MIEN TRUNG vA TAY NGUYfiN TREN BUCWG CONG NGHIEP HOA, K i t e DAI HOA
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE XANH VA XOA NGHEO HEN VUNG
KINH NGHIEM TL/MOT Dli AN DAU TU"
8 TiNH QUANG TRI
ThS N G U Y I N THI L £ THUY* • ThS H 6 XUAN Hlfiu*
L
fi mot trong 11 du an duoc chpn tu 210 y tuong kinh doanh thfl' hifln qua de' euong dtr an sobp tu cac doanh nghiflp nong nghiep thupe mpi loai hinh tren qui mfl toan qufl'c, 'Dudn sdn xudtpkdn bon vi sirdi gid ri cko cdy sdn" tai huyen Hudng Hda cua Cong ty TNHH MTV Thuong mai Quang Tri la mpt dir an vira ed nhung tac dpng tich ctic ve mat mfli tnrimg vi nd su dting phfl' thai vo gfl - mflt trong nhimg chfl't thai ran eua qua trinh che'bie'n tinh bpt sfin vua chti trpng de'n eae eflng dong dfl'ng bfio dfln tpe thieu so' cr tinh Quang Tri thflng qua viee hudng dfin eho nflng dan ngheo PaCo, Vfln Kieu bdn phan cho eay san de dat nang suait va chat lupng cao hon, dan xda bo tap quan eanh tac truyen thfl'ng "du eanh du cu" lfim cho dSt, nudc vfi rung ngay cang ngheo di, ngubi nflng dan cd thfl' tie'p tuc canh tac trfln dfi't cti nay dupe eai tao mfiu ma hon. Chinh chuoi gia tri nflng nghiflp cd t^m quan trpng dfl'i vdi ngubi ngheo nfln nha may tinh bpt san (dune thfinh lap nam 2004, hoat dflng nam 2006) cua Cflng ty TNHH MTV Thuong mai Quang Tri thuc hifln dtr an vdi to'ng vfl'n dau tu khoang 423.200 USD, trong dd tranh thu dup^ su hd trp tai cb'nh eua Quy thdch thiic Vi^t Nam '(VCF)i khoang 167.400 USD (cuoi nam 2009).Cfly sfin cd vai trb y nghia rfl't ldn dfl'i vdi nflng
* Hoc vien Oilnh tit - Hdnh chlnh khu vuc III
"Nha mdyffnh bdt sin Hi^g Hda. Ouang Tti
nghiep eiia tinh Quang Tri, trong cflng tae xda ddi giam ngheo o vung mien mii Hudng Hda, Da Krflng.
Ngfiy nay, vdi sir phat trie'n cua eong nghiep ehe'bie'n, san lfi nguon nguyen Heu khflng the' thieu trong nhie'u ngfinh cflng nghiep ldn nhu lfim ho', in, cflng nghiep det, gifly, san xufl't cfl'n, mi cb'nh, san xua't men...
Nhu c^u cua thfl'gidi dfl'i vdi tinh bpt sfin ngay cfing gia tang, nha't la tai eae thi trubng Trung Qufle, Dfii Loan, Hfin Quo'e, Nhat Ban ciing vdi nhiing thi trubng tiflu thu sfin khfl truyin thfl'ng la EU va My. Nfim bat nhu clu thi truang, ciing vdi phuang chflm kinh doanh cua nhfi may lfi "Kink doanh cdng ngudi ngkio", Cflng ^ Thuong mai Quang Tri da quye't tam vtipt qua nhiing khd khan, tranh thti cae ngufl'n lire, thue hifln nhihig dtr an vdi nhung bflu qua kinh te - xa hpi thie't thure. Chia khda cho sir thfinh cflng cua nha may dfi tao dupe vbng trbn cua viee su diing eay sfin va nhung chifl'n dich eho sir phat trie'n be'n viing giira nhfi may vfi nflng dan.
1. Quy Tti^ch thii'c Viet Nam {VCF) \k m6t phin cua dU &n
"Ndng cao hidu qua thj tn/dng cho nguitinghdd', giai doan 2 (M4P2). Du dn M4P2 do DFiD tSt tr?. ADB cCing B6 Ki lioach - Odu tiT quan i;? tliiJc hiSn. VCF tSi tro tren cd sd d6\
iJng, da d6ng g6p vho 11 du dn vdi t^ng s6 tien 1^ 1,77 tn#u USD, vdi muc tiSu huy dong diftJC v6n d6\ iJng i^ 5,06 trieu USD. IHp da tli^nli c6ng trong vifc cai lhi§n tliu nhSp cho h0n 20 000 ngudl nghdo trdn to^n quSc, tao ra hon 3.200 viec \km mdi cho ngudi nghdo.
MIEN TRUNG VA TAY NGUYEN TRfeN DUOTVG C 6 N G N G H I | : P HOA, HlfiN DAI HOA Hanh trinh nfiy bfit d^u tir su nhin nhfln vfi gi^i
quyet eac vfl'n de:
• Ddnh gid nhiing khd kh&n trudc khi thifc hi^n difdn Dieu de thfl'y nhfi't trong hoat dOng sSn xufl't cua bfi eon ngubi dfln tfle thifl'u sfl'ndi chung vfi d6ng bfio dfin tfle Pa Cfl, Vfin Ki^u o Qufing Tri ndi riflng lfi tfip quan quang canh, dfl't rung lfim ray, canh tac nho le, it hofie thfim chi khflng stir diing phfln bdn eho efiy sfin. Nhung nfim dfl'u khai thac ngufin dinh du&ng trong dfl't, cfly sSn eiing d^t dupc nflng sufl't nhfl't dinh, sau mflt thbi gian cfly sfin cung bflt d^u lfim cho dfl't ngfiy efing nghfio kiet, thoai hda, bac mfiu vfi sfin cung giam din nang sufl't qua eac nfim canh tae. "Bde lot dfi't" vfi trong qua trinh ehfl' bie'n sfin, nude thfii vfi bfi thfii khflng duoe ehii trpng xuly dfi Ifim cho moi trubng dfl't vfi nude bi fl nhilm nghiem trpng do luang dfle tfl' HON (hydro cyanua) cd trong sfin. "Nhihig thfinh cflng ban din trd nfln mong manh, khong ben vumg. Nhfi may phai doi mat vdi nguy eo ddng cua vi fl nhilm moi truang vfi thiflu nguyen lieu"^.
- Xdc dinh myc ti&u difdn
Mue tieu cua nhfi may d^u hudng tdi giai quyet nhimg khd khfin tren, dd lfi:
+ San xua't phfln bdn gia re tir rae thai nhfi may sfin vfi each ban linh hoat dfl' mpi ngubi dfin dfl'u mua duac phfin bdn, nhfim tfing nfing sufl't cfly trong, bao tieu san pham vdi ba eon dong bfio dan tpe tbfl'u sfl trong vung qui hoaeh nguyfln liflu cua nhfi may. Mtic tieu nfiy nhfim xae lap quan he eben lupc ben vting giua nha may vdi nflng dan, nd khflng chi gitip nong dfln yen tflm san xufi't, diu tu thfim canh cho san xufl't, giam tae hai cua viee canh tae sfln tbfl'u bfl'n vung dfli mdi mfli trubng nflng ngbep mfi cbn fl'n dinh viing nguyen Ueu cho nhfi may.
+ Giam 6 nhiem mfli trubng cho nhfi may sfin, bao ve mfli trubng dfl't vfi nudc khu vtw xung quanh nhfi may sfin, Ifim dfi't "sfl'ng lai".
+ Giiip dfl'ng bfio thay dfl'i nhfln thtrc trong cu^e sfl'ng va san xufl't: tap trung tham eanh cho efiy s^n, giam du eanh, du eu, dfl't rimg lfim ray, trong efiy sfin khong cb' eung cap luong thtrc thtic ph&i, che' bifl'n thuc an gia siic hofic xufl't kha'u tu phat, mfi phai ehuyen thanh cfly hang hda vdi lpi the canh tranh eao, tro'ng sfin de lam gifiu... Thtrc b e n canh tac sfin bfl'n vung va tang nang sufl't cfly sfln.
- Qud trinh triin khai tkifc ki$n
Tku nhdt, thtrc b$n lfl trinh cam ke't diu tu. Tirkhi tifl'p nhfln tien diu tu cua VCF, dtr an dfi cba thinh nhifl'u mfi'c, theo ttmg mfl'e cam kfl't, VCF dfi ngb^m thu vfi ehuyen tiln, eti thdlfi:
+ Mfl'e 1; 3 - 2010, xfly dung vfi trang bi xuong phfln vi sinh, 200 hO bdn phfln, gifii ngfin 23.569 USD
+ Mfl'e 2; 6 - 2011, 200 hO bdn phfln, giai ngfin 15.713 USD
+ Mfl'e 3:11 - 2011,1.100 hfl bdn phfln, giai ngfla 5.238 USD
+ Mfl'e 4:2 - 2012,600 hfl tfing thu nhflp va nang sufl't cfly sfin, giai ngfln 13.019 USD
+ Mfl'e 5:2 - 2012, xfly dtmg sfln phoi u, thflm 500 hfl bdn phfln, giai ngfln 52.920 USD
+ Mfl'e 6: 5 - 2012, xfly dirng kho thfinh phfl'm, thflm 1.200 nong hfl tfing thu nhflp tir sfin, giai ngfln 56.840 USD.
Thu hai, dfl'i vdi nhiing ngubi dfin tring sfln, nhfi may dfi hfi trp cflng nhfln vfi h5 tra ky thuflt trong tung vitng, ho trp de' gitip nflng dan ve vfl'n vfi phat trifl'n nguyfln hflu thflng qua nhimg hop dfi'ng thuong mai, nhfi may da ky hop dong mua sfin vdi nflng dfin dfl' giiip nflng dfln dam bao diu ra cd the'xem nhula each dfl' gitip nfing dfln tifl'p cfln thi trubng.
T/iii-6a, ve viflc xir ly nudc thai, nha may dfl dau to he thfl'ng xir ly nudc thai ky kW tir viec kinh doanh ehtmg chi giam phat thai thfing qua eo ehe'phat trien sach (CDM). He thfi'ng xir ly 2.200 m^ rae thai/ngay.
Khi biogas thu dupc tir hfl thfl'ng dfi dupc six dting lfim nguyen lieu dfl't lb vfi difln cho nhfi may.
Trong qua trinh trifl'n khai thuc bfln, bfln canh nhiing thufln lai nhu cd sir dong thufln cao giiia chinh quyln, ngirin dfln vfi cac to chin: tfii tra, cac cfing thtic phfln bdn phii hpp vdi thuc tien, nhung cting khfingit khd khfin dfit ra nhu san xufl't phfin vi sinh lfi mdi nfln khong chflc dem lai bflu qua, kha nflng thu hoi von thuang mai khong ro rang mac du tac ddng dfi'i vdi nflng dfln lfi rfl't tfl't. Mat khac, thay dm nhfln thtic cua ngubi dfln tir nhiing thdi quen, eadi lam cu la khd, dbi hoi phai cd thbi gian vfi str ki^m chiing bfing kfl't qua ctith^.
- Kit qud thuc ki^n du dn
2 Rio Plus Business: Casestudyfrom Viet Nam (bdi viStctw Hoi nghj Tliuung dfnh v l ph^t tri^n b i n vChig vdo thing 6 - 2012), 09-5-2012,
68
MI^N TRUNG VA TAY NGUYfiN TREN DUONG CONG NGHI$P HOA, HlfiN DAI HOA + Trudc hit, ddi vdi ngudi ddn: da tie'p e§n dupc vdi
phfln bon, din din thay doi tfip quan canh tac, nfing cao nfing Itic cho ban thfin. Y thuc san xufi't theo nhdm, theo kifl'n thue mdi... dupc nflng Ifln, 70% hp dfin dfi lfim an tflp t h i Hon 1.800 hfl vdi tong sfl' 9.000 ngubi dupc huong lpi tir dtr an chu yfl'u nhb tang thu nhflp tir tr^ng sfin (binh qufln tfing thflm 20 triflu dfi'ng/ha so vdi trude du an), n b l u hfl cd thu nhfip cao tham gia Cfiu lae bfl 100 (thu nhflp tren 100 triflu d6ng Viet Nam (5.000USD)), qua dd giup cho d6ng bfio tai dinh cuben vung va tao ra thu nhfip Iflu dai qua thflm eanh h^n chinh manh dfl't cu dupc cai tao mfiu mof, tao vifle lam eho hon 350 lao dpng cb'nh thtic vfi phi chinh thiie - "mpt ke't qua fin tupng^^.
+ Ddi vdi nkd mdy (doanh nghiip): vdi kinh phi thuc ben 11 ty dfi'ng, trong dd ADB: 3,5 ty (32%), Sepon (nha may): 7,5 ty (68%), dtr an khflng chi tao viing nguyfln heu fi'n dinh dam bao eho san xufl't fi'n dinh va lpi nhufln cho nhfi may, thu nhflp cho can bp, cflng nhfln vifln vfi cai thifln dang kfl' mfli trubng cho nhfi may ma cbn xfly dung dupe cbfl'n luoc san xuflt bin virng giiia nhfi may vdi ngubi nfing dan qua san pham phfln bdn phue vu nflng ngbflp sach.
Giai phap che' bifl'n rae thai thfinh phfln vi sinh dupc chpn lfim bao cao di^n hinh eho khfi'i ASEAN vfi dat giai 3 VIFOTEC (Hfli t b sang tao ky thuat toan quo'e) lln thu 11 (2010-2011).
+ Tdng thi xd kdi: dtr an ve eay san dfi tao Iflp duoe mpt mo hinh phat trifl'n bin vting, mang lai lpi ich eho n b l u nguai dfln, gdp phan da dua Hudng Hda tic mpt huyfln ngheo da dfi'n dan vuon len thoat ngheo va phat trifl'n mue song, giam ngheo trfln dia ban tinh Quang Tri; giam tfii da nan dfi't rimg lam rIy, giam thie'u fi nhiem mfli truong va chi phi xic ly mfii trubng. Hiflu qua kinh te eua dir an la kha rfl, nflng sufi't tang trfln 50% so vdi thai di^m bfit dau du an, binh qufln dat 22,7 ta'n/ha (dao dpng tir 19 den 33 tfi'n/ha), khu vue duac bdn phan tang 58% so vdi binh qufln chung. Phfln vi sinh cua nhfi may khfing chi cung ling ngufi'n phfln gia re cho 4.200 ha san mfi cbn cho 2.000 ha cfly cfing ngbflp khac trfln dia ban huyfln Hudng Hda. Dieu dd cho thfi'y, ed thfl' trifl'n khai san xufl't vfi eung cfl'p phfin bdn d^ phue hfl'i dfi't cua nbeu loai cfly tring khac nhu tieu, lac, cfi phfl, cao su... theo hudng efing nghfl eao trfln dia ban tinh cung nhu a eac dia phuong khac. Cd th^ ndi, dfly
chinh lfi "BU ddng gdp dang trfln trpng tir cay san"'*.
• Mdt sd kink nghidm
+ Mdt Id, dfi'i vdi eb'nh quyen dia phuong vfi doanh nghidp phfii lufln gan chfit muc tiflu kinh tfl'vdi muc tiflu xfi hfli (ASXH), dfle biet chu trpng phat tri^n kinh tfl' xanh, xda nghfeo bfl'n vimg, thfinh cflng cua dtr an ehinh lfi gifii quyfl't thfinh eong sir kfl't hpp mang tinh biic xuc nfiy.
+ Hai Id, eb'nh quyen dia phuong vfi doanh nghiep phfii dfi'ng hfinh vdi nflng dfln, vdi nguai ngheo, phfii tao ea hfli sinh kfl' eho hp, san xufl't khong ehi de' thoat ngheo mfi cbn lfim gifiu. Nfing dfln phai lfi nhiing ngubi chu dflng tifl'p nhfin, sang tao vfi dfl'i mdi, mufl'n vfly doanh nghiflp ciing phai chu dflng trong giao dtic tuyfln truyen nflng dan bo nhiing thdi quen tflp quan lae hflu, h5 trp hp nflng cao nhfln thue va trinh dp ky thuat san xua't.
+ Ba Id, giai quyet bai toan kinh tfl'vdi nflng dfln ph^i dfit trong t^ng th^ san pham, ran trong qua trinh thue ben, ed nhung khfiu doanh ngbep phai chap nhan thuc b e n gia re eho ngubi nflng dfln.
+ Bdn Id, thuc ben du an phfii cd cam kfl't va tuan thu lfl trinh vdi kfl't qua cu the, nhfl't lfi vdi du an cd diu tuben ngofii nham tao mem tin eho dfl'i tac, d^hp cam nhan da "tim dupc diing dia eb", dfl'ng thai dd eimg lfi ca so thuc tiln de eac nhfi tai trp tie'p tuc hfl tra cac nhfi may khac thuc bfln mfl b n h tren, trfln eo so dd morpng dfl'i tupng huong lpi.
+ Ndm Id, nhan ngufi'n tai tro trfln co so do'i ting nfln doanh ngbep lufln ein va phai dupe tao dieu kifln ve nguon vfl'n dfl'i ung, vi vay, rfii d n dfl'n sir manh dan vfi ung hp eua lfinh dao cae cap Hfln quan.
Thfinh eflng cua 'Dudn sdn xudt phdn bdn vi sinh gid ri cho cdy sdn" tai huyfln Hudng Hda eho thfi'y, mpt dur an cd tinh sang tao, mang tinh tbflt thure, ed tinh kha t b eao, se lufin nhan dupc strung hfl tir mpi phuong difln: chinh quyln cae efl'p, lfinh dao eflng ty, nguoi dan, eac nha tai tra... Tbe't ngb, nhimg mfl hinh diu tu hieu qua nhu dtr an trfln can dupc tifl'p tuc nhan rpng trfln dia bfin tinh Quang Tri eiing nhu trong ca nudc.
3. Ddnh gid cua Buddhika Samarasinghe - tnrdng nhom tu v^nDirdnM4P2taiH6inghi \Sngk4\"[)Udnf^bdnpt^
vi sinh gid re cho cdy sin tai huyen Hudng Hda. thh Quang Tri". 31 - 5 - 2012.
4. Rio Plus Business: Gsses/uoyfromV/ef Warn, 09-5-2012.
