هژوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا
رد ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ
ﯿﺳ
ﺪ ﺎﺿرﺪﯿﻤﺣ ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ
،1
ﯽﻤﻇﺎﮐ ﻪﯿﻤﺳ ،*
ﺎﯿﮐ
2 ، يوﺎﺑﺰﺣ ﺐﻨﯾز
،3
يﺪﻬﻣ نﺎﯿﻧﺎﻓﺮﻋ
4
* و1 - هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا :لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
- 2 يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺮﺘﮐد
،سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ
- 3 ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ يﺮﺘﮐد ﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﺳ
modares.ac.ir z.hazbavi@
- 4 هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ و ﻊﺗﺮﻣ
ﻪﯿﻣورا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﺶﯾﺎﭘ هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا ياﺮﺟا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
يروﺮﺿ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ اﺬﻟ .ﺖﺳا
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا نﺎﻣز ،تﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣا دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ،ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ دﺪﻌﺗ و ﯽﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ و ﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ
رﺎﺘﻓر ﺶﯾﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ا ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﻨﺘﺟ ﺖﺳا ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ.
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﺳد يﺎﺘﺳار رد ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ّﻠﻣ نﻼﮐ حﺮﻃ ﻢﻬﻣ فاﺪﻫا زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯾ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽ
هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ و رﻮﺸﮐ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
فﺪﻫ هزﻮﺣ مود ﻪﺟرد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
شور ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻤﮐ و يﺰﯾر
ﺪﺷ اﺮﺟا ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد.
، ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾدوز يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ زا هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ،عﺎﻔﺗرا
و ﺐﯿﺷ ،ﻦﯿﻣز ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ نارﺎﺑ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ رد .
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﺴﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ دﺎﯾ ﯽﻠﺻا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ هﺪﺷ يرﻮﻃ
ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﮐ
،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يدﺪﻋ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻊﯿﻤﺟ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ
و يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ هﺪﻣآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ رﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﮐ ياﺮﺑ
و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا
ﺪﻧ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ رد
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﺑﺰﻣ شور ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ترﻮﺻ
ﻮﺣ ﺿ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪ زا سرا يا ﻦﯿﺑ
ﻮﺣ30 ﺿ ود ﻪﺟرد ﻪ گرﺰﺑ
ﻮﺣ زه ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
رﻮﺸﮐ هﺪﺷ هداد ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و
ﺿ ﻪ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺋارا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ
وﺪﺗ هار ﻦﯾ ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ و ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﮐ ﺬﮔ
يرا ﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ و تﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ و ﯽﻠ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﻪﯾور ﻦﯾوﺪﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ
سﺎﯿﻘﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﯾ و ﺎﻫ
دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ دراد .
:يﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔژاو
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،يﺰﯾر ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،
ﻦﮕﻤﻫ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ،
- 1 ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺪﺷر ﺎﺣ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ رد هﮋﯾو
ل ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ، هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺪﺣ زا ﺶﯿﺑ زا
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
ﺎﺗ
ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﻪﮐ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ا ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ز كﺎﺧ ،دﻮﺑﺎﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ،ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻧوﺰﻓ و ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﮕﻨﺳﺮﮔ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار
هداد نﺎﺴﻧا و ار تﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﯾز رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺪﺟ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ .
ﻦﯾا زا ﻆﻔﺣ ور مﻮﺑ نﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
1ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻨﻣا ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ ، ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و2
ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺖﺴﯾز
ﯽﻣ ﯽﻘﻠﺗ نﺎﻬﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ رد يﺪﺟ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻮﺷ
ﻧ ) ﺪ Regamey -
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و Grêt ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد .(2014
شور ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ مﺎﻈﻧ يﺎﻫ
3ﺪﻨﻣ ) ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﯿﯾﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ،Lal
.(2000 نآ زا ﯽﯾﺎﺟ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﺘﻓر ،يﺰﯾر ﯽﻣ نآ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﻪﻏﺪﻏد ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻂﺑاﻮﺿ و ﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ﻪﺋارا و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ،ﻦﮕﻤﻫ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هزﻮﺣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ناﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
هار و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﮐ
دﺮﮐ ﻪﺋارا ار ﻦﮕﻤﻫ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ )
Laize ، .(2004 ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ رد يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ رد
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﻨﯿﻣز رد يدوﺪﺤﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ) Laize ، و2004 Laize نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
، ﺎﺳ (2008 شور ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺤﻣ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﯾ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ
.ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ 4
نآ لﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا شور ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ و ﯽﻤﮐ ،هدﺎﺳ ،يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺢﯿﺤﺻ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ،لﺪﺘﺴﻣ و دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ﺶﯾﺎﭘ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يﺎﻨﺑﺮﯾز ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ،سﺎﺳا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻤﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ و رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
يﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ
ّﻠﻣ نﻼﮐ حﺮﻃ ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ يﺎﻫ هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽ
ﺪﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ار نآ ﻪﮐ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺟﻮ
ﯽﻣ ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺘﻣ .دزﺎﺳ
- 2 شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور اﺮﺑ
ي ﻞﮐ اﯾ ناﺮ و ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ30
ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ و مود ﻪﺟرد هﺪﺷ ﺶﯿ
را هزﻮﺣﺮﯾز1000
ﺨﺑآ ﺰﯿ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﻨﺑ ي مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﺸﮐ بآ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ حﺮﻃ ﺪﺷ
. ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ تروﺮﺿ ﺐﺴﺣ و ﻞﺒﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ رد رﻮﺑﺰﻣ يﺎﻫ
،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺿﻮﺣ سرا ﻊﻗاو گرﺰﺑ رد ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ يﺎﯾرد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﯽﺗﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ
ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ شور زا هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺿﻮﺣ
ﻦﯿﺑ يا ʹʹ 42 ʹ
°1 ﺎﺗ44 ʹʹ 33 ʹ
°42 و ﯽﻗﺮﺷ لﻮﻃ48 ʹʹ
10
ʹ
°46 ﺎﺗ37 ʹʹ 7 ʹ
°47 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ ضﺮﻋ39 ﺎﺴﻣ
،ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺣ 39534
ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐ ،نآ ﯽﻠﺻا دور و
سرا ﺖﺳا
و ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ زا ﯽﻤﯿﻧ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻞﯿﺑدرا نﺎﺘﺳا
ﺶﺨﺑ و نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﺑرذآ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﯾﺎ و
ﯽﺑﺮﻏ نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ ﺖﺳا
ﻆﻓﺎﺣ) ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺖﺳﺮﭘ (1394
.
ﯿﯿﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻤﮐ شور ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘﺳد ﻦ
ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ،ﺐﯿﺷ ،عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ
، يﺎﻨﺒﻣ
تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ
. ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﯾﻻ درﻮﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ زﺎﯿﻧ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫ زا ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و ﺐﯿﺷ ،عﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﻣﻮﻗر
هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﻠﻣ نﻼﮐ حﺮﻃ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
يﺪﻟﺎﺧ) نﺎﺸﯾورد ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
(1396 زا نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺑذ ﯽﺤﯿ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
( 1394 و Sadeghi نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
هزﻮﺣ تﺎﻤﯿﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ و (2017 رﻮﺸﮐ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا
ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ بآ ناﺮﯾا ،وﺮﯿﻧ ترازو) (1383
ﻪﯿﻬﺗ هدﺎﯿﭘ ياﺮﺑ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ شور يزﺎﺳ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
زا ﺲﭘ
هدﺎﻣآ هداد ﻪﯿﻬﺗ و يزﺎﺳ هداد ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ،ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد يﺮﺘﺳر ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ
مﺮﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا
MATLAB 2016 لﺎﻣﺮﻧ
1 Ecosystems
2 Food Security
3 Systematic Methods
4 Subjective
ﺪﺷ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ. شزرا مﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺮﯾ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ يﺎﻫ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ توﺎﻔﺗ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ زﺎﯿﺘﻣا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ هﺪﺷ 100
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) Laize ،
؛ 2004 Laize ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و .(2008
ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻤﮐ شور ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽ ،ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ ،بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
شزرا ﻪﻘﺒﻃ و يراﺬﮔ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يﺪﻨﺑ
نآ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ رد و هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﺳا راﻮﺘﺳا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺎﻫ
Laize)
، .(2004 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ شزرا ﻦﯿﺑ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﯾ و ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ سﺎﺳا
لﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ ﺣﺮﯾز) ﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ رد (ﻪﺿﻮ
ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا (ﻪﺿﻮﺣ گرﺰﺑ) ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻞﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻣ يﺮﺘﺳر ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد اﺬﻟ .دﻮﺷ
ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑﯾ هداد يزﺎﺳ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻮﺣ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ﺿ ﻪ ﻢﮐ توﺎﻔﺗ يرﺎﻣآ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هداد ﺖﻟﺎﺧد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﭼ و ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﭼ ﺎﻫ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا يﺮﺗ
ﻮﻠﺳ ل ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻄﻨﻣ و ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﮏﯾ ﺒﺷ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ نآ ﻊﻗاو رد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻪﻘ
ﺎ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺖﻫ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﺗر و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺮﺗ
هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا نآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ رد ﯽﻣ
دﻮﺷ .
- 3 ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ و
ﯽﺴﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻖﯿﻔﻠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ
نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ،ﺐﯿﺷ ،عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻞﮑﺷ)
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،(1
ﻨﻣ ﻞﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﻄ
ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ و ﻪﻘ ﺮﯾز 34
ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ يا
سرا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﺟرد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﯽﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ و ﻦﯿﻟوا ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا
رد سرا ياﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ (د) ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋو (ج) ﯽﺿارا يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ،(ب) ﺐﯿﺷ ،(ﻒﻟا) عﺎﻔﺗرا يﺎﻫﻪﺸﻘﻧ 1( )ﻞﮑﺷ گرﺰﺑ
ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ يﺎﯾرد
ﻒﻟا ب
ج د
نآ زا لﺎﺣ ﯽﯾﺎﺟ
ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ار ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﯾ و مزﻻ ﯽﺋاﺮﺟا ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﮐ اﺬﻟ ،ﺪﻧا
ﻢﮐ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ زا ﺮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد10 اﻮﻨﻋ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا يﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ يﺎﺘﺳار رد يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻨﺒﻣ ن
.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
گرﺰﺑ رد ﻊﻗاو سرا يا ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ
) لوﺪﺟ رد نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ) ﻞﮑﺷ و (1
(2 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ .
ﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز ﺷ ﻪ هرﺎﻤ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ 8 /0
69
لﻼﻘﺘﺳا ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ياراد ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا دﻮﺟو ،ﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ و يﺮﺘﻣورﺪﯿﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﻮﺣﺮﯾز ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ ﺿ
ﻪ ﻪﺑ 3 ﻨﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ناﻮ /2
ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ .ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ61 يﺎﻫ
و14
ﻪﺑ 20 ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ /0
و66 /1 ﻪﺑ 62 ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ يا
سرا فﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ
ﻢﮐ زا ﺮﺗ ﺪﺻرد 10
ﻞﮑﺷ) ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ .(2
ﻪﺑ شور ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ رد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ رﺎﮐ
،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ناﺮﮔ Laize
، ؛2004 Laize ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ؛2008
Arbor ، 2010 هداد نﺎﺸﻧ( ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا
يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ترﺎﻈﻧ و ﺶﯾﺎﭘ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻣز و ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﺶﻫ
ﯽﻣ نآ يﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ .دﻮﺷ
لوﺪﺟ )1 ( ﻪﯾﻻ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ رد ﯽﯾﺎﺗﺪﻨﭼ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
سرا يا
ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز ﺐﯿﺷ
ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز
ﺐﯿﺷ
ﻪﺿﻮﺣﺮﯾز
ﺐﯿﺷ
ﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ي ﺿارا ﯽ ﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
ي ﺿارا ﯽ ﺮﺑرﺎﮐ
ي ﺿارا ﯽ
عﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﻣﻮﻗر لﺪﻣ
لﺪﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﻣﻮﻗر
عﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﻣﻮﻗر لﺪﻣ
نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
1 33/5
13 58/1
24
39/9
2 19/8
14 66/0
25
45/4
3 61/2
15 41/8
26
52/0
4 64/3
16 50/8
27 17/8
5 39/9
17 51/3
28 51/0
6 37/6
18 47/9
29 37/8
7 9/0
19 60/4
30 53/2
8 69/0
20 62/1
31 50/0
9 46/8
21 51/8
32 46/3
10 18/1
22 56/3
33 30/1
11 37/8
23 56/9
34 50/6
12 27/4
- -
- -
- 4 ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﯽﻧﺎﯾﺎﺷ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رد اﺮﺟا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻪﺋارا
،ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،يﺰﯾر ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ
ﻨﻣ زا ﻊﺑﺎ
هزﻮﺣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نآ ﯽﺠﻨﺳرﺎﺘﻓر ًﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ هدﺎﯿﭘ رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ مﺎﮔ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻨﯾدﺎﻬﻧ ،يزﺎﺳ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا و ﺶﯿﭘ و ﯽﺣﻼﺻا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاﺮﯿﮔ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يﻮﮕﻟا ﮏﯾ ﻪﺋارا ﺖﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد .دﻮﺷ
آ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺶﯿﭘ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑ
هدﻮﻟﺎﺷ و طﺮﺷ
،لﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﻋ رد .ﺖﺳا ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ عﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ ﭻﯿﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ صﻮﺼﺧ رد يا
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ هژوﺮﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ مﺎﺠﻧا
هﺪﺸﻧ اﺬﻟ و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زﺎﻏآ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ رد ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ رد ﺢﻄﺳ نﻼﮐ هار ﻪﺋارا و ﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ يﺎﻫر ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ .ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ
ﻪﺑ تردﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﻪﺑ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﮏﯾ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ناﺰﯿﻣ و ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ماﺪﻗا ﺖﯾﻮﻟوا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﺒﺗر نآ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺑاﺪﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾاﺮﺟا ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ نآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ناﺮﯾﺪﻣ و ناراﺬﮔ
.دﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﯽﺘﮑﻠﻤﻣ نﻼﮐ
) ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ( سرا يا
ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﮑﺸﺗ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫﺰﯿﺨﺑآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هژوﺮﭘﺮﯾز شراﺰﮔ زا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ نﻼﮐ حﺮﻃ زا رﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد
هزﻮﺣ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺰﯿﺨ ﺖﯾﺎﻤﺣ زا دﻮﺧ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺗ ﺐﺗاﺮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻢﯾﺪﻘﺗ ار ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﻣآ ﻞﻤﻋ ﯾﺎﻤﻧ
ﻨ .ﺪ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
.1 ﺖﺳﺮﭘ ﻆﻓﺎﺣ ،.م ،
داﮋﻧ ﯽﻗاﺮﻋ
،
،.ش و يرذآ ﻒﯾﺮﺷ
، س . ﻪﺿﻮﺣ بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﮑﯾ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﯿﻌﻣ .1394
دﺮﮑﯾور سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ سرا ﺰﯾﺮﺑآ DPSIR
، ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ كﺎﺧ و بآ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ يﺎﻫ
، )22 ( :2 -61 . 77
.2 ﺪﻟﺎﺧ ي ورد ﯾ
،نﺎﺸ ﻤﻫدا ،.ا ﯽ
، ﺎﮐ ،.م ﺗﺒ ﯽ ﻣﻼﻏ ،.ا ،دﺮﮐ ﯽ
، ﻓ ،.ل ﯿ ﻀ ﯽ
، رﻮﭙﻤﺳﺎﻗ ،.و ي
، ﻣا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،.ا ،رﺎﮕﺘﺳر ،.م.س ﯿﻨ
ﯽ
، ح ،.
ﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ﯽ .م ،.ﻖﻧوا و ،.م ،دﺮﻓ . 1397
،ناﺮﯾا ﯽﺘﺴﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺮﯾز
ّﻠﻣ نﻼﮐ حﺮﻃ هژوﺮﭘ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ﯽ
ﻊﻣﺎﺟ هزﻮﺣ ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ يﺎﻫ رﻮﺸﮐ
،
.ص476 .3 .م ،هاﻮﺧﺎﻓو و ،.ر.ح.س ،ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ ،.م ،ﯽﺤﯿﺑذ .1394
توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد نارﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﺎﺳﺮﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ناﺮﯾا رد ، ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
،ﺰﯿﺨﺑآ ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ و )7
:(4 -442 .457
.4 ﻧ ترازو ﯿ
،وﺮ ﺴﻘﺗ ﻂﺑاﻮﺿ و ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘﺳد .1383 ﯿ
ﻢ ﺪﻨﺑ ي و راﺬﮔﺪﮐ ي ﻪﺿﻮﺣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺑآ ﯾﺰ هدوﺪﺤﻣ و ﺎﻫ ي ﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽ .رﻮﺸﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ رد
ﺪﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ ا بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯾ
،ناﺮ : 282 ص178 .
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6. Grêt-Regamey, A., Weibel, B., Bagstad, K.J., Ferrari, M., Geneletti, D., Klug, H., Schirpke, U. and Tappeiner, U. 2014. On the Effects of Scale for Ecosystem Services Mapping. PLoS One. 2014 December 30:9(12): e112601.
7. Laize, C.L.R. 2004. Integration of Spatial Datasets to Support the Review of Hydrometric Networks and Identification of Representive Catchments. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8(6):1103-1117.
8. Laize, C.L.R., Marsh, T.J. and Morris, D.G. 2008. Catchment Descriptors to Optimize Hydrometric Networks. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management, 61(3):117–125.
9. Lal, R. 2000. Rationale for Watershed as a Basis for Sustainable Management of Soil and Water Resources. Integrated Watershed Management in the Global Ecosystem, 3-16.
10. Sadeghi, S.H.R., Zabihi, M., Vafakhah, M. and Hazbavi, Z. 2017. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Rainfall Erosivity Index for Different Return Periods in Iran. Natural Hazards, 87(1):35-56.
Achievements of the Selection of Representative Watersheds in Homogeneous Regions of the Country
Abstract
The continuous monitoring of watershed behavior is essential to implement adaptive and comprehensive watershed management measures. Therefore, representative watersheds identification and selection due to the extent and diversity of watersheds, lack of facilities, time-consuming and costly measurements are inevitable for watershed behavior monitoring. To this end, the present study was planned and implemented to achieve a part of the important objectives of the National Mega Project on the Integrated Watershed Management in Iran with the aim of identifying representative watersheds in each second-order country's watersheds. In this regard, the most accessible and determinants variables i.e., elevation, land use, slope and rainfall erosivity factor were used in the study watersheds. Then, the representative watershed in each region was determined based on the results analysis of representative watershed index and based on the matrix composition of the declared variables. So that, in each region, firstly the representative watershed was considered with the highest amount of representative watershed index. Then, with respect to all governing conditions on the watersheds and with regards to applied prioritization, representative watersheds were identified and selected for the whole country. As an example, in the present study, the explained method has been described in an operational manner for the Aras River Watershed out of 30 major second-order watersheds of the country, and the results of this watershed are merely presented. Obviously, the results of the present research are highly applicable to the formulation of management strategies and general and long-term policy-making, as well as the development of an appropriate implementation procedure for the identification and selection of representative watersheds on other scales or homogeneous regions.
Keywords: Homogeneous Units, Integrated Management, Planing, Watershed Index
