛ يور ﻚــﻟو ﻦــﻏور ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻨـﺳ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻛ
ﻔ وﺪـﺸ كز ﺎـﻫ لوﺪـﺟ رد )
1 ( هﺪـﻣآ
ﺖﺳا ﻲـﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .
ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻫد
ﺪـﺻرد 5 فﻼﺘـﺧا
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻴﺑ يراد ﺮـﻫ يور تﺎﻔﻠﺗ دﺎﺠﻳا رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
دراد دﻮﺟو كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ود .
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ مﺎـﻤﺗ رد
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ،ﻲﻨﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ 5
/ گﺮﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ياراد ﺪﺻرد 1
دﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﻣ و سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .
ـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺔ
نآ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا يﺎـﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺎـﺑ
ﻦﻴﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ زرﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا
ة ژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻚﻳ
IOBC) ﻦﺳ ورﻻ ياﺮﺑ ، (
ﻛ لوا ﻔ كزوﺪﺸ يﺎﻫ
C. montrouzieriو
C. Bipustulatus
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 5 / 1 ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ
ياراد ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺮـﻴﻣ و گﺮـﻣ
16 / و 92 83 / ﺪﺻرد 96 هوﺮﮔ رد ﻪـﺳ كﺎـﻧﺮﻄﺧ ) و (
ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ
ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸﻛ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳ تاﺮـﺸﺣ ياﺮـﺑ
كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ
C. montrouzieriراﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ 29 / ﺪـﺻرد 48
ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ) (
ﻦـﺳ ورﻻ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨـﺸﻛ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و
لوا
C. bipustulatusﻪـﺑ
راﺪـﻘﻣ 17 / ﺪـﺻرد 87 كﺎـﻧﺮﻄﺧ ) (
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ . ﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ
ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ــﺗ ﻚــﻟو ﻦــﻏور ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎــﻫ ﺄ
يور يﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛ
ﻔﻛ كزوﺪﺸ
C. bipustulatusﺖﺒـﺴﻧ
ﻪـﺑ
C. montrouzieriﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد .
بﺎــﻘﻧ كزوﺪــﺸﻔﻛ يور نﺎــﻘﻘﺤﻣ تﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ راد
ﻪﻜﻟود
،يا
C. bipustulatusﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
لوا ﻦﺳ ورﻻ ياﺮﺑ
ﻛ ﻔ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ،كزوﺪﺸ 5
/ 1
ﺮـﻴﻣ و گﺮـﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ﺪﺻرد
25 / ﺪﺻرد 81 هوﺮـﮔ رد ﻪـﺳ ﺮﻄﺧ ) كﺎـﻧ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ و ( يﺎـﻫ 1 و
5 / 0 رد ﺮـﻴﻣ و گﺮـﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻ 75
/ ﺪـﺻرد 68 و 5 / 62
ﺪﺻرد هوﺮﮔ رد ، ود
ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ) ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ (
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻛ
دراد ﺖـﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﻢـﻫ .
ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ تاﺮـﺸﺣ ياﺮـﺑ ،ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
ﻛ ﻔ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ،كزوﺪﺸ يﺎـﻫ
5 /
، 1
1
و
5
/
0
ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﺻرد
ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﺮﻴﻣ و گﺮﻣ 5
/
، 77 65 و 25 / 61 هوﺮﮔ رد ﺪﺻرد ود
) ﺮـﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ
ﻲــﺋﺰﺟ ﺪــﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ (
Ranjbar and Khoshnam, 2012)
.(
كزوﺪــﺸﻔﻛ ﻲﻳآرﺎــﻛ ﺎــﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﻛ رد
C. bipustulatusياﺮــﺑ
لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ 44
- 41 د ﺻر ﺪ روآﺮﺑ د ﺷ هﺪ ﺖـﺳا
Popova, 1971
) ﻢــﻫ .(
ﻦــﻳا يزﺎــﺳﺎﻫر و شروﺮــﭘ ،ﻦﻴــﻨﭼ
ﻛ ﻔ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ياﺮﺑ كزوﺪﺸ
،تﺎﺒﻛﺮﻣ دﻮﻟآدرآ
P. citriآ ﺖـﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺖـﻓ
د ﺪـﺷ بﻮـﻠﻄﻣ ﺪـﺣ ر ه
ﺖـﺳا
Berlinger & Izahor, 1979)
ﻲﻳآرﺎــﻛ ﻦﺘﻓﺮــﮔﺮﻈﻧرد ﺎــﺑ .(
ﺮﺸﺣ و مرﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﺳ ورﻻ يﻻﺎﺑ ة
كزوﺪـﺸﻔﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻞﻣﺎﻛ رد ﺎـﻫ
ﻢـﻫ و تﺎـﺒﻛﺮﻣ تﺎﻓآ زا ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ـﺗ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
ﺄ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﻢـﻛ ﺮﻴﺛ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲـﻣ طﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺳا ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ،ﻲﻨﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور دﻮـﺷ
ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﺑﻮـﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻳآرﺎـﻛ زا ﻲﻨﺳ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻦﻳا رد هﺮﺸﺣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ ﻚﺸﭙﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ رد تﺎـﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ ﻚﺘـﺸﻟﺎﺑ و ﺎﻫرادﺮﭙﺳ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا تﺎﻏﺎﺑ .
ﺪﺟ لو 1 ﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ - ﺄ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛ گﺮﻣ يور ﻚﻟو ﻦﻏور ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻣ و
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ و يورﻻ
ﻛ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ تاﺮﺸﺣ ﻔ
كزوﺪـﺸ يﺎـﻫ
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
و
Chilocorus bipustulatus
.
Table 1. Effect of different concentrations of Volk oil on the mortality of different larval instars and adults of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chilocorus bipustulatus ladybirds.
Different Concentrations Life stages
Species
Control (Water) 1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
17.42 ± 0.88 1d 92.16 ± 1.11 3a
72.56 ± 0.21 2b 58.3 ± 0.8 2c*
1st instar larva
C. montrouzieri
13.95 ± 0.17 1d 78.68 ± 0.17 3a
65.76 ± 0.15 2b 55.36 ± 0.12 2c
2st instar larva
12.37 ± 0.81 1d 81.39 ± 1.23 3a
58.30 ± 0.8 2b 52.58 ± 0.3 2c
3st instar larva
8.79 ± 0.56 1d 76.28 ± 0.2 3a
50 ± 0.7 2b 41.80 ± 0.10 1c
4st instar larva
9.07 ± 0.22 1d 70.95 ± 1.15 2a
48.29 ± 0.4 1b 43.05 ± 0.2 1c
Adult
19.92 ± 0.27 1d 96.83 ± 1.24 3a
87.17 ± 1.62 3b 80.43 ± 0.58 3c
1st instar larva
C. bipustulatus
17.47 ± 0.31 1d 83.60 ± 1.32 3a
76.44 ± 0.23 3b 70.79 ± 0.64 2c
2st instar larva
13.85 ± 0.44 1d 78.16 ± 1.07 3a
69.63 ± 0.78 2b 63.36 ± 0.19 2c
3st instar larva
13.42 ± 0.67 1d 73.24 ± 1.12 2a
59.48 ± 1.09 2b 57.87 ± 0.76 2c
4st instar larva
12.37 ± 0.16 1d 70.90 ± 0.42 2a
61.17 ± 0.50 2b 55.03 ± 1.08 2c
Adult
فوﺮﺣ*
ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣﺮﻴﻏ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد رد ﺢﻄﺳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺪﺻرد5 ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد
.
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ**
يﺪﻨﺑ اﺮﺑ سﺎﺳ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
IOBC/WPRS
رد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ ﻪـﻤﻴﻧويا ﻪـﻋرﺰﻣ يا
1 : - ﻲـﻳﺰﺟﺮـﻄﺧﺎـﺑ )
50
≤%
،(
2
- ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣﺮـﻄﺧﺎـﺑ
) 75
% - 51
،(%
-3
كﺎﻧﺮﻄﺧ ) 75
≥ % ( .
* The different letter has shown significant difference (α=5%).
** Evaluation categories according to the principles of IOBC/WPRS (% mortality or reduction in beneficial capacity were used); 1: Slightly Harmful (≤ 50%), 2: Moderately Harmful (51-75%), 3: Harmful (≥75%) (Boller et al., 2005).
References
Beattie, G.A.C. 1990. Citrus petroleum spray oils. Agfact H2.AE. 5 (NSW Agriculture and Fisheries), p. 6.
Beattie, G.A.C. & Smith, D. 1993. Citrus leafminer. Agfact HZ.AE.4, 2nd edition, Sydney: NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia, p. 6.
Berlinger, M. J. & Izahor, J. 1979. Contribution to the phenology of Chilocorus bipustulatus in citrus groves and the control of Planococcus citri in Israel. Entomophaga, 15: 49-54.
Boller, E.F., Vogt, H., Ternes, P. & Malavolta, C. 2005. Working Document on Selectivity of Pesticides.
International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section.
Clausen, CP. 1915. Mealybugs of citrus trees. California Agriculture State Bulletin, 258: 19-48.
Farid, A. 1993. Study on bio-ecology and control of Aonidiella orientalis in Jiroft and Hormozgan. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 61: 96-105.
ﻲﻧارﻮﻃ 96 نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو ﺗﻲﺳرﺮﺑ:
ﺄ كزوﺪﺸﻔﻛﺮﺑﻚﻟوﻦﻏورﺮﻴﺛ يﺎﻫ
...
Franzmann, A.B. 2002. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), A predacious ladybird new in Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41: 375-377.
Khalaf, J. & Sokhansanj, M. 1992. Bioecological studies on oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis New.) and its control by integrated methods in Fars Province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 60:
53-59.
Murray, D.A. 1978. Effect of fruit fly sprays in the abundance of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and its predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant on Passion fruit in south eastern. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 35(2): 143-147.
Obrycki, J.J. & Kring, T.J. 1998. Predaceous Coccinellidae in biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 43: 295-321.
Popova, A.I. 1971. Chilocorus in the control of the California scale. Zashchita Rastenii, 16: 42-43.
Ranjbar, S. & Khoshnam, A. 2012. The susceptibility of the ladybird Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.:
Coccinellidae) to Volk oil. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 32(1): 81.
Talebi Jahromi, Kh. 2007. Pesticides Toxicology. Tehran University Press. (In Persian).
Short Article
The effect of Volk oil on the ladybirds Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col.: Coccinellidae)
Amirhossein Toorani1, Habib Abbasipour1, and Mahdi Ghaderi2 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed Universiey, Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Plant Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Sari, Sari, Iran Corresponding author: Amirhossein Toorani, email: [email protected]
Received: Dec., 17, 2016 5 (1) 93-97 Accepted: Jan., 09, 2018
Abstract
Predator ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the armored-scale ladybeetle, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) are important predators of Diaspididae and Eriococcidae families in Iran. Application of mineral oils are among chemical methods to control mealybugs which are more compatible with the environment and relatively quickly are destroyed in the environment and the risk of secondary pest resistance in regards with these compounds is very low. In this study, the effect of Volk oil® on adult and different larval stages of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus was evaluated on citrus leaves in orchard conditions. Ladybeetles were released and then sprayed with Volk oil at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 percent and water (control) was carried out and after 24 hours the number of dead and alive insects were determined.. The results showed that there were significant differences between the effects of different concentrations on life stages of both ladybirds at 5% level. The concentration 1.5% had the highest mortality rate, as 92.16±1.11and 96.83±1.24 percent on the 1st larval stage of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus ladybirds, respectively. Based on the results and compared with the evaluation criteria of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), mortality rate caused by 1 and 0.5% concentrations of Volk oil in most age stages for both predators were placed in the second group of side effect ranking (Moderately Harmful).
Keywords: citrus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Chilocorus bipustulatus, predator, Volk oil
