ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺴﻓ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻔﻌﺟ شﻮﻧرد
1رﻮﭘﺮ ﯽﯾﺎﻄﻋ ﺎﺴﯾﺮﭘ ،*
2
1 و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﺎﺴﻓ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ،
ناﺮﯾا ،ﺎﺴﻓ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
2 ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ
ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ناﺮﯾا ،ﺎﺴﻓ ،ﺎﺴﻓ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 29 / 01 / 1398
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 13 / 06 / 1400
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ﻮﻟآ
،ﯽﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﮔد
،ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ
،يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.121.9
DOR:20.1001.1.20088787.1400.18.121.25.9
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
هدروآﺮﻓ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ شزرا ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ
داﺮـﻓا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ رد ﯽﮕﻧرﺮﭘ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾآ
دراد ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ .
ﻪـﮐ دﻮـﺷ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ رﺎﭼد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ نآ زا ﺲﭘ ﺎﯾ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ لﻼﺧ رد
ﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ داﺪﯾور ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ نآ يﺪﻨﺴﭘرازﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ندﺎﺘﻓا ﺮﻄ
دﻮﺷ . ﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ
چرﺎـﻗ ﺎـﻫ ار ﺖـﺳاراد . ﻖـﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦـﯾا زا فﺪـﻫ
ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺴـﻓ نﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
110 ﯽﻃﻮﻗ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ يﺎﻫ
زا ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟ رازﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد و زﺎﺑ رد ترﻮﺻ ود ﻪﺑ و يروآ
. ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺪـﺷر زا ﺲـﭘ
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺖﺨﯾر شور ود ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
. ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸـﯿﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧداد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﮏﭙﮐ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ زﺎﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ناﺰﯿﻣ Penicillium
نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و هدﻮﺑ Aspergillus
،
Paecilomyces و
Trichoderma ﺪـــﻧراد راﺮـــﻗ
. ﮏـــﭙﮐ ﺰـــﯿﻧ ﻪﺘﺴـــﺑ رد يﺎـــﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ رد
Byssochlamys spectabilis ﻪـﮐ داد صﺎﺼـﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﻦـﯾا ﯽـﻃ رد
ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ چرﺎﻗ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا ناﺮﯾا رد رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ .
ناﺮﯾا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir :ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯽ
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ هدروآﺮﻓ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا ﯽﻨﺒﻟ يﺎﻫ رﺎﻤﺷ
ﯽﻣ دور ﻪـﮐ رد
ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ ي يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ زا دراد ﯽـﮕﻧرﺮﭘ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رﺎﺸﻗا ]
3 - 1 .[
رد
لﺎﺳ ﯾا رد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ يﺮﯿﮕﻤﺸـﭼ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺮ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ
1390 ناﺮﯾا ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﯿﺑ
زا 250 ﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﯿﺳر ﻦﺗ راﺰ .
ﺎﻣا و ﺮـﯿﺧا ﻪـﻫد ود رد يور ﺎـﺑ
ﺶﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ يروﺎﻨﻓ نﺪﻣآ رﺎﮐ ﺮﯿـﺷ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد نآ دﺮﺑﺎﮐ و
، ﻧ هﻮـﺤ
ﺗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ د ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ناﺮﯾا رد نﻮـﻨﮐا ﻢﻫ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷا
ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ هﺪـﻤﻋ ﻟﻮﺗ
آﺮــﻓ ﺶﯾﻻﺎـﭘاﺮﻓ شور ﻪـﺑ رﻮﺸـﮐ رد يﺪـﯿ يرو
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ . ﺶﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ شور ﮏﯾ
ﺖـﻬﺟ ﺪـﻣآرﺎﮐ و مواﺪـﻣ شور
لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ و بآ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ و ﺮﯿﺷ ﻆﯿﻠﻐﺗ ﻞﯿﮑﺸـﺗ ﮏـﭼﻮﮐ يﺎﻫ
-
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﺷ هﺪﻨﻫد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﺒـﺳ شور ﻦـﯾا دﺮﺑرﺎـﮐ ﺎـﺑ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ
يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ددﺮﮔ
راﺮﻗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻦﯾا يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ و ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻫد ] 4 .[
نﺎﯿﻣ رد هدروآﺮﻓ ﺎـﻫ آﺮـﻓ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ ،يﺮﯿـﺷ ي ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺴـﯾا هدرو
دﺎﺴﻓ ﻪﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ دراد ﯽﭼرﺎـﻗ
] 5 [.
ﺪـﺷر ﮏـﭙﮐ ﺎـﻫ زا
ﻢﻬﻣ يرﺎﮔﺪـﻧﺎﻣ نﺎـﻣز ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ و
يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ . يدﺎﺼـﺘﻗا ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ زا
ﯽـﻣ ترﻮـﺻ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ يور ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﻪﮐ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر دﺮـﯿﮔ
زا ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ شﺮﯾﺬـﭘ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ و ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ يﺎـﻤﻧ و هﺰﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺐﺒﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ يﻮﺳ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ و ﺪـﺷر ،ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد زا ﺎﻣا ،
ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﯾاز ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽـﻣ
ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﺮـﻄﺧ
فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﺘﺧاﺪﻧا ددﺮﮔ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ
. ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ لﺎﺣ
ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ،ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ هدﺎـﻣ ﻦـﯾا هدﺮﺘﺴـﮔ فﺮﺼﻣ و هﻮﺒﻧا ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ داﺮـﻓا زا ﯽﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﺪﺸﮑﺑ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ار ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ]
8 - 6 [ . ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖـﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ -
ﯽـﮔﮋﯾو ﻪـﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ ﯽﭼرﺎـﻗ ﻪـﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ ﺶـﻬﺟ يﺎـﻫ
و ﯽـﯾاز
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نآ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﯾاز هﺪﯿﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا ] 6 و 9 [.
گﺎﻫ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ردﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﮔدﺎﺳ زا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ اﻮﻫ طﺎﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ و ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ داﻮـﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ دﻮـﺷ .
نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻟﺎﺳ ياﻮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد
ﺎﺸـﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ رد ﯽﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ
بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﯽﻣ
دﻮـﺷ ] 10 [.
زا
ﻢﻬﻣ دﺎﺴﻓ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﯽﯾاز
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ رد
ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺪـﺷر ﯽﯾﺎـﻧاﻮﺗ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ يدراﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮏـﭙﮐ
ﺎـﻫ يﺎـﻣد رد
ﺪﺷر ،لﺎﭽﺨﯾ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد رد ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ،نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
رد ﺪـﺷر و دازآ بﺮـﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿـﺳا ﯽـﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﺿ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ هرﺎﺷا ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ دﺮﮐ
] 11 .[
ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر ناﻮﺗ و ﺪﻨﮐ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ
يﺮﺘﮐﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ﺎـﻫ
،
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺎـﯾ و نورد ﺐﻠﻏا ﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ و ياﺮـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫاﺬـﻏ يور
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷر ،ﺪﻨﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] 15 - 12 [.
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ناﺮـﯾا دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻖـﺒﻃ ﺮـﺑ و ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ ﺪﯿﻔﺳ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻦﯾا pH 2/
5 ﯽـﻣ ـﺳر ﻦـﯾا رد ﻪـﮐ ﺪ ﺪـﺷر pH
يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ و ازدﺎﺴﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ از ﯽﻣ
ددﺮﮔ ﺎﻣا ﮏﭙﮐ -
ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺴـﮐﻮﺗ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ و ﺪـﺷر ﯽﺑﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻦﯾا رد ﺪﻧردﺎﻗ
ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ] 16 .[
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ رﻮﻠﻓ زا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ نداد نﺎﻣﺎﺳ رد
شور ﻦـﯾا رد ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ناﺰـﯿﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﯾ و يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﺮﻓ آ هدرو ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا ي ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷاد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
] 16 و 17 [ . زا ور ﻦـﯾا
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ رد يا
، ﻦـﯾا زا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ ﺖﻬﺟ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ .
ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ هداد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﻧا
ﻪـﮐ
ﺎــﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﮏــﭙﮐ ﺎــﻫ هدﻮــﻟآ ي ﺲﻨــﺟ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺮﺘﺸــﯿﺑ ﺮــﯿﻨﭘ هﺪــﻨﻨﮐ -
يﺎـــــﻫ Penicillium ،
Aspergillus ،
Cladosporium ،
Geotrichum ،
Mucor ، Trichoderma ﯽـﻣ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ] 18 و
19 [.
Bullerman دﻮـﺧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد
، ﮏـﭙﮐ Penicillium ار
لواﺪﺘﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ چرﺎﻗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
تﻻﻮﺼـﺤﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد و ﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
دﺮﮐ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ يﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﯽﻨﺒﻟ ]
20 [.
ﻪـﮐ ﯽـﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد Hocking
و
Feado ،ﺪﻧداد مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻟاﺮﺘﺳا راﺪﭼ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ يور ﺮﺑ 195
ﻧ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤ
ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﺷ اﺪــﺟ چرﺎــﻗ 44
% نآ Cladosporium
، 27 % نآ
Penicillium و
19 % دﻮـــﺑ ﺮـــﻤﺨﻣ نآ ]
21 .[
ﯽـــﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد
ﻪﮐ Hocking ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ يور
مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺎـﭘورا رد هﺪـﺷ يﺪـﻨﺑ
ار دﺎﺴﻓ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،داد Penicillium commune
شراﺰﮔ
دﺮﮐ ] 22 .[
ﺲﻨﺟ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد Penicillium
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺲﻨـﺟ ﻦﯾﺮـﺗ
بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺎﯿﻧد ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﻣ
ـﮔ ددﺮ ناﻮـﺗ ﻪـﮐ
ﻦﯿـﺳﻮﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺎـﻫ
ﻦﯿﺴـﮐﻮﺗاﺮﮐوا ،A
ﻦﯿﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﯽﻨﭘ و ﻦﯿﻨﯾﺮﺘﯿﺳ ، راد ار ﺪﯿﺳا ﮏﯿﻨﯿﻠﯿﺳ
د ] 23 .[
لﺎﺳ رد ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا زا يرﺎﯿﺴـﺑ رد ﻪﺘـﺷﺬﮔ يﺎـﻫ
يﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو رﻮﺸﮐ رد يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪـﻨﯾﻻآ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦـﯾا ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ هﺪـﺷ ﯽـﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ
ﺖﺳا
، يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ عﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻦـﯾا ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸـﻧ ﻪـﮐ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ تاﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﺑ ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺖﺳد رد ﺪﺷﺎ .
ﻦﯾا زا و يدﺎﺼـﺘﻗا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ور
ﯽﺸـﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽـﮑﭙﮐ ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ
، ـﻫ ﻦـﯾا زا فﺪ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ ﮏـﭙﮐ
ﺎـﻫ يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪـﻨﯾﻻآ ي
ﻣ ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ ﻮ
رد ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﻮﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ
ﺎﺴﻓ ﯽﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ .
نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا هﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ي زﺎـﺑ زا ﺲـﭘ ،ﺎﻫ
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا ﺰـﯿﻧ لﺎـﭽﺨﯾ رد ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
و ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ
ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ آ ي داﺪﻌﺗ ،هﺪﻨﯾﻻ 110
ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
هﺪـﺷ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ ﺪﯿﻔﺳ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ تﺎـﺠﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ
ﺖﮐرﺎﻣﺮﭘﻮــﺳ رد دﻮــﺟﻮﻣ يﺎــﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ و ﺎﺴــﻓ نﺎﺘــﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺎــﻫ
نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻤﺟ رازﺎﺑ زا ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ، و يروآ
ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﻪـﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺎﮕﺸـﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪـﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ . ﺮﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦـﯾا هزور ﺖﺼﺷ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺮﻤﻋ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا ﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺗ
) تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 53 زور ( لﺎـﭽﺨﯾ رد يﺎـﻣد ﺎـﺑ
8 سﻮﯿﺴـﻠﺳ ﻪـﺟرد
ﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ت
نآ يور ﺮﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ .
ﻢﻫ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ لواﺪﺘﻣ ي
هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ اﺮﻓ
زا يداﺪﻌﺗ هدﻮﻟﺎﭘ ﯽﻃﻮﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ي ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﯿﻧ
ترﻮﺻ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ لﺎﭽﺨﯾ رد زﺎﺑ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
و ﺪـﺷ هداد راﺮـﻗ
ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ رﻮﻬﻇ ﺎﺗ ﯽﻤﺸﭼ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ
يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نﻮﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ و ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
2 - 2 - يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ ازدﺎﺴﻓ ي
ﻪﺘﺴﺑرد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﭻﯿﻫ ﻪﮐ يا
ﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر زا يا نآ يور ﺮ
ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ فﺬـﺣ ﺎﻣ نﻮﻣزآ هﺮﯿﺠﻧز زا ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ي رد -
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يا نآ يور ﺮـﺑ ،نﺎﺸـﺑرد ندﺮﮐزﺎـﺑ مﺎـﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎـﻫ
ﮏـﭙﮐ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﺎـﭽﺨﯾ رد زﺎـﺑرد ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺪﺷ
نآ يور ﺮﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ،ﺪـﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﺑ
ﯿﺳر ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ آ درﻮﻣ و هﺪ
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نﻮﻣز .
ﻪـﺑ
ﮏﭙﮐ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻧزﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ كﻮﻠﺑ ﮏﯾ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ نوﺮﺘﺳ
) ﻊــﺑﺮﻣ (1cm×1cm زا
ﮏــﭙﮐ ﻂﯿــﺤﻣ يور ﺮــﺑ و ﻪﺘــﺷادﺮﺑ
ﺖﺸـﮐ Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) )
نﺎـﻤﻟآ ،كﺮـﻣ (
ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ .
ﺶﯾد يﺮﺘﭘ يﺎﻣد رد ﺎﻫ
25°C مﺮﮔ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧ يراﺬـﮔ
ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﺷر ﯽﻓﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ .
2 - 3 - ﺺﻟﺎﺧ يزﺎﺳ ﮏﭙﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ يزﺎﺳ
ﮏـﭙﮐ ﺎـﻫ هﻮﯿـﺷ ﻪـﺑ Mundkur
شور زا
ﻪﺴـﯾر ﯽﯾﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﺖﺸﮐ ا
ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳ .
چرﺎـﻗ اﺪـﺘﺑا رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪـﺑ
ﻂﯿـﺤﻣ يور ﺮـﺑ و ﻪﺘـﺷادﺮﺑ نوﺮﺘـﺳ نزﻮـﺳ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ Water Agar (WA) ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ
. ﺶـﯾد يﺮﺘﭘ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎـﻫ
رد مﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻣد رد 30
- 25 ﻪﺟرد سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ي
دﻮﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا مزﻻ ﺪﺷر ﺎﺗ .
دوﺪـﺣ زا ﺲﭘ چرﺎﻗ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ 2
ﺎـﺗ
3 ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﺘﻧا زا كﻮﻠﺑ ﮏﯾ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا نزﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ رﻻﻮﮐﻮﻨﯿﺑ ﺮﯾز رد زور
ﻪﺴﯾر ﮏﭙﮐ ﻂﯿـﺤﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻠﻌـﺷ رﺎﻨﮐ رد و ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﺪـﯾﺪﺟ PDA
ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا . ادﺪﺠﻣ ﺶﯾد يﺮﺘﭘ مﺮـﮔ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﻧﺎﺧ ﺎـﺗ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ يراﺬـﮔ
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﺷر ﺎﻫ ]
24 [.
2 - 4 - ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮏـﭙﮐ
ﺎـﻫ شور ود زا هﺪـﺷ يزﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ ي
ﺖﺨﯾر ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏـﭙﮐ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬـﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮐﺎﻣ شور ود ﻪﺑ .
رد
ﮏﭙﮐ ،ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮐﺎﻣ شور ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ شور رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
يزﺎﺳ
ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﺮﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺮـﻈﻧ زا ،ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ هدﺮﮐ ﺪﺷرPDA
ﻧر ﯽﻨﻠﮐ ﺖﺸﭘ و ﺢﻄـﺳ ﮓـ ﯽـﻨﻠﮐ ﺢﻄـﺳ هﺮـﻈﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺮـﻈﻧ زا ﺎـﻫ
،ﺰﮐﺮﻤﻟاﺪـﺤﺘﻣ ﺮﯾاود ﺎﯾ و ﯽﻋﺎﻌﺷ طﻮﻄﺧ ،ﻦﮑﺷ و ﻦﯿـﭼ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻦﯿــﭼ ﺎــﯾ فﺎـﺻ ﻦﯿـــﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﻧﻮــﻠﮐ ﺢﻄـــﺳ ندﻮـــﺑ راد
ﯽﻧﻮـﻠﮐ ﺢﻄـــﺳ ﺖــﻟﺎﺣ ،يزﺮــﭘ ﺖــﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﺘــﺷاد ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﺒﻨﭘ ،يردﻮـﭘ و ﯽــﻠﻤﺨﻣ ،يا
...
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ
] 5 [ . ﮏــﭙﮐ ﯽﭘﻮﮑــــﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮــﻈﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ شور زا ﺎــﻫ
ﺮﭽﻟﺎــﮐ ﺪﯾﻼــﺳا ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
] 25 .[
زا ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ چرﺎـﻗ
درﻮﻣ ﺪـﺷ ﻪـﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﯾﻼـﺳا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻈﻧ و
ﺎـﺑ پﻮﮑـﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮـﯾز رد
ﮓﻧر و ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ماﺪﻧا يﺰﯿﻣآ
ﺎـﺑ و ﯽﺸـﯾاز يﺎـﻫ
چرﺎــﻗ ﯽﯾﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪــﯿﻠﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺲﻨــﺟ ،ﺺﻗﺎــﻧ يﺎــﻫ
ﮏــﭙﮐ
اد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺪﺷ هد
] 26 [.
ﯽﻟﻮــﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏــﭙﮐ
ﺎــﻫ و هداز ﯽﻓﻮﺘﺴــﻣ شور ﻖــﺒﻃ
ﺶﻧارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا
] 27 [.
جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ DNA
ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ هدﺎـﻣآ ﺎـﻫ
هرﺎﺼـﻋ و هﺪـﺷ يزﺎـﺳ
نآ زا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﯾ دﻮﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺎﻫ
. زا ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎـﻫ ي ﺺﻟﺎـﺧ و يزﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ
هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳ ﮏﺳﻼﻓ ﻪﺑ و اﺪﺟ كﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﺳ
يﺎـﻫ 250 ـﻠﯿﻣ ﯽ يﺮـﺘﯿﻟ
يوﺎﺣ 50 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ هﺪﺷ نوﺮﺘﺳ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﺐﯿـﺳ ي
ﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﯽـﻨﯿﻣز
ﺪﺷ . ﮏﺳﻼﻓ يﺎـﻣد رد زور هد تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫ 25°C
يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﮏﺘﺸـﺗ رد ﮏـﺳﻼﻓ ﺮـﻫ تﺎﯾﻮﺘﺤﻣ زور هد زا ﺲﭘ يﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ و ﯽﻟﺎﺧ نوﺮﺘﺳ يﺮﺘﭘ نوﺮﺘـﺳ ﺮـﻄﻘﻣ بآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺷ .
مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ نزﻮـﺳ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻫ يﺎـﻫ
زا نوﺮﺘـﺳ
پﻮﯿﺗوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻞﺧاد ،هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ رادرﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ يﺎﻫ
5/
1 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺦـﯾ زا ﺲـﭘ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ يﺮﺘﯿﻟ تزا ﮏـﻤﮐ ﻪـﺑ ندز
پﻮﯿﺗوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ،ﻊﯾﺎﻣ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
24 ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﮏﺸـﺧ ﺎﻣﺮـﺳ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
] 27 [.
ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﯾ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻣﺮـﺳ مﻮﯿﻠﺴـﯿﻣ زا مﺮـﮔ
هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ،ﻪـﯾاﺪﺟ ﺮـﻫ ي
180 ﺮـﺘﯿﻟوﺮﮑﯿﻣ زا
جاﺮﺨﺘـﺳا ﺮﻓﺎـﺑ
يﻮــﺘﺤﻣ 500 ﺮﻓﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺘﯿﻟوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ) CTAB
5/
2 % ،CTAB 2
%
mercaptoethanol ،2-
20EDTA ﯽــﻠﯿﻣ
رﻻﻮــﻣ ، NaCl
4/
1 و رﻻﻮﻣ Tris-HCl 10
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ رﻻﻮﻣ 8
= (pH يوﺎـﺣ 2/
0
ﺪــﺻرد proteinase K )
،زﺎــﺘﻨﻣﺮﻓ ﯽﻧاﻮــﺘﯿﻟ ( ﺪــﺷ هدوﺰــﻓا .
مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﻪﻧاد ﺪﻨﭼ و رﺰﯾﺎﻧژﻮﻤﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ نوﺮﺘـﺳ ي
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﯾﺎﺳ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ .
ﮏـﯾ تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ هرﺎﺼﻋ
رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 65°C
ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ .
رد ﻪـﻘﯿﻗد هد تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺲﭙـﺳ
رد و ژﻮــــــــــــﯿﻓوﺮﮑﯿﻣ 13000
ﺮﺘﻧﺎــــــــــــﺳ رود ﯾ
ژﻮﯿﻔ
) Centric250IVD ،
DOMEL نﺎــﻤﻟآ ،
( ﻊﯾﺎــﻣ و ﺪــﯾدﺮﮔ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷادﺮﺑ ﯽﯾور .
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا زا DNA
100 هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺮﺘﯿﻟوﺮﮑﯿﻣ -
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﯾ ي ﺖﯿﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ه
DNA™-PLUS
)
،نژﺎﻨﯿﺳ ناﺮﯾا ( ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ]
27 .[
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻫ
شور زا هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ يﺎ ﺎـﺑ وPCR
ﺮﻠﮑﯿــﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا )
Peltier thermocycler ،
نﺎﺘﺴــﻠﮕﻧا ( مﺎــﺠﻧا ﺪــﺷ . زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ شور ﻦــﯾا رد ﺶﻨــﮐاو
هﺮﯿﺠﻧز زاﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ يا ﭘ ﺖـﻔﺟ ﮏـﯾ ندﺮﺑ رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ و
ﺮـﻤﯾاﺮ ITS1
و
ITS4
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﯽﻧژ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ زا يا .
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ITS
نژ 8/S 5 زا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺑrDNA
600 bp ﯽﻣ ود ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ و ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺮﻤﯾاﺮﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ . لوﺪﺟ رد 1
تﺎﺼـﺨﺸﻣ
ﺮـﯿﺜﮑﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓر رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ يﺎﻫﺮﻤﯾاﺮﭘ ﺶﻨـﮐاو رد DNA
هﺮــﯿﺠﻧز زاﺮــﻤﯿﻠﭘ يا ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﺷ هدروآ
. ﺶﻨـــﮐاو ﺎـــﺑPCR
ﺖﻔﺟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺮﻤﯾاﺮﭘ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﯽـﺗراﺮﺣ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ
ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏـﯾ 120
ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ يا رد يﺎﻣد 95°C ﺲﭙﺳ و 30 ﻪـﺧﺮﭼ
ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻟاﻮﺘﻣ :
95°C ياﺮﺑ 20
،ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ 55°C ياﺮﺑ
25 و ﻪـﯿﻧﺎﺛ 72 °C
ياﺮـﺑ 50 شﺮﺘﺴـﮔ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏـﯾ و ﻪــﯿﻧﺎﺛ
يﺎـﻣد رد ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﻧ 72°C
ياﺮـﺑ 10 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻪـﻘﯿﻗد .
مﺎﻤﺗا زا ﺲﭘ ﺺﻟﺎـﺧ هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،PCR
يزﺎـﺳ
ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ ﯽﻧاﻮﺧ
. ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﺑﺎﯾ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا DNATAR
ﺲﭙـﺳ و هﺪـﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ
ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽـﻧژ ﮏـﻧﺎﺑ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ درﻮـﻣ و ﻪﺴـﯾﺎﻘﻣ NCBI
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا .
Table 1 Specifications of general primers used for DNA
1. Internal transcribed spacers 1, 2 and 5.8S gene of rDNA .
3 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
3 - 1 - ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺎﻫ
ﮏﭙﮐ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
ﺲﻨـﺟ ﻪـﺑ يﺎـﻫ
Aspergillus spp.
، Penicillium spp.
،
spp.
Byssochlamys ،
spp.
Cladosporium و
spp.
Trichoderma ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ
. ﯽﯾﺎـــﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺪــﯿﻠﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙﺳآ ]
28 [ ﯽﻨﭘ ، مﻮﯿﻠﯿﺳ ] 29 [ مﻮﯾرﻮﭙﺳودﻼﮐ ،
] 30 [ ﺎــﻣردﻮﮑﯾﺮﺗ ، ]
31 [ ﺲﺴــﯾﺎﻣﻮﻠﯿﺴﭘ ، ]
32 [ ﺲﯿﻣﻼﮐﻮﺴــﯿﺑ و
] 33 [ نآ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد 1 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
Fig 1 Macroscopic images of moulds isolated from
UF cheeses on PDA medium. 1: Penicillium commune, 2: Penicillium Chrysogenum, 3:
Aspergillus niger, 4: Aspergillus oryza, 5: Sexual form of Aspergillus (Emericella nidulans), 6:
Cladosporium cladosporioes, 7. Trichoderma harizanum, 8: Paecilomyces variotii 9:
Byssochlamys spectabilis
Primer Position Primer sequence Primer designer
Target DNA
Primer melting point (°C)
GC percent
Duplicate piece size
ITS11 Forward 5' TCC GTA
GGT
White et al,
1990 55.7 47.6
ITS4 Reverse TGA TAT GC 3' White et al, 1990
ITS
55.3 45
600- 650 bp
3 - 2 - ﺷ ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻟﻮــﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ و ﯽـﻠﯿﻤﮑﺗ ﺺﯿﺨـﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺖــﺨﯾر ﮏــﭙﮐ ﯽــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﯾﺎــﻣزآ هﺪــﺷ ﻪــﻟوﺰﯾا يﺎــﻫ
ﺎــﺑ PCR
يﺎﻫﺮﻤﯾاﺮﭘ ITS1
و ITS4
ﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ نژ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا يا
ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺪـﺷ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
) ﻞﮑـﺷ 2 ( ﻦﯿـﯿﻌﺗ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ.
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ يﺎﻫDNA
ژ ﮏﻧﺎﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽـﻧ
(Gene Bank) زا
ﺖﯾﺎﺳ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ online
) (NCBI مﺮـﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ راﺰـﻓا
BLAST
ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ هداد ﻖﯿﺒﻄﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﺖـﺨﯾر يﺎـﻫ -
ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ 100 ﺖـﺷاد ﺖـﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺪـﺻرد .
لوﺪـﺟ رد 2
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ
ﮏﭙﮐ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺸﯾﻻﺎﭘاﺮﻓ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ
هدروآ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
Fig 2 Electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of mould samples after purification
Table 2 Types of moulds isolated from contaminated UF cheeses
Moulds name Aspergillus oryza Aspergillus niger
Emericella nidulans (Sexual form of Aspergillus) Trichoderma harizanum
Paecilomyces variotii Byssochlamys spectabilis
Penicillium commune Penicillium crustosum Penicillium chrysogenum Cladosporium cladosporioides
3 - 3 - ﮏﭙﮐ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ
زا 90 ،ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 19
نآ زا دﺪﻋ ﺎـﻫ
) 1/
21
% ( ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻪــﺑ
ﮏــﭙﮐ ،ﺪــﻧداد نﺎﺸــﻧ ار زا ﻪــﮐ
19 ﮏــﭙﮐ ،هدﻮــﻟآ ﺮــﯿﻨﭘ
Byssochlamys spectabilis ناﺰــﯿﻣ ﺎــﺑ
7/
52 % ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸــﯿﺑ
داد صﺎﺼـﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ .
نآ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ Aspergillus
oryza ناﺰـــــــﯿﻣ ﻪـــــــﺑ 21
%
، Cladosporium
cladosporioides ناﺰــﯿﻣ ﻪــﺑ
78 / 15 % و Aspergillus
niger ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ 52 / 10 % ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ . زا ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧداد نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
20 ،ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪـﺷ يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ زﺎـﺑ رد ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ يﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
نآ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦـﯾا رد ﻪـﮐ يﻮـﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ﺎﻫ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎـﻫ
چرﺎﻗ Penicillium ﺎﺑ
45 % ﺘﺸﯿﺑ ،ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮ
ﺖـــﺳا هدﻮـــﺑ .
چرﺎـــﻗ Aspergillus ﺎـــﺑ
30 % ،ﯽـــﻧاواﺮﻓ
Paecilomyces ﺎﺑ
15 % و Trichoderma ﺎﺑ
10 % ﯽـﻧاواﺮﻓ
ﻒﯾدر رد ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ .
ﻞــﮐ زا عﻮــﻤﺠﻣ رد ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎــﻫ هدﻮــﻟآ ﺮــﯿﻨﭘ ي
، 10 ﮏــﭙﮐ عﻮــﻧ
عاﻮﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﮏﭙﮐ
ﺎﻫ لوﺪـﺟ رد هﺪـﺷ يزﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ ي
) 2 ( هدروآ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا .
ﮏﭙﮐ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻌﯿﺳو رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺟ نآ زا و ﺪﻧا
نآ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﯽـﻣ ﯽـﺘﺣار ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ
رد ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ دﺎﺴﻓ ضﺮﻌﻣ .
چرﺎﻗ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ
رد ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ ﯽـﺑآ ﺖـﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد و نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻢﮐ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ،لﺎﭽﺨﯾ يﺎﻣد ﻟ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ندﻮﺑ اراد ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﺷر ﻪـﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﮑﯿﺘﯿﻟﻮﭙﯿ
هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ دﺎﺴـﻓ رد ،دازآ بﺮـﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿـﺳا و ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ار يﺮﺛﻮﻣ .
،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد 110
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ يروآ
90 ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
و ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد ترﻮﺻ 20
و يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ زﺎـﺑ رد ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
نآ يور زا ﮏــﭙﮐ يزﺎــﺳاﺪﺟ ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬــﭘ مﺎــﺠﻧا ﺎــﻫ
. ﮏــﭙﮐ يﺎــﻫ
زﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ ﺖــﺨﯾر و ﯽﻟﻮـﮑﻟﻮﻣ ترﻮــﺻ ود ﻪـﺑ هﺪــﺷ ي ﯽــﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻤﯾاﺮﭘ زا ﺎـﺑ ﯽـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﻠﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
زا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد 20
،زﺎـﺑ رد ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
نآ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦـﯾا رد ﻪـﮐ يﻮـﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ ﮏﭙﮐ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ﺎـﻫ
ﮏﭙﮐ Penicillium ﺎﺑ
45 % ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸـﯿﺑ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ
دﻮﺑ . زا 90 ،ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ رد ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ هﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 19
زا دﺪــﻋ نآ ﮏــﭙﮐ ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﻧداد نﺎﺸــﻧ ار ﮏــﭙﮐ ﻪــﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮــﻟآ ﺎــﻫ
Byssochlamys )
6/
52 % ﯽـــﻧاواﺮﻓ ( ار ﯽﮔدﻮـــﻟآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸـــﯿﺑ
داد ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ .
زا 10 ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﮐ يا 4
نآ زا دﺪﻋ ﺎـﻫ
) Aspergillus oryza ،
Aspergillus niger ،
Cladosporium cladosporioides و
Byssochlamys spectabilis (
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
و 8 نآ زا دﺪـﻋ ﺎـﻫ
) Aspergillus oryza ،
Aspergillus
niger ، Emericella nidulans ،
Trichoderma
harizanum ،
Paecilomyces variotii ،
Penicillium
commune ،
Penicillium crustosum و
Penicillium
chrysogenum (
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ زﺎﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد
ﻪﮐ Ledenbach و
Marshall لﺎﺳ رد
2010 و Hocking
و Faedo لﺎـﺳ رد 1992
ﮏـﭙﮐ يور ﺮـﺑ هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ هدﻮـﻟآ يﺎـﻫ
ﻧا ﯽــﻨﺒﻟ تﻻﻮﺼـﺤﻣ ﺪــﻧداد مﺎــﺠ
، ﺲﻨــــﺟ يﺎــــﻫ ﯽــﻨﭘ مﻮﯿﻠﯿــﺳ
مﻮﯾرﻮﭙﺳودﻼﮐو ﺲﻨﺟ زا ار
ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﻊﯾﺎـﺷ يﺎﻫ .
نآ ﺎــﻫ
نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻪـﺑ چرﺎـﻗ ﯽـﺳﺮﺘﺳد )
ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﯽﻫداﻮﻫ (
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ رد
ﺪــﻧدﺮﮐ نﺎــﯿﺑ ﮏـــﭙﮐ ﺪـــﺷر ﻞـــﻣاﻮﻋ زا ار ﻦﯿﯾﺎـــﭘ ﻪﺘﯾﺪﯿــﺳا و
] 34 و 21 .[
Sengun ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نارﺎـــﮑﻤﻫ و
ﯽــــــﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـــﺑ يا
ﺎﻣ ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾ ﮏـﭙﮐ و ﺎـﻫ
و ﺪـﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺮــﯿﻨﭘ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ يﺎـﻫ
چرﺎـــــــﻗ ﯽــــﻨﭘ يﺎـــــــﻫ
مﻮﯿﻠﯿـــــــﺳ سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙـــــــﺳآ ،
،
مﻮﯾرﻮﭙـــﺳودﻼﮐ مﻮـــﮑﯾﺮﺗﻮﺋژ ،
رﻮـــﮐﻮﻣ ، و ﺎـــﻣردﻮﮑﯾﺮﺗ ار
ﮏﭙﮐ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽـــﻨﭘ
مﻮﯿﻠﯿـــﺳ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ار
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ .
نآ ،دﻮـــﺧ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﺎـــﻫ ﯽﮔدﻮـــﻟآ
و ﻢﯿﻘﺘــﺴـﻣ ﻪﺘـــﺳد ود ﻪـــﺑ ار ﯽـــﻨﺒﻟ تﻻﻮــﺼـﺤﻣ ﯽﮑﭙﮐ ﺮــﯿﻏ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﻢﯿﻘﺘــﺴﻣ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ
. رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴـﻣ ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﯽﻗﺎـﻔﺗا و ﯽﻓدﺎــﺼﺗ زا ﯽــﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﮔدﻮــﻟآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﯾآ
عﻮـﻧ رد و ﻪـﺿﺮﻋ و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺖــﯾﺎﻋر مﺪــﻋ ﻋ ﻖـﯾﺮﻃ زا ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻢﯿﻘﺘـﺴـﻣ ﺮـﯿﻏ ﺎـﯾ هدز ﮏـﭙﮐ ﯽـﻣاد ﻪـﻓﻮﻠ
ﻪــﺑ ﺮﯿــﺷ ﻖــﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺲﭙـﺳ و ناﻮﯿﺣ ﻪﺑ چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙـﺳا يوﺎـﺣ هدروآﺮـﻓ ﯽﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﯽﻣاد يﺎـﻫ دﻮﺷ
. نآ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﺎــﻫ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ
ﻪــﮐ
ﺪــــــــﯿﻟﻮﺗ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮــــــــﻠﺟ ياﺮــــــــﺑ هار ﻦﯾﺮــــــﺘﻬﺑ ﻦﯿـــﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ چرﺎــﻗ ﺪـﺷر زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮـﻠﺟ ﺮــــﯿﻨﭘ رد ﺎـــﻫ
ﺖـﺳا ] 35 .[
ﻖــﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﯽــﻃ رد ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ
ﮐ ، ﮏــﭙ A.niger ، 15 % ﮏــﭙﮐ رد ﺎــﻫ
و زﺎــﺑ رد يﺎــﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ 52
/ 10 % ﮏــﭙﮐ ار ﻪﺘﺴــﺑرد يﺎــﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ رد ﺎــﻫ
ﯽــﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸــﺗ دا
د سﻮﻠﯾژﺮﭙــﺳآ . ﻢــﺳ ﺪــﻟﻮﻣ ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ يدراﻮــﻣ رد
ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗاﺮﮐا نﺎﺴـﻧا رد يﻮـﯿﻠﮐ تﺎﻣﺪﺻ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
دﻮــﺷ ] 36 .[
Kalhotka ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نارﺎــﮑﻤﻫ و
يور ﺮـــﺑ يا
چرﺎــﻗ ،ﺮــﯿﻨﭘ و ﺮﯿـﺷ ﭙــﺳآ
سﻮﻠﯾژﺮ و ﺪــﻧدﺮﮐ يزﺎـﺳاﺪﺟ ار
ﯽـﻨﺒﻟ تﻻﻮـﺼـﺤﻣ رد دﺎـﺴـﻓ ﯽﻠـﺻا ﺖــﻠﻋ ار ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ ﻪﺘﯾﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﻤﺨﻣ و ﮏﭙﮐ ﺪﺷر ياﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 37 .[
ﮏﭙﮐ Cladosporium cladosporioides
، 78 / 15 % چرﺎﻗ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺰـﯿﻧ چرﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ داد
ﻣ ﯽ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ار نﺎﺴـﻧا رد يﺰـﻐﻣ ﻪﺴـﺑآ و ﯽﻤﺸـﭼ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ .
لﺎﺳ رد 1992 Feado و Hocking ﮏـﭙﮐ
Cladosporium ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﺟ راﺪﭼ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا ار
] 21 .[
ﮏﭙﮐ Penicillium ﻪﺑ ار زﺎﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﮐ داد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ چرﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
: P.
commune ﺎـــﺑ
15
% ، P. crustosum ﺎـــﺑ
10 % و P.
chrysogenum ﺎــﺑ
20 % ﺶــﻘﻧ ﺎــﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮــﻟآ رد ﯽــﻧاواﺮﻓ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . لﺎﺳ رد 1992 Feado و Hocking زا ار چرﺎـﻗ ﻦـﯾا
ﺪـﻧدﻮﻤﻧ اﺪـﺟ راﺪـﭼ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ]
21 .[
لﺎـﺳ رد 2001 ، Basilico و
يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺮـﺜﮐا ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﺶﻧارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻧﻮﮔ ،نﺪﯿﺳر ﯽﻃ رد ﺖﺨﺳ ﻪ
چرﺎﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ Penicillium
ﯽﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا چرﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ داﻮﻣ ،اﻮﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
يﺪـﻨﺑ
ﯽﻣ مﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ و دﻮـﺷ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ يﺎﻀـﻓ دراو ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
] 38 .[
عاﻮـﻧا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ Penicillium ﯽـﻣ ﻦﯿﺴـﮐﻮﺗ ﺪﻟﻮﻣ
ﻪـﺑ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
فﺮﺼــﻣ ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﻦﺘﺧاﺪــﻧا هﺮﻃﺎــﺨﻣ ياﺮــﺑ و ﺪﻧﻮــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﮐ
ـﻟآ ﻦﯾا زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﺑ يروﺮـﺿ يﺪـﺟ تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا ،ﯽﮔدﻮ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺳر ] 21 .[
ﮏـــﭙﮐ Trichoderma harizanum 10
% ﮏـــﭙﮐ يﺎـــﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار زﺎﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ زا هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ﺪﻫد
. چرﺎـﻗ ﻦﯾا
ﯽﻣ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ دراو و ﻪﺘﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ار شراﻮﮔ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ار ﯽﺗﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﯽﺴﻔﻨﺗ يرﺎﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ نآ رﻮﭙﺳا نﺪﺷ ]
36 .[
ﮏﭙﮐ Paecilomyces 15
% چرﺎﻗ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار زﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﯽـﻨﻤﯾا ﺺـﻘﻧ ﺎـﺑ نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ وﺪـﻧا يرﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻞـﺜﻣ دﻮـﺷ هﺪﻨﺸـﮐ ﯽﭼرﺎـﻗ يﺎـﻫ
نﺎﺴﻧا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﯾدرﺎﮐ دراﻮـﻣ ﯽﻀـﻌﺑ رد ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﺺﻘﻧ نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ ] 36 .[
ﮏﭙﮐ Byssochlamys ار ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ رد يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻖـﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻃ رد ناﺮﯾا رد رﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
ﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ .
رﺎﯿﺴـﺑ تراﺮـﺣ ﻪـﺑ چرﺎـﻗ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا
ﯽـﺘﺣار ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو مﺎﺧ ﺮﯿﺷ رد ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ ﻢـﺳ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ داﻮـﻣ رد و ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ار نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ يﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﻟﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 23 .[
ﯽـﻣ ﯽﭼرﺎــﻗ ﯽﮔدﻮــﻟآ ﻦﯾا زا ﻢـﻫ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻂﯿــﺤﻣ ﻖـﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴـﻣ ﺮـﯿﻏ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ و هدﻮﻟآ ﺮﯿﺷ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ
رد لﻮﺼـﺤﻣ ﻪـﺑ هدﻮـﻟآ ناﺮﮔرﺎـــﮐ سﺎـــﺒﻟ و ﻞﯾﺎــﺳو ،هدﻮﻟآ ندﻮـﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و هﺪﺷ دراو ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ لﻮﺼـﺤﻣ رد ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﺴـﻧاﻮﺗ نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﯽﻗ .
Table 3 Contamination percentage of fungal species isolated from UF cheeses
Percentage of contamination in UF cheeses Types of isolated moulds Number (%) of
isolates in packaged cheeses
Number (%) of isolates in opened
package cheeses
P. commune - 3 (15 %)
P. crustosum - 2 (10 %)
Penicillium sp.
P. chrysogenum - 4 (20 %)
A. niger 2 (10.52 %) 3 (15 %)
A. oryza 4 (21 %) 2 (10 %)
Aspergillus sp.
Emericella nidulans - 1 (5 %)
Cladosporium cladosporioides 3 (15.78 %) -
Trichoderma harizanum - 2 (10 %)
Paecilomyces variotii - 3 (15 %)
Byssochlamys spectabilis 10 (52.6 %) -
4 - يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ دﺮـﮐ جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ناﻮﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
. ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
لﺎﻤﻋا و يدورو ﺮﯿﺷ نﺪﺷ هﺰﯾرﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿـﺷ يور ﺮﺑ تراﺮﺣ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ مﺎﺧ ﻦﯿـﺑ زا نآ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﭙـﺳا مﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺳر
ﯽﻣ چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا ﺎﻣا دور Byssochlamys
يﺎﻣد ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ
نﻮﯿﺳاﺰﯾرﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﻣ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ار
و ﺪـﺷر ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﻧ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
رد يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻢﺳ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ا ،چرﺎﻗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ددﺮـﮔ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖـﻗد ﻪﺑ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾ
. ﺎـﻣا
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦـﯾا زا ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ دراﻮﻣ ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻧدوﺰﻓا داﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﺘﻧآ ،مﻮﻓ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﮏﯿﺘﺳا
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا فﺮﻇ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ مﺪﻋ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ بآ ،ﺮـﯿﻨﭘ ﻪـﯾﺎﻣ ،دﻮﺷ
ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ و دﺮـﮐ هرﺎـﺷا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ فوﺮﻇ .
ﻢـﻫ اﻮـﻫ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ ي
ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪـﯾآ بﺎﺴـﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ .
ندﺮـﮐ ﻞﯾﺮﺘـﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ زا ﺪﯾﺎﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ندﺮﮐ رﺎﮐ ﺖﺳرد زا رﺎﺒﮑﯾ ﺖﻗو ﺪﻨﭼ زا ﺮﻫ و دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا اﻮﻫ نآ دﻮﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺎﻫ .
و ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﯽــﻣاد ﻪــﻓﻮﻠﻋ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
ﯽﭼرﺎـــﻗ ﯽﮔدﻮـــﻟآ نوﺪــﺑ )
ـــﺒﻧا ﺮـــﺛا رد ﻪـــﮐ ﻪــﯾﻮﻬﺗ و يرادرﺎ
ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ دﻮﺷ
( ﻞﮑـﺷ ﻪـﺑ ماد ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺸــﯾر ﺮــﺸــﻧ و ذﻮـــﻔﻧ ،دورو زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮــﻠﺟ رد ﯽــﺳﺎﺳا و يا ماﺪــــﻧا ﻪـــﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮـــﻟآ
و ناﻮــــﯿﺣ يﺎــــﻫ نآ ﺐــــﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣ
ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ
ﺮﯿــﺷ رد هﺪـﺷ ﺪـﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﯽــــﻣ دﻮــــﺒﻬﺑ رد ﺪــــﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺮﯿــــﺷ ﺖــــﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰــــﻓا و
ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷاد ﯽﯾاﺰــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﺶــﻘﻧ ﯽــﻨﺒﻟ تﻻﻮــﺼﺤﻣ .
ﻢﻫ -
رد ﻦﯿﻨﭼ زا ﻪـﮐ دﻮـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا مزﻻ ﺖـﻗد ﺪـﯾﺎﺑ ماد ياﺬﻏ ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺗ
زا ﺎـﺗ هﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ نوﺪﺑ و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﯽﻣاد ﻪﻓﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﯿﺴﮐﻮﺗﻮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺮﺸﻧ نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و ناﻮﯿﺣ نﺪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دورو -
د ﯽﭼرﺎــﻗ يﺎــﻫ ﺪــﯾآ ﻞــﻤﻋ ﻪــﺑ يﺮﯿﮔﻮــﻠﺟ ﺮﯿــﺷ ر
. زا ﯽــﮑﯾ
هدﺎـﯿﭘ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﮑﻫار ﻢﺘﺴـﯿﺳ يزﺎـﺳ
HACCP يرﺎـﺒﺟا و
زا ﻪـﮐ هدﻮـﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬـﻏ داﻮﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ تﺎﺠﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ رد نآ ندﺮﮐ نﺎﮔرا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺗرﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ
گرﺰﺑ ﯽﻣﺎﮔ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
فﺮﺼﻣ زا ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ و ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪـﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يﺎﺘﺳار رد هﺪــﻨﻨﮐ
دﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Isolation and identification of mould contaminating UF cheeses in Fasa city
Jafarpour, D.1*, Ataei, P.2
1. Assistant professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
2. BSc. Department of Food Science and Technology, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
ABSTRACT ARTIClE INFO
Article History:
Received 2019/ 04/ 18 Accepted 2021/ 09/ 04 Keywords:
Mould contamination, UF cheese,
Isolation, Identification.
Cheese is one of the valuable dairy products that has a significant role in feeding most people in society. During or after the production process, cheeses may become contaminated with moulds, which can endanger the health of the product and reduce its marketability. Cheese is one of the foods that has the suitable conditions for the growth of fungi. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the contaminants of ultrafiltration (UF) cheeses offered in Fasa city. For this purpose, 110 samples of cheese cans from different factories were randomly collected from the market and kept both open and closed. After growth, moulds were identified morphologically and molecularly. The results showed that the highest contamination of open cheeses was related to Penicillium, followed by Aspergillus, Paecilomyces and Trichoderma. In closed cheeses, Byssochlamys spectabilis was the most contaminated mould.
During this study, for the first time in Iran, this type of fungus was isolated and identified.
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.121.9
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1400.18.121.25.9
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir
Scientific Research
